湖南仙人岩与金矿床有关的二长岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及地质意义

仙人岩岩体位于湖南水口山矿田的南部。岩体内外接触带上均见有不同程度的金、铜、钼、锌等矿化,反映出岩体与成矿存在着内在联系。二长岩中锆石的LA-MC-ICP-MS年代学研究表明,其U-Pb加权平均年龄值为（156.09±0.46）Ma（MSWD=1.4）,显示为燕山早期侵位。锆石Lu-Hf同位素原位分析结果表明,¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf值为0.282 243～0.282 904,ε_Hf（t）值为-15.55～7.87,峰值在-10左右,Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄（T_DM2）为703～2 188 Ma,峰值在1 800 Ma左右,指示岩浆为壳幔混合来源。结合岩体的地球化学特征,认为仙人岩岩体主要来源于中元古代基底的重熔,是在中晚侏罗世地壳拉张减薄构造背景下形成的。另外,对比分析了仙人岩岩体与水口山岩体的岩石地球化学特征,前者分异演化程度相对较弱,这可能是其不利于形成同类矿床的原因。     

长三角地区研发产业的空间结构演化

本文旨在探讨研发产业的空间集聚规律和研发产业区域差异的空间特性, 揭示地理临近与产业网络形成及研发产业在城市体系间的内在关联。基于实地调查和R&D普查数据, 采用因子分析、聚类分析、GIS 制图等方法, 以区位理论和城市空间结构为理论依据, 探讨了长三角地区16 城市研发产业的空间演化过程, 分析了研发产业的影响因子。研究表明:影响研发产业的主要因子依次为:产业发展综合实力因子、产业结构因子、产业竞争力因子、经济结构支持因子、经济发展水平因子、研发活跃度因子等6 大类因子。研究结果表明, 2000 年长三角地区研发产业空间结构的显著特征是集聚在以上海为中心的单极空间模式。之后发展到2007 年, 南京、杭州、苏州等城市研发产业发展呈快速增长态势, 空间上表现为由单极集中转向多极分散的趋势。研究认为:今后长三角地区研发产业区域差异格局将逐步形成, 呈现为以上海、南京、杭州为顶点的区域内部的三角形格局。     

青藏高原木孜塔格冰川、玉珠峰冰川及扎当冰川可培养细菌的生理特征

为了解冰川微生物生长特点,分析了青藏高原木孜塔格冰川、玉珠峰冰川和扎当冰川可培养细菌在不同温度,及木孜塔格冰川可培养细菌在不同盐度和pH下的生长特性.木孜塔格冰川52%的可培养细菌不耐盐,只能在0%盐度下生长,38%的细菌可以在0%～4%/6%盐度培养基中生长,其余细菌可以在0%～1%/2%的盐度培养基中生长,且62%的细菌具有较广的pH值生长范围（pH 5～9）;另外,38%的细菌只能在弱酸性（5%）或者只能在弱碱性（33%）培养基中生长. 3个冰川可培养细菌生长温度范围均为0～35℃,木孜塔格冰川最适生长温度≤20℃的细菌占其细菌总数的86%,而玉珠峰冰川和扎当冰川最适生长温度≤20℃的细菌则分别占其细菌总数的69%和53%.不同冰川具有不同最适生长温度的细菌的比例不同,同一冰川不同深度相同属类的细菌有相近的生长温度特征、耐盐度和耐酸碱特征.     

Joint observation results of Na layer and ionosphere in Wuhan during the Total Solar Eclipse

During the total solar eclipse on July 22, 2009 in Wuhan, the joint observation test of Na layer and ionosphere was conducted by using the daytime observation atmospheric lidar and the GPS ionosphere detector. The results show that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of Na layer density slightly narrowed during the total solar eclipse and broadened after the eclipse, while the height of Na peak slightly decreased in the eclipse and increased after the eclipse. These implying that Na layer changes reflect the rapid process of sunrise and sunset. The ionosphere total electron content (TEC) and the sky background light noise also presented an obvious fluctuation characteristic with the changes of solar irradiation during the process of total solar eclipse. The difference lies in that the changes of FWHM of Na layer atoms are much slower than that of ionosphere, the reason for this might be that the Na layer, after being disturbed by the total solar eclipse, will generate a series of complicated photochemical reactions and momentum transport processes, and then recombine the Na atoms. The Na atoms to be detected by the lidar need a lag process, which rightly conforms to the theoretical simulated results.     

Soil moisture estimation based on BeiDou B1 interference signal analysis

BeiDou Navigation Satellite System reflectometry (BDS-R) is an emerging area of BD (BeiDou) applications that uses multipath reflected signals in microwave remote sensing. Soil moisture estimation is one of the potential important applications of BDS-R. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of soil moisture estimation based on BD B1 band interference signals, which are composed of direct and reflected BD signals and can be readily captured using low-cost commercial BDS receivers. In this paper, a theoretical background for soil estimation from interference signals was introduced, and an analysis of field experimental data was conducted. First, a cosine model for the interference signal power was built, and a non-uniform power spectrum analysis was performed on the received interference signals to determine its main frequency. Then, a least squares curve fitting was applied on the interference signal power to extract its phase. The relationship between the soil moisture and the phase was then determined. Two months of experimental data were collected at BaoXie, Wuhan and analyzed for further inversion. Experimental results show that the phase of the interference signals increases with the increase of soil moisture. The correlation coefficient between the phase and the in-situ soil moisture value is approximately 0.8. Finally, the relationship between the phase and soil moisture is employed to estimate soil moisture. Results show that using BDS-R to measure soil moisture is feasible, which demonstrates a great potential of new application of the BD system.     

