放射性同位素比值鉴别异常

本文总结了用放射性同位素比值方法对铀矿化(点)和综合异常进行鉴别和评价的应用效果,指出该方法对鉴别地表异常的真假、评价铀呈矿现象有独到之处。     

SSQ-1 Digital Tape Recording Horizontal Pendulum Tiltmeter

The SSQ-1 Digital Tape Recording Horizontal Pendulum Tiltmeter is an instrument of high sensitivity to detect the changes of ground tilt. It uses a quartz horizontal pendulum held by Z?llner bifilar suspension to sense vertical displacement, the eddy-current transducer on the pendulum converts its displacements into electric signals. Then a microcomputer is used for data acquisition and printing as well as digit tape recording. And at the same time, a filtering pen recorder is used for visible recording. The scale value of the instrument is calibrated by computer using the known tilt angle of the bulging plate — mercury cup. The scale value is 0.3–0.5 m(″)/mV. The following are the testing results for the earth tide observation obtained from the east-west component at Baijiatan Seismic Station, Beijing: r(O₁): 0.6490±0.0179 α(O₁): −3.83°±1.58° r(K₁): 0.8049±0.0128 α(K₁): 1.40°±0.90° r(M₂): 0.6699±0.0040 α(M₂): −0.27°±0.34° r(S₂): 0.7316±0.0075 α(S₂): 2.83°±0.58° r(M₃): 0.8497±0.0964 α(M₃): 1.61°±6.51° The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 353–359, 1993. In this work also participated Mr. Huai-Wen PAN and Wei-Jin ZHANG. And we here give special thanks to Yun-Zao XI, Qin-Wen XI, Bo-Xong TANG, Yi-Hui CHEN and An-Xu WU for their kind help in the development and test of the instrument. This paper is translated by Mr. Zhong ZHENG.     

Seismic hazard analysis for a spatial linearly distributed system

The models currently used in the seismic evaluation of important projects, microzoning and seismic zonation are all for site. Although seismic hazard analysis have been done for many sites in seismic zonation and microzoning, relationship among sites is not considered in the final results. Studies show that it is impossible to get total hazard for specific area from the results of the hazard analysis of sites. So, when we consider the total seismic hazard of a specific spatial distributed system, methods for site are not enough. Author discussed the relation and the difference between system hazard and segments hazard which form the system and proposed a seismic hazard analysis model taking spatial linear distributed series and parallel system as an example. In aseismic design and earthquake disaster prevention decision, not only the seismic hazard of segments of the system but also the total seismic hazard of the system should be considered. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 347–352, 1993.     

Study on terrestiral noise in data of geomagnetic total field in North China

The terrestrial noise in the differencial data of geomagnetic total field recorded at 21h in North China was fitted by using the geomagnetic vector data from Beijing Observatory. The terrestrial noise level and its spatial feature in this region was discussed. A method, which may be useful for justifying the quality of fitting, was provided in this paper. The analysis indicates that the terrestrial noise is one of the important noise in tectonomagnetic study. It is shown that the susceptibility effect is quite small and the orientation effect is the main component in the terrestrial noise in North China. The rough spatial feature of the magnetic anomaly in crustal substance was infered from the spatial feature of terrestrial noise. The measurement precision and the source noise level of data at 21h in this region were obtained in the analysis of residual noise. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 441–447, 1993.     

中国大陆及邻区大震的远距离相关现象

本文根据中国大陆及边邻M_S≥7.0地震活动的时空特点,讨论了大地震活动的远程关联现象,划分了6个相关地带。根据本文所划分的诸相关地带,可以对所研究地区大地震的活动形势作出大致的估计。     

华北断块区地震幕与气温异常

本文利用1951-1980年期间中国气温资料研究了1966-1976年间华北断块区地震幕活动与1960年2月-1977年1月气温异常之间的关系。主要结论如下:1.华北断块及其邻近地区1960年2月天气异常增温到1977年1月天气异常降温过程与地震幕活动开始和结束的时间相关联;1967年5月、1973年1月、1975年9月和1976年2月的气温异常与该地震幕中1969年7月18日渤海7.4、1975年2月4日海城7.3和1976年7月28日唐山7.8级三次地震密切相关。2.气温异常时问和异常范围之间以及它们与地震能量之间都有较高的可信度,表明气温异常与地震幕之间有成因上的联系。3.从1960年2月气温异常开始到1976年7月28日唐山7.8级地震发生时的16.5年可按0.618~N划分为18个时段,4次7.0级以上地震和5次气温异常发生的时间恰好位于某几个时间段上。     

