天津滨海新区重点海岸带土地生态景观综合分析与评价

土地生态景观分类是土地分类的深化,土地生态景观分析能够更好地审视生态环境的现状和变化。文章以天津滨海新区重点海岸带为研究区域,以高精度航空影像和GF-2卫星影像为数据源,结合Naveh的景观分类系统完成了研究区的土地生态景观遥感调查。在遥感调查的基础上,选取斑块面积（CA）、斑块数量（NP）、最大斑块所占景观面积比例（LPI）等12项景观格局指标对研究区的景观现状进行了综合分析,发现：1）工业及居住景观呈团块式聚集,农业景观和人工养殖景观破碎程度较高;2）研究区景观异质性明显,景观格局类型稳定性差且景观格局分布具有明显的地域性;3）工业及沿岸浅海区规划较好,然而荒漠景观分布面积较多且集中,需要重点规划和治理。研究表明景观格局能够准确反映研究区景观的基本特征,对研究区今后的生态环境改善、旅游景观分析以及土地资源利用和规划提供一定的参考价值和指导意义。

     

变形体条件的土质边坡稳定性分析

基于能量法的上限定理,在定义滑体为变形体的条件下,采用能量法和强度折减法的有机结合,推导得出了土质边坡的能量法安全系数计算公式。能量法与传统刚体极限平衡法的区别在于：(1)前者使用的是能量平衡,而后者使用的是静力平衡;(2)前者将滑体视为变形体,而后者将滑体视为刚体。通过典型算例分析计算,结果显示,采用能量法进行土质边坡稳定性分析,得到的安全系数要比传统的瑞典圆弧法略小。     

内蒙古好老鹿场地区晚古生代超基性-基性岩的发现及意义

在内蒙古东部好老鹿场地区1∶5万区调工作中,发现了一套新的岩石组合,分别由铁镁质堆积岩、基性岩墙群、蚀变基性火山岩等组成.该套岩石组合经较强的构造破坏,呈大小不等的岩块产于本巴图组砂板岩之中.总体延伸方向呈近东西向展布,明显受区域性构造控制.岩石化学、岩石地球化学等方面的资料表明,辉石橄榄岩、辉长岩具有低Al、贫Ca和富Na的特点, MgO / (MgO+FeO)比值为0.25,MgO含量偏低.稀土元素总量偏低,为76.03×10-6 ~ 114.81×10-6,轻重稀土富集不明显,分馏作用较弱.∑L/∑H为0.73 ~ 0.8,配分曲线呈平坦的"W"型,δEu =1.03 ~ 1.23,略显正异常.基性火山岩具明显的富Fe、Mg、Na,贫Al、Ti、K的特征,微量元素显示形成于洋中脊环境.同时在辉长岩中获得单颗粒锆石UPb年龄为362.4 Ma,时代为早泥盆世晚期.其形成环境为洋中脊,属于泥盆纪古亚洲洋消减部分的残留体.     

受致灾气旋影响的不同规模等级城市直接经济损失特征

本文将造成直接经济损失的热带气旋定义为致灾气旋。依据城区常住人口,将我国城市划分为小城市、中等城市、大城市三种规模等级,基于1984—2019年热带气旋灾情和路径数据筛选出致灾气旋,分析我国城市的致灾气旋频次、强度,并研究致灾气旋造成的不同规模城市直接经济损失变化。主要结论为:(1)1984—2019年影响我国城市的致灾气旋为7.7个·a^-1,呈微弱下降趋势,而强台风和超强台风的发生频次呈显著增加趋势(α=0.05显著水平),30°N以南城市频次整体比北部高;(2)由于致灾气旋影响范围增加,暴露于不同强度致灾气旋的城市个数呈增加趋势,其中暴露于强台风的城市个数增速最快,约为2.0个/(10 a);致灾气旋影响城市个数增加以及城市经济快速发展,使得暴露于致灾气旋影响范围内的经济总量迅速增加,以大城市经济暴露度(占比81.7%)的增速最快(402.6亿元·a^-1);(3)1984—2019年致灾气旋造成的城市直接经济损失约为262.3亿元·a^-1(以2019年市值),呈增加趋势;城市经济快速发展和高强度致灾气旋频次增加的共同作用下,城市经济损失占我国致灾气旋经济损失的比重从30.0%增加到63.3%。大城市资产财富集中,且多位于沿海地区,致灾气旋发生频次较多,经济损失占比最大(为51.4%),增速最快(为5.2亿元·a^-1)。     