夏垫活动断层土壤氡地球化学特征

夏垫活动断层为首都圈重要的断层之一。本文用土壤中气氡测量法在齐心庄和东柳河屯区段进行了野外现场勘测,揭示了研究区土壤氡的地球化学异常,绘制出研究区的氡浓度等值线图,分析了该区段活动断层的上下盘、空间位置及断层走向,并探讨了研究区断裂带的规模及活动性。综合分析认为,断裂带规模较大和断层活动性较强的齐心庄处的夏垫活动断层应为今后地震监测的重点。     

华北板块北缘中二叠统于家北沟组植物化石及其大地构造意义

通过对内蒙古赤峰市广兴源乡于家北沟组模式剖面植物化石和安山质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩锆石U-Pb同位素年代学的研究,结合动物化石的分析,确认于家北沟组地质时代为中二叠世。于家北沟组植物化石以Gigantonoclea hallei Asama、Fascipteris sinensis Stockm. et Math.、Pecopteris taiyuanensis Halle、Pterophyllum daihoense Kaw.等众多华夏植物群典型分子为特征,属于典型的华夏植物群。目前,在中二叠世植物群中,从未发现有华夏和安加拉两大植物群的混生现象,这一事实进一步表明,中二叠世横亘于华北板块和佳蒙地块之间的古亚洲洋尚未闭合,在植物地理分布上起着重要的阻隔作用。     

强电磁干扰下磁共振地下水探测噪声压制方法研究进展

磁共振地下水探测方法因具有高分辨力、高效率、信息量丰富和解唯一等优点而备受地球物理工作者关注。近几年,该方法在正演模型和反演解释方面取得了显著的进展,在水文地质勘查方面的应用也进一步拓展。然而,磁共振信号极其微弱、对周围环境中的电磁干扰反映敏感,成为其应用的主要瓶颈。吉林大学地下水磁共振技术课题组针对噪声的产生机理及特性,对影响信号质量最严重的两类噪声--工频谐波噪声和尖峰脉冲噪声进行研究。本文综述了强电磁干扰下磁共振地下水探测噪声压制方法的研究现状及近期研究进展,包括磁共振信号的工频谐波噪声压制方法和尖峰脉冲噪声压制方法,简要介绍了实时参考消噪技术、独立分量分析技术、基于能量运算的尖峰噪声抑制技术以及基于同步压缩小波变换和自寻优非线性阈值补偿技术抑制电磁干扰的研究示例,展望了地下水磁共振探测噪声压制技术的未来发展趋势。     

过去300年大兴安岭北部气候变化特征（英文）

The Greater Khingan Mountains(Daxinganling) are China's important ecological protective screen and also the region most sensitive to climate changes. To gain an in-depth understanding and reveal the climate change characteristic in this high-latitude, cold and data-insufficient region is of great importance to maintaining ecological safety and corresponding to global climate changes. In this article, the annual average temperature, precipitation and sunshine duration series were firstly constructed using tree-ring data and the meteorological observation data. Then, using the climate tendency rate method, moving-t-testing method, Yamamoto method and wavelet analysis method, we have investigated the climate changes in the region during the past 307 years. Results indicate that, since 1707, the annual average temperature increased significantly, the precipitation increased slightly and the sunshine duration decreased, with the tendency rates of 0.06℃/10 a, 0.79 mm/10 a and –5.15 h/10 a, respectively(P≤0.01). Since the 21 st century, the period with the greatest increase of the annual average temperature(also with the greatest increase of precipitation) corresponds to the period with greatest decrease of sunshine duration. Three sudden changes of the annual average temperature and sunshine duration occurred in this period while two sudden changes of precipitation occurred. The strong sudden-change years of precipitation and sunshine duration are basically consistent with the sudden-change years of annual average temperature, suggesting that in the mid-1860 s, the climatic sudden change or transition really existed in this region. In the time domain, the climatic series of this region exhibit obvious local variation characteristics. The annual average temperature and sunshine duration exhibit the periodic variations of 25 years while the precipitation exhibits a periodic variation of 20 years. Based on these periodic characteristics, one can infer that in the period from 2013 to 2030, the temperature will be at a high-temperature stage, the precipitation will be at an abundant-precipitation stage and the sunshine duration will be at an less-sunshine stage. In terms of spatial distribution, the leading distribution type of the annual average temperature in this region shows integrity, i.e., it is easily higher or lower in the whole region; and the second distribution type is more(or less) in the southwest parts and less(or more) in the northeast parts. Precipitation and sunshine duration exhibit complex spatial distribution and include fourspatial distribution types. The present study can provide scientific basis for the security investigation of homeland, ecological and water resources as well as economic development programming in China's northern borders.     

干旱半干旱区气候变化研究综述

从干旱半干旱区气候的时空变化特征、陆气相互作用的观测试验以及气候变化的动力学机制等几个方面系统总结了近年来国内外干旱半干旱区气候变化的最新研究进展,指出目前干旱半干旱区气候变化研究以特定区域研究为主,缺乏对全球不同区域干旱半干旱区气候变化时空关联的系统性归纳研究,且野外观测试验持续时间较短,这在很大程度上限制了对干旱半干旱区气候变化机理的认识和陆面过程模式的发展。针对这些问题,从资料获取、资料分析及数值模拟3个方面提出未来干旱半干旱区气候变化研究的主要方向。