基于TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路研究参苓白术散对IBS-D大鼠的干预机制

目的：基于TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路研究参苓白术散对腹泻型肠易激综合征（IBS-D）大鼠的干预机制。方法：将48只大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、匹维溴铵组［20 mg/(kg·d）］、参苓白术散组［SLBZ组,1.44 g/（kg·d）］、TLR4抑制剂组［TAK-242组,1 mg/（kg·d）］、TLR4抑制剂+参苓白术散组（TAK-242+SLBZ组）,每组各8只。除空白组外,其余各组均采用4%乙酸构建IBS-D大鼠模型。造模成功后,各给药组给予相应的药物灌胃,连续7 d。观察大鼠一般情况,体质量及粪便Bristol评分,结肠组织病理学变化,血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）及白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）水平,结肠组织闭锁小带蛋白-1（ZO-1）、紧密连接蛋白（Occludin）、Toll样受体4（TLR4）、髓样分化因子88（MyD88）、核转录因子-κB p65（NF-κB p65）蛋白表达水平。结果：成功造模38只。与空白组比较,模型组大鼠体质量下降,粪便Bristol评分升高,HE染色可见炎症细胞浸润,血清TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β水平升高,结肠组织ZO-1与Occludin蛋白水平降低,TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB p65蛋白水平升高（P＜0.05）。与模型组比较,匹维溴铵组、SLBZ组、TAK-242组、TAK-242+SLBZ组大鼠体质量增加,粪便Bristol评分降低,HE染色炎症细胞浸润减少,血清IL-6、IL-1β及TNF-α水平均显著下降,ZO-1和Occludin蛋白表达水平升高,TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平下降（均P＜0.05）。与匹维溴铵组、SLBZ组、TAK-242组比较,TAK-242+SLBZ组大鼠结肠组织ZO-1与Occludin蛋白表达水平升高,TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平下降（均P＜0.05）。结论：参苓白术散可改善IBS-D大鼠腹泻症状,降低血清炎症因子水平,修复肠黏膜,其机制可能是通过调控TLR4 /MyD88 /NF-kB信号通路来达到减轻肠道炎症反应的目的。     

基于卫星高度计资料的黑潮入侵南海流径的时间变化规律研究

黑潮入侵南海对南海的温盐平衡、环流、涡旋和局地气候等具有重要作用。基于吕宋海峡处黑潮不同流径的识别方法,对1993～2021年的卫星高度计资料进行识别,获取黑潮不同流径的发生时间,探究黑潮入侵南海流径的时间变化规律。结果表明:(1)黑潮主要以流套(Looping)和分支(Leaking)两种流径入侵南海,Leaking流径发生的时长(710周)和概率(46.9%)要远高于Looping流径(时长218周,概率14.4%)。(2) Looping流径和Leaking流径均可将高温高盐的西北太平洋水带入南海,Looping流径下的平均吕宋海峡上层通量(6.3×10⁶ m³/s)略大于Leaking流径(5.6×10⁶ m³/s)Looping和Leaking流径在4×10⁶ m³/s～6×10⁶ m³/s区间发生时间最长。(3)季节变化上,Looping流径主要发生在冬季,Leaking流径在冬半年均较强,夏季二者发...     

南海东北部中尺度涡对海表叶绿素a浓度的影响规律研究

基于南海东北部1998~2019年的多源卫星遥感数据和风场再分析数据, 较系统地分析了南海东北部涡旋内部叶绿素a浓度的分布特征, 通过量化统计和涡心坐标系参数合成等方法探究了中尺度涡对叶绿素a浓度变化的影响规律及潜在机制。结果表明: (1)南海东北部约有60%的中尺度涡旋内部存在叶绿素a浓度增加和减少的现象。(2)南海东北部中尺度涡内部叶绿素a扰动受到涡旋抽吸和涡致Ekman抽吸机制的共同调控, 其中约有38% (39%)的暖(冷)涡内涡旋抽吸的贡献更大, 21% (24%)的暖(冷)涡内涡致Ekman抽吸的贡献更大。(3)南海东北部中尺度涡生命周期内的海表叶绿素a浓度变化存在显著的阶段性差异, 在冷暖涡的生成期, 涡旋抽吸的作用更为显著, 而在冷暖涡的顶峰和消亡期, 涡致Ekman抽吸的作用更为明显。上述研究结果有助于理解南海东北部初级生产力对中尺度涡的响应过程与机理, 对认识海洋物理-生物耦合过程具有一定的参考价值和研究意义。     

