高灵敏度机载L波段微波辐射计探测海表盐度

海水盐度是研究大洋环流和全球气候变化的重要参数,L波段(1400-1427MHz)微波辐射计是进行海水盐度遥感的最有效工具.在该频段内,微波辐射亮度温度对海水盐度变化的灵敏度为0.5K/psu,而用于海洋研究的盐度分辨率为0.1-0.2psu,要求微波辐射计的灵敏度优于0.1K.高灵敏度机载L波段微波辐射计,应用数字增益波动自动补偿和温度补偿技术,保证了系统的稳定性,并采用高效的滤波技术有效地抑制了全球定位信号(GPS)对接收机的干扰,灵敏度达到0.08K.进行了多次航空和海上对比遥感试验,获得了分辨率优于0.2psu、误差精度0.42psu的测量结果.     

Algorithm for Harmonic Tidal Analysis along T/P Tracks： Taking Differences of Observed Sea Surface Heights at Adjacent Points as Observations

An algorithm （differential mode） is presented for the improvement of harmonic tidal analysis along T/P tracks, in which the differences between the observed sea surface heights at adjacent points are taken as observations. Also, the observation equations are constrained with the results of the crossover analysis; the parameter estimations are performed at 0.1° latitude intervals by the least squares. Cycle 10 to 330 T/P altimeter data covering the China Sea and the Northwest Pacific Ocean （2°-50° N,105°-150° E） are adopted for a refined along-track harmonic tidal analysis, and harmonic constants of 12 constituents in 8 474 points are obtained, which indicates that the algorithm can efficiently remove non-tidal effects in the altimeter observations, and improve the precision of tide parameters. Moreover, parameters along altimetry tracks represent a smoother distribution than those obtained by traditional algorithms. The root mean squares of the fitting errors between the tidal height model and the observations reduce from 11 cm to 1.3 cm.     

基于交互多模型的水下目标跟踪方法

According to the requirements of real-time performance and reliability in underwater maneuvering target tracking as well as clarifying motion features of the underwater target, an interacting multiple model algorithm based on fuzzy logic inference （FIMM） is proposed. Maneuvering patterns of the target are represented by model sets, including the constant velocity model （CA）, the Singer mode~, and the nearly constant speed horizontal-turn model （HT） in FIMM technology. The simulation results show that compared to conventional IMM, the reliability and real-time performance of underwater target tracking can be improved by FIMM algorithm.     

汶川地震灾区无人机遥感影像获取与可视化管理系统研究

介绍无人机遥感影像获取、纠正、配准及可视化管理的关键技术与系统研发.论文设计无人机影像获取及三维可视化管理系统的框架结构,包括航迹规划、无人机影像获取、影像预处理及三维可视化4个子系统;讨论了基于高分辨率遥感影像的无人机影像配准、无人机影像的空间索引管理、基于四叉树的影像金字塔及细节层次模型等关键技术.基于自主研发的虚拟地理环境数字地球平台(VGE-3DGJobeEanh),构建了汶川地震应急三维可视化遥感影像管理系统,在"5·12"汶川地震的救援与次生灾害应急中进行了实践应用.同时该系统可继续服务于汶川地震灾后重建的信息共享管理、发布以及空间决策支持.     

Accuracy assessment of lidar-derived digital elevation models

Despite the relatively high cost of airborne lidar-derived digital elevation models (DEMs), such products are usually presented without a satisfactory associated estimate of accuracy. For the most part, DEM accuracy estimates are typically provided by comparing lidar heights against a finite sample of check point coordinates from an independent source of higher accuracy, supposing a normal distribution of the derived height differences or errors. This paper proposes a new methodology to assess the vertical accuracy of lidar DEMs using confidence intervals constructed from a finite sample of errors computed at check points. A non-parametric approach has been tested where no particular error distribution is assumed, making the proposed methodology especially applicable to non-normal error distributions of the type usually found in DEMs derived from lidar. The performance of the proposed model was experimentally validated using Monte Carlo simulation on 18 vertical error data-sets. Fifteen of these data-sets were computed from original lidar data provided by the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Working Group III/3, using their respective filtered reference data as ground truth. The three remaining data-sets were provided by the Natural Environment Research Council's Airborne Research and Survey Facility lidar system, together with check points acquired using high precision kinematic GPS. The results proved promising, the proposed models reproducing the statistical behaviour of vertical errors of lidar using a favourable number of check points, even in the cases of data-sets with non-normally distributed residuals. This research can therefore be considered as a potentially important step towards improving the quality control of lidar-derived DEMs.     