基于高性能稀疏采集的低频恢复技术在胜利东风港探区的应用

地震勘探中,地震波低频成分越来越受到重视, 而常规检波器记录中的低频有效成分难以被充分识别利用。基于检波器性能分析,通过布设低频检波器估计陆用压电检波器可恢复的最低有效频率并实现低频恢复;在此基础上,设计胜利东风港探区高性能低频检波器稀疏布设方案以及低频数据恢复流程。实际数据表明：对于胜利探区三维勘探,陆用压电检波器最低有效频率能够恢复至3 Hz,成像后的叠加剖面的精度和分辨率有显著提高。     

东海陆坡海底块体运动地形分析方法

随着油气资源开发向深水区发展,迫切需要采用一定的方法去了解块体运动的特征以及分析块体运动对深水油气资源开发的可能性.本文阐述了东海陆坡块体运动地形分析方法以及多种数据处理技术的使用.多波束测深系统为人们提供了直观的海底地貌形态特征,地层剖面仪系统能探测海底以下沉积物性质和结构的变化.GIS、Fledermaus、Delph等软件系统可以定量分析海底微地貌形态特征.     

Perturbation equations of the elements of Vinti's intermediate orbit

Perturbation equations of the elements a, e, s, M_s, Ψ_s,Ω_sof Vinti's intermediate orbit are derived here correct to the second-order. Poisson terms have been eliminated from these equations.     

Model for large strain consolidation with compressible pore fluid

A numerical model, called CCPF1 (C onsolidation with C ompressible P ore F luid 1 ), is presented for one‐dimensional large strain consolidation of a saturated porous medium with compressible pore fluid. The algorithm includes all the capabilities of a previous large strain consolidation code, CS2, written for incompressible pore fluid. In addition, fluid density and fluid viscosity are functions of fluid pressure in CCPF1. Generalization of the numerical approach to accommodate these functions requires several modifications to the CS2 method, including phase relationships, intrinsic permeability, pore pressure, fluid potential, and mass flux. Inertial forces are neglected and isothermal conditions are assumed. The development of CCPF1 is first presented, followed by an example that illustrates the effects of pore fluid compressibility on the mechanics of consolidation of saturated porous media. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Regional differentiation of ecological conservation and its zonal suitability at the county level in China

China’s investments, financial incentives and deductions in terms of ecological conservation are based at the county level. Therefore, the monitoring and assessment of the effects of ecological conservation at the county level is important to provide a scientific basis for the assessment of the ecological and environmental quality at the county scale. This paper quantitatively estimated the dynamics of high-quality ecosystems and vegetation coverage over the past 15 years, and their relationships with the number of ecological conservation programs at the county level were analyzed. Then, the effects of ecological conservation measures on ecological changes at the county level and their regional suitability were assessed and discussed. The results showed that counties with a percentage of high-quality ecosystems greater than 50% were primarily distributed in northeastern China, southern subtropical China and the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and those with a percentage lower than 20% were mostly distributed in northwestern China, the southwestern karst region and the North China Plain. In recent decades, ecological conservation has focused on ecologically fragile regions; more than five ecological conservation programs have been implemented in most counties of the Three River Source Region in Qinghai Province, southeastern Tibet, western Sichuan, the Qilian Mountains, southern Xinjiang and other western regions, while only one or zero have been implemented in the eastern coastal area of China. Over the past 15 years, the proportional area of high-quality ecosystems has increased in approximately 53% of counties. The vegetation coverage of counties in the Loess Plateau, Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji), Sichuan-Guizhou-Chongqing, and Guangdong-Guangxi provincial-level areas has increased significantly. However, it decreased in northern Xinjiang, central Tibet, central and eastern Inner Mongolia, the Yangtze River Delta and other regions. The relationships between the numbers of ecological conservation programs and the indicators of ecosystem restoration response, such as high-quality ecosystem and vegetation coverage, do not show positive correlations. These results suggest that ecological conservation programs should be planned and implemented according to the distribution patterns of high-quality ecosystems and that restoration measures such as afforestation should follow natural principles and regional differentiation under the background of climate change.     

松嫩平原沙漠化现状和潜势

本文对松嫩平原的黑龙江省部分沙漠化现状进行了分析,指出松嫩平原不仅已存在零星沙地,而且还正受到呼伦贝尔沙地和科尔沁沙地的影响.明确提出该地区确实具有沙漠化的潜势,并针对沙漠化潜势提出了防治的对策.