南京玄武湖浮游甲壳动物的水平分布及其与环境的关系

于2010年7月对玄武湖三个区域(荷花区、湖岸区、敞水区)的浮游甲壳动物水平分布进行了分析,并探讨了浮游甲壳动物种类、丰度分布与环境因子的关系.结果显示:荷花区、湖岸区、敞水区的氮磷营养盐浓度无显著差异,三个区域pH逐渐变高.相比其他区域,荷花区叶绿素a浓度最高而总悬浮质浓度最低.荷花区浮游甲壳动物丰度显著高于敞水区和湖岸区.全湖枝角类优势种为模糊秀体溞、微型裸腹溞、尖额溞以及壳纹船卵溞.桡足类的优势种为北碚中剑水蚤和台湾温剑水蚤.与其他湖区相比,荷花区浮游甲壳动物种类最多,且检出缺刺新秀体溞等稀有枝角类.冗余分析(RDA)表明与玄武湖浮游甲壳动物优势种分布相关的重要环境因子为总悬浮质、叶绿素a和总溶解磷浓度.结合浮游甲壳动物种类、丰度分布及环境因子分析得出,模糊秀体溞更倾向于分布在敞水区,而荷花区为其余大部分浮游甲壳动物种类提供了合适的生存条件.     

基于TEQC的三峡库区GNSS控制网数据质量评估

三峡库区多峡谷,在控制测量中,全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)信号极易受到干扰,而GNSS控制网数据质量的好坏直接影响后期的测量工作。由美国卫星导航系统与地壳形变观测研究大学联合体研制的TEQC(Translation Editing and Quality Checking)软件可以对GNSS数据进行质量检核。结合该软件,提出了采用5个数据质量评估指标的方式对观测数据进行评估,并采用TEQC+成图软件模式对库区GNSS观测数据进行预处理,最后通过后处理方式来验证该方法的可靠性。结果表明,通过该方法可以准确评估观测数据的质量,并可通过预处理得到较高质量的观测数据,对提高三峡库区GNSS控制测量数据的质量起到了重要作用。     

两类多路径效应提取方法效果对比与分析

针对变形监测领域中多路径效应消除方法的选择问题,本文对比了两种常用的多路径效应消除方法,为变形监测领域中如何合适选取消除多路径效应的方法提供了一些参考。首先详细介绍了单元谐波估计（least squares harmonic estimation,LS-HE）和集合平均经验模态分解（ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD）的算法原理与实现步骤,并基于实际的变形监测数据,对比了这两种算法在多路径效应提取方面的效果。结果表明,EEMD相比LS-HE拥有更好的提取效果,E、N、U方向的RMS分别有11.81%、5.34%、15.13%的提高,更适用于实际。     

The impact of human activities on the flushing properties of a semi-enclosed lagoon: Xiaohai, Hainan, China

