Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation based on corrected TRMM data around the Hexi Corridor, China

Accurate rainfall distribution is difficult to acquire based on limited meteorological stations, especially in remote areas like high mountains and deserts. The Hexi Corridor and its adjacent regions （including the Qilian Mountains and the Alxa Plateau） are typical districts where there are only 30 available rain gauges. Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission （TRMM） data provide a possible solution. After precision analysis of monthly 0.25 degree resolution TRMM 3B43 data from 1998 to 2012, we find that the correlations between TRMM 3B43 estimates and rain gauge precipitation are significant overall and in each station around the Hexi Corridor; however, the biases of annual precipitation differ in different stations and are seriously overestimated in most of the sites. Thus, Inverse Distance Weighting （IDW） interpolation method was used to rectify TRMM data based on the difference between TRMM 3B43 estimates and rain gauge observations. The results show that rectified TRMM data present more details than rain gauges in remote areas where there are few stations, alt- hough they show high coherence of distribution. Precipitation decreases from southeast to northwest on an annual and seasonal scale. There are three rainfall centers （〉500 mm） including Menyuan, Qilian and Toson Lake, and two low rain- fall centers （〈50 mm） including Dunhuang and Ejin Banner. Meanwhile, precipitation in most of the study area presents an increasing trend; especially in northern Qilian Mountains （〉5 mm/a）, Badain Jaran Desert （〉2 mm/a）, Toson Lake （〉20 mm/a） and Qingtu Lake （〉20 ram/a） which shows a significant increasing trend, while precipitation in Hala Lake （〈-2 mm/a） and Tengger Desert （〈-3 mm/a） demonstrates a decreasing trend.     

提高规则网格最短路径方法反射波走时计算精度的走时校正技术

最短路径射线追踪方法是计算地震波走时的主要方法之一,该方法基于惠更斯原理和费玛原理,具有稳健、适于复杂介质模型的优点.为处理方便,最短路径方法中的介质模型通常以规则网格进行剖分,界面节点(界面与网格的交点)以其邻近的模型单元节点(即边界单元节点)近似表示.界面近似将导致计算误差,对于反射波尤为严重.反射波的走时精度可通过减小网格的尺寸提高,但这样会大大增加计算时间,为高精度和高效率地计算地震反射波走时,我们提出了一种基于规则网格的走时校正技术.地震波传播至或起始于边界单元节点的走时校正为地震波传播至或起始于该边界单元节点所对应的界面节点的走时.数值模型计算结果表明,走时校正方法可使反射波的走时精度提高约1～2个数量级,而其计算时间则和常规算法基本上在相同量级.     

Simulation of rainfall-runoff and watershed convergence process in the upper reaches of Heihe River Basin,July 2002

The watershed flow concentration scheme in the distributed hydrology-soil- vegetation model (DHSVM) is coupled with the mesoscale atmospheric model MM5 version 3.5, in which the Oregen States University land surface model (OSULSM) was involved. The flood event which happened in July 2002 in the upper reaches of Heihe river basin is simulated and the surface flow convergence process is shown with this coupled model. It has been concluded that times water head reaches each place of the basin are different. Water amount at each point is split-flow proportionally as the drops in elevation between it and neighbor points. Large part of the water amount pass away in greater slope direction and small part pass away in smaller slope one. Adding of the slope convergence makes the atmospheric model redistributes the surface water laterally.

     

The potential of contribution of mangrove-derived organic matter in intertidal sediments as a proxy of mangrove development in the northern Beibu Gulf

University of Maryland, College Park     

Distribution of biomass of heterotrophic bacterioplankton in the Bohai Sea

Distribution, variation and impact factors of biomass of bacterioplankton from April to May 1999 in Bohai Sea were studied in DAPI method with epifluorescence microscopy. The biomass in surface waters showed a small day-night variation, varying from 0.13 to 2.51μg/dm^3 with an average of 0.84μg/dm^3. The biomass in bottom waters showed, however, a large variation, changing from 0.15 to 4.18μg/dm^3 with an average of 1.36μg/dm^3. The peak values occurred at 5 and 11 a.m. The bottom water biomass showed a significant correlation with particulate organic carbon （r=0.639, P〈0.05）. Heterotrophic bacterioplankton biomass was high in nearshore waters and low in offshore areas with a high biomass zone around Huanghe （Yellow） River mouth, showing the same distribution of nutrients. In vertical distribution, heterotrophic bacteria biomass in bottom waters was higher than that in surface water.     

东风盐场卤水中可溶性糖的研究Ⅱ、盐田卤水中可溶性糖的来源、消耗及其调控方法初探

本文研究了东风盐场不同盐度的卤水中可溶性糖的变化及其与微藻优势种的组成和细胞数量之间的关系，卤虫对可溶性糖的调节作用及嗜盐菌对可溶性糖的消耗。结果表明，可溶性糖在低卤区和硅藻、甲藻等微藻密切相关，在中、高卤区与蓝藻和盐藻等密切相关，卤水中的卤虫能通过滤食微藻而有效地控制卤水中可溶性糖的浓度，在结晶卤水中接种嗜盐菌能有效地降解卤水中的可溶性糖，从而达到提高盐质的目的。     

用速率面拟合法进行地壳水平形变模型的研究

速率面拟合法已应用于地壳垂直形变模型分析，本文利用这一曲面拟合理论研究了地壳水平形变模型，详细推导了相应的公式，并进行了模拟试算。     

RUN AMS IN ENGLISH WELL

The Chinese Meteorological Society (CMS) is a civil academic organization for meteorologists.Being a major academic journal of CMS,AMS is widely represented and greatly advanced. Since 1925 when it started publication in Chinese,it has always been a first class advanced academic journal.     

微波爆发中具有双峰结构的准周期振荡的初步分析

本文分析了1989年3月9日,11日,13日与AR5395产生的耀斑成协的,叠加在2cm微波爆发上的具有双峰结构的准周期振荡.利用磁流环结合的非线性不稳定性机制,对等离子体和磁场相互作用的过程进行了定性的分析,并计算了几个有关的参数.最后进行了简单的讨论.     

1–100 μm energy spectra and 2.3–4 μm spectrophotometry of MSC stars

The JHKL' photometry and 2.3–4 μm spectrophotometry of some M giants, S type stars and carbon stars are presented in this paper. It is found that in combination with IRAS data, the energy spectra in 1–100 μm of S type stars are intermediate between those of M giants and carbon stars, which are obviously different. The spectrophotometry in the near infrared shows that, besides carbon stars, which have HCN and C₂H₂ strong absorptions at 3.1 μm, some S type stars have the similar but weaker absorption in the same spectral region. However, no trace of any absorption at 3.1 μm can be seen in M giants. These results probably provide more evidence for the M-S-C sequence in the late stage of stellar evolution.