Applications of Lodrigues Matrix in 3D Coordinate Transformation

Three transformation models (Bursa-Wolf, Molodensky, and WTUSM) are generally used between two data systems transformation. The linear models are used when the rotation angles are small; however, when the rotation angles get bigger, model errors will be produced. In this paper, we present a method with three main terms: ① the traditional rotation angles θ , φ ,ψ are substituted with a , b, c which are three re-spective values in the anti-symmetrical or Lodrigues matrix; ② directly and accurately calculating the formula of seven parameters in any value of rotation angles; and ③ a corresponding adjustment model is established. This method does not use the triangle function. Instead it uses addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, and the complexity of the equation is reduced, making the calculation easy and quick.     

鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起区东部微烃渗漏区的遥感识别及其意义

微烃渗漏遥感探测的机理主要是建立在烃类微渗漏异常地球化学表征和形成的基础上。本文主要依据Schum acher(1996)和Saunders等(1999)提出的烃类微渗漏异常地球化学原理和模型,以鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起东部为研究区,以多光谱遥感和航空放射性遥感为探测手段,分别利用氧化铁指数(TM3/TM1)、亚铁指数(TM5/TM4)和黏土化指数(TM5/TM7)来识别Fe3 氧化物、Fe2 氧化物和有机质、黏土化和碳酸盐化的相对富集区,同时用矿物组合图像来增强显示上述信息。综合亚铁指数(TM5/TM4)分割图像、矿物组合图像、航放铀、钍、钾信息及钍归一化铀指数等信息,提取了研究区微烃渗漏地段。研究表明,研究区存在两条Fe2 氧化物和有机质相对富集区带。一条为与库布齐沙漠走向近于一致的北部近东西向带,它与石油部门发现和描述的油气渗漏区域基本一致。另一条为泊海子—准召—新庙不连续的北西向带,它的北界与泊海子—准召断裂展布基本一致。在垂直中部北西向微烃渗漏带的剖面上,清晰显示亚铁指数(Fe2 )、航放测量铀(U)、钍归一化铀(Ud)为正异常;氧化铁指数(Fe3 )、航放测量总道值(Tc)和钾(K)、钍归一化(Kd)为负异常的特点。研究认为地表还原带是由油气微渗漏形成的,推测受断裂、裂隙带控制的、主要由油气微渗漏形成的还原带对东胜铀矿带形成聚集起了重要作用。     

Small-world characteristics on transportation networks: a perspective from network autocorrelation

Studies on small-world networks have received intensive interdisciplinary attention during the past several years. It is well-known among researchers that a small-world network is often characterized by high connectivity and clustering, but so far there exist few effective approaches to evaluate small-world properties, especially for spatial networks. This paper proposes a method to examine the small-world properties of spatial networks from the perspective of network autocorrelation. Two network autocorrelation statistics, Moran’s I and Getis–Ord’s G, are used to monitor the structural properties of networks in a process of “rewiring” networks from a regular to a random network. We discovered that Moran’s I and Getis–Ord’s G tend to converge and have relatively low values when properties of small-world networks emerge. Three transportation networks at the national, metropolitan, and intra-city levels are analyzed using this approach. It is found that spatial networks at these three scales possess small-world properties when the correlation lag distances reach certain thresholds, implying that the manifestation of small-world phenomena result from the interplay between the network structure and the dynamics taking place on the network.