In this study, a Lagrangian particle tracking model driven by hydrodynamic fields was used to investigate the changes of flushing properties in Xiaohai Lagoon resulting from natural evolution and influences of human activities. Comparisons of residence times between 1936 and 2001 indicate that the flushing efficiency of the lagoon has deteriorated greatly during the past seven decades. Over this period, the average residence time of the lagoon has increased from 45 to 71 days, an increase of 59%. The Lagrangian residual velocity has decreased from 1936 to 2001 in the large portions of the lagoon, and the spatial distribution pattern of the residual current has changed significantly. The well-developed horizontal circulations in 1936 disappeared. Instead, the horizontal Lagrangian residual velocity showed uniformly seaward motion with reduced velocity in 2001. Human activities have incurred great impacts on the deterioration of flushing efficiency. The reduction of river inflow imposed the most significant impact, causing an increase of average residence time by 33%. The land reclamation in the lagoon came as the second most significant factor, causing an increase of 15%. Closure of the North Opening had posed minor impact. The model results suggest that restoring the river inflow, as well as the dredging of the tidal channel and the inner lagoon, should be the top proprieties for future water quality management.     

浙江省中尺度数值预报系统的地表太阳辐射预报订正方法

利用2019年杭州站辐射观测数据及浙江省中尺度数值预报业务系统(Zhejiang WRF ADAS real＿time modeling system, ZJWARMS)逐时模拟结果,评估ZJWARMS对地表太阳辐射的模拟效果。在此基础上,选取ZJWARMS输出的短波辐射通量、云量、地表温度、比湿等10个气象因子,建立不同天气分型的地表太阳辐射预报(model output statistics, MOS)订正模型。结果表明：ZJWARMS能较好地模拟太阳辐射的日变化特征,其与观测值的相关系数达0.82,但总体上模拟值较观测值偏大,晴天时误差相对较小,阴雨天时误差明显增大。MOS模型订正后,预报效果明显改进,平均绝对百分比误差由订正前的273.4%下降至46.3%,均方根误差由246.7 W·m^-2下降至105.0 W·m^-2。MOS模型订正效果在不同月份存在一定差异,8月订正效果最好,订正后平均绝对百分比误差由126.6%下降到26.3%,4月订正效果相对较差,订正后平均绝对百分比误差为56.6%。     

Spatio-temporal Differentiation in the Incidence of Influenza and Its Relationship with Air Pollution in China from 2004 to 2017

The Healthy China Initiative is a major health strategy being pursued by the country.To prevent and control different types of diseases as well as their complex variants,research on the spatio-temporal differentiation among and mechanisms of influence of epidemic diseases is growing worldwide.This study analyzed monthly data on the incidence of influenza by using different methods,including Moran’s I,the hotspot analysis model,concentration analysis,and correlation analysis,to determine the characteristics of spatiotemporal differentiation in the incidence of influenza across prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2017,and to examine its relationship with air pollution.According to the results,the overall incidence of influenza in China exhibited a trend of increase from 2004 to 2017,with small peaks in 2009 and 2014.More cases of influenza were recorded in the first and fourth quarters of each year.Regions with higher incidences of influenza were concentrated in northwestern and northern China,and in the coastal areas of southeastern China.Over time,the distribution of regions with a higher incidence of influenza has shifted from the west to the east of the country.A significant relationship was observed between the incidence of influenza and factors related to air pollution.The contents of five air pollutants (PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_2,NO_2,and CO) were significantly positively correlated with the incidence of influenza,with a decreasing order of contribution to it of SO_2CONO_2PM_(2.5)PM_(10).The content of O_3 in the air was negatively correlated with the incidence of influenza.The influence of air pollution-related factors on the incidence of influenza in different regions and seasons showed minor differences.The large-scale empirical results provided here can supply a scientific basis for governmental disease control authorities to formulate strategies for regional prevention and control.     

武汉市传销犯罪点的空间格局变化及其建成环境影响因素

基于中国裁判文书网的传销犯罪数据及与城市建成环境相关的POI数据,以传销高发城市武汉市为例,采用最近邻指数法、核密度估计法和地理探测器对武汉市2012—2019年传销犯罪点的空间格局变化及其建成环境影响因素进行研究.结果发现:1)武汉市传销犯罪在空间上集聚分布,呈现"市中心聚集"和"多中心"的特点,形成了东西湖区、黄陂...