高光谱目标探测中的空间和光谱尺度效应

高光谱遥感目标探测主要利用目标和背景的光谱特征差异进行目标识别。一般情况下,影像的空间和光谱分辨率越高,探测效果越好。但多数情况下空间和光谱分辨率难以同时满足需求。针对该问题,本文利用Field Imaging Spectrometer System(FISS)地面高光谱成像仪器,通过在稀疏草地上布设人工绿色目标,研究了目标和背景光谱相似情况下,单一均匀背景下小目标探测问题,提出空间和光谱尺度定量分析方法,得到目标探测适用的空间和光谱尺度。结果表明:(1)利用FISS高光谱仪器进行人工目标探测,所需的空间分辨率约为目标尺寸的2倍以内;(2)当光谱分辨率优于40 nm时,目标和背景的两个主要特征:反射峰的位置和波段趋势差异均可被描述,在原始空间分辨率5倍(0.85 cm)以内,探测精度可以达到0.94以上。由于反射峰间距20 nm,当光谱分辨率低于40 nm时,该特征消失,造成探测精度的下降;(3)当光谱分辨率低于40 nm时,选取目标、背景光谱特征差异较大的波段可提高探测的有效性,在舍弃目标背景相似波段后,探测精度上升,得到本实验的最佳波段组合为红、绿、蓝、黄及红边波段。     

Value Assessment of Wetland Ecosystem Services in the Da Hinggan Mountains,China

This study examined regional differences in ecosystem services for the Da Hinggan Mountains(DHM),China.A correction index was constructed based on ten-year aver...     

磁场强度对T2-T1二维核磁共振实验的影响研究

多维核磁共振测井比一维核磁包含更多的观测信息,往往可以解决单独使用横向弛豫时间(T2)进行测井评价时遇到的困难,在非常规油气储层勘探开发中发挥着不可替代的作用.T2-T1二维核磁共振能够检测页岩中的类固体有机质等含氢化合物,对于确定页岩储层流体成分至关重要,已经成为核磁测井和岩石物理实验的研究热点.与一维核磁共振相比,T2-T1二维核磁实验结果对测量参数更加敏感,已有学者对回波间隔(TE)、等待时间(TW)、扫描次数(SCAN)、回波个数(NECH)对实验结果的影响开展了深入研究,但磁场强度对T2-T1二维核磁的影响尚未见报道.对不同种类样品分别进行0.5T、0.05 T两种磁场强度(对应共振频率分别为21 MHz、2 MHz)下的T2-T1二维核磁共振实验,分析了磁场强度对实验结果的影响,研究表明:对于自由溶液,纵向弛豫时间(T1)对磁场强度更加敏感,磁场强度增大时,自由溶液T1增大、T2不变,T2-T1谱流体信号向上移动;对于实际岩样,受内部磁场梯度的影响,磁场强度增大时,T1增大、T2减小,T2-T1谱中流体信号向左上方移动.定量刻画了不同弛豫组分在磁场强度变化时谱峰位置的变化规律,能够将实验室得到的页岩油高频核磁流体识别图版转换为测井资料的低频流体识别图版,为二维核磁共振测井表征储层流体成分信息提供了理论依据.     

Star Formation Rate Indicators in Wide-Field Infrared Survey Preliminary Release

With the goal of investigating the degree at which the MIR luminosity in the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) traces the SFR, we analyse 3.4, 4.6, 12 and 22 ??m data in a sample of ~140,000 star-forming galaxies or star-forming regions covering a wide range in metallicity 7.66 < 12 + log(O/H)<9.46, with redshift z?< 0.4. These star-forming galaxies or star-forming regions are selected by matching the WISE Preliminary Release Catalog with the star-forming galaxy Catalog in SDSS DR8 provided by JHU/MPA¹?. We study the relationship between the luminosity at 3.4, 4.6, 12 and 22 ??m from WISE and H?? luminosity in SDSS DR8. From these comparisons, we derive reference SFR indicators for use in our analysis. Linear correlations between SFR and the 3.4, 4.6, 12 and 22 ??m luminosity are found, and calibrations of SFRs based on L(3.4), L(4.6), L(12) and L(22) are proposed. The calibrations hold for galaxies with verified spectral observations. The dispersion in the relation between 3.4, 4.6, 12 and 22 ??m luminosity and SFR relates to the galaxy??s properties, such as 4000 ? break and galaxy color.     

The scheme for the database building and updating of 1∶10 000 digital elevation models

The National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of China has planned to speed up the development of spatial data infrastructure (SDI) in the coming few years. This SDI consists of four types of digital products, i. e., digital orthophotos, digital elevation models, digital line graphs and digital raster graphs. For the DEM, a scheme for the database building and updating of 1∶10 000 digital elevation models has been proposed and some experimental tests have also been accomplished. This paper describes the theoretical (and/or technical) background and reports some of the experimental results to support the scheme. Various aspects of the scheme such as accuracy, data sources, data sampling spatial resolution, terrain modeling, data organization, etc are discussed.     

Basic research on key techniques related to urban 3D pipe network modeling

A new geometric modeling approach is introduced in this paper. First the principle of modeling of 3D pipe network is discussed in detail. Then the procedures of implementing pipe network visualization and system functions are presented. Last, several efficient methods for speeding up display of graphics are introduced. The new geometric modeling approach offers to people a new way to solve 3D visualization of complex urban pipe network.     

An algorithm for automatic cartographic sounding selection

Soundings on nautical charts provide information about the shape of ocean bottom between chart depth curves. A single chart may have thousands of soundings posted on it. This paper describes a new algorithm for selecting soundings automatically. At first, the problem encountered in automatic cartographic sounding selection is presented. Then the authors give the principle of the new algorithm, and the implementation is illuminated in detail. At last the experiments prove the rationality and efficiency of the new algorithm.     

Architecture of HLA based distributed virtual geographic environment

Integrating the theory of distributed virtual geographic enviroments (DVGE) and high level architecture(HLA), the architecture of DVGE based on HLA is designed. The data flow and the object models of the architecture are also discussed. The architecture basically meets the need of DVGE in real-time communication, distribution, collaboration, reusing and interoperation, expansion, and standard.     

Shape similarity measures of linear entities

The essential of feature matching technology lies in how to measure the similarity of spatial entities. Among all the possible similarity measures, the shape similarity measure is one of the most important measures because it is easy to collect the necessary parameters and it is also well matched with the human intuition. In this paper a new shape similarity measure of linear entities based on the differences of direction change along each line is presented and its effectiveness is illustrated.     

A construction schema for provincial spatial database of China

In order to provide a provincial spatial database, this paper presents a scheme for spatial database construction to meet the needs of China. The objective and overall technical route of spatial database construction are described. The logical and physical database models are designed. Key issues are addressed, such as integration of multi-scale heterogeneous spatial databases, spatial data version management based on metadata and integrative management of map cartography and spatial database.