新地震区划图的几个基本问题

我国新的地震区划图(1990年版)是采用地震危险性慨率分析方法编制的。该图给出的是场点地震烈度值,该值在50年内被突破的概率为0.1。人们普遍关注该图与我国曾经编制的地震区划图(1957年版,1977年版)的区别,该图超越概率概念的内含和外延以及超越概率水平为什么采用50年超越概率0.1。本文围绕这些问题进行了讨论。分析结果表明,前两张地震区划图编图的基本着眼点都是地震预测,而新的地震区划着眼于场点的地震动预测。新的地震区划图是按场点地震危险性分析方法给出的,它所表示的地震危险性只能针对具体的场点,不能完全反映区域的地震危险性特征。而弄清场点地震危险性和区域地震危险性的差异是正确进行区域防灾对策的基础。作者希望这些讨论能对正确使用新的地震区划图有所裨益。     

大同—阳高Ms5.8级地震前S波分裂异常变化

本文利用北京白家疃台数字地震记录资料探讨了1989年10月19日大同一阳高Ms5.8级地震S波分裂异常变化,所用方法为极化矢量转向法,即偏振分析法。初步结果表明,这次地震前(约从1988年9月开始)曾出现过S波分裂异常。震前快S波偏振优势取向为北东向,符合华北地区主压应力方向为北东向和北北东向的特征。由此得到,在北京与大同之间,地壳中直立平行排列裂隙取向亦为这一方向。本文结果说明,利用近震(200km左右)数字化记录可发现较大地震前S波分裂异常现象,增大了把S波分裂法应用于地震预报的可行性。最后,对比了近震与S波窗口内S波偏振的不同特征。     

2016年度呼图壁地下天然储气库对周缘微地震活动性的影响

呼图壁储气库是中国目前存储量最大的天然气储气库,位于新疆准噶尔盆地南缘,北天山山前坳陷带内的呼图壁背斜上.储气库靠近百万人口大城市乌鲁木齐,气库的注放气活动对其周缘地震活动的长期影响是事关生产和生活的重要安全问题.本文以呼图壁储气库为中心,在86.5°E—87.5°E,43.5°N—44.5°N的范围内,基于新疆维吾尔自治区地震局在该区域建立的密集流动台阵数据,应用模板匹配滤波技术对2016年全年的波形数据进行搜索识别,检测到遗漏地震事件151个,完善扩充了原有地震目录,使得该区域完备震级由1.1降到约0.7.通过分析新目录中404个地震的时空分布规律,我们发现2016年,即气库建成第三年以后,储气库的气压变化依然会影响周缘地区的地震活动.当储气库的气压增大到超过约22 MPa的阈值后,较小的气压波动也会导致该区域地震活动性明显增强;气压变化对距储气库中心最远约40 km范围内区域的地震活动存在较为明显的影响.     

利用GPS观测结果研究华北地区现今构造应力场

根据１９９２年和１９９５年两期ＧＰＳ测量结果所获得的位移场和应变场,结合丰富的地质资料,利用有限元方法对华北地区现今构造应力场进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明：华北地区现今构造应力场主压应力方向为ＮＥＥ,其边界力除受ＮＥ５５°～ＳＷ２３５°方向的压应力作用外,同时还受到ＳＥ１２０°～ＮＷ３００°方向的拉张力作用,其中ＮＥ－ＳＷ的压应力量值较大,约为ＳＥ－ＮＷ向拉应力的两倍,这个结果与震源机制解所获得的应力场方向基本一致。这一应力场状态是两种动力学过程的叠加：一是印度板块和太平洋板块的挤压,其中来自印度板块的作用力最大,约为太平洋板块作用力的１．５倍;另一个是因地幔隆起而产生的ＮＷ－ＳＥ向的水平拉张力。