采样数据密度及栅格尺寸对高程中误差的影响分析

利用全数字摄影测量得到的高精度点数据,获取不同密度的点数据,建立基于ANUDEM和TIN方法的两种DEM,比较两种DEM的高程中误差,分析数据密度、栅格尺寸与高程中误差的关系。研究结果表明,建立1∶100 00比例尺,具有高程中误差2m左右、栅格尺寸5m以下的ANUDEM,需要的点密度水平为大于7 000个/km2,而TINDEM则为8 500个/km2。同时,当栅格尺寸小于20m、数据密度介于7 000～9 400个/km2时,无论是ANUDEM还是TINDEM,高程中误差都处于一个较稳定的状态。     

空间线群目标相似度计算模型研究

以空间线群目标的空间统计特征为基础,对线群目标的空间关系和几何特征进行了描述。利用拓扑关系概念邻域图定义线群之间的拓扑关系相似度,利用方向均值定义线群之间的方向关系相似度以及利用"环形方差"定义线群目标之间的距离相似度。结合线群的长度和平均长度、线群密度及线群曲折度,建立了线群目标相似度计算模型,对线群目标相似度进行了整体度量。实验结果表明,相似度计算结果与地物特征比较一致,符合人们的直观认知。     

基于Lucene的测绘资料信息管理系统的设计与实现

针对水利水电工程测量项目中测绘资料应用与管理的矛盾,基于Lucene全文检索引擎,利用Preparators插件技术,开发了更新方便、查询简单、管理便捷、性能高效的测绘资料信息管理系统,有效实现了测绘资料从采集处理到查询管理整个流程的制度化和智能化。     

利用高分辨率航天遥感影像实现城市3维可视化

利用高分辨率遥感影像提取地物数据，并采取面向对象的空间数据模型对数据进行管理，使用虚拟现实技术对城市景观进行3维重建，然后利用有理函数数学模型表示遥感影像与地面之间的构像关系。使用纹理映射技术，构建具有高度真实感的城市3维景观图。     

Study on Polarized Spectral Characteristics of Soil with Different Water Content

Moisture is one of the important parameters in soil polarized spectrum. It has great significance in soil remote sensing band selection and image interpretation; it also provides the information for soil investigation and analysis on physical and chemical properties. In this paper we tested and analyzed the soil polarized spectrum with different moisture in 350?~?2,500 nm wavelength, to study on the relationship between soil polarized spectral data and moisture, to determine the spectral response and changes in soil moisture, and establish models between spectral data and soil moisture. We also designed a orthogonal test on the various factors that affect soil polarized spectral characteristics, in which we studied soil moisture, polarized angle, detected angle and azimuth of the various factors and their interactions. The results showed it was most significant that the soil moisture and the interaction of soil moisture and polarized angle, followed by the interaction effect of detected angle and moisture, while the polarized angle had a little impact on the soil polarized spectrum.     

嫦娥3号巡视探测器桅杆的转动角度误差检校

嫦娥3号巡视探测器桅杆的展开机构、偏航机构和俯仰机构在转动过程中存在系统性的偏差,这些误差影响了巡视探测器导航定位、地形恢复和路径规划的精度.针对这一问题,文章提出了一种间接平差模型,通过真实数据试验证明该方法能够用于对嫦娥3号巡视探测器桅杆的转动角度误差进行检校,并且具有很高的精度和稳定性.     

Geostatistical approaches to refinement of digital elevation data

Data refinement refers to the processes by which a dataset’s resolution, in particular, the spatial one, is refined, and is thus synonymous to spatial downscaling. Spatial resolution indicates measurement scale and can be seen as an index for regular data support. As a type of change of scale, data refinement is useful for many scenarios where spatial scales of existing data, desired analyses, or specific applications need to be made commensurate and refined. As spatial data are related to certain data support, they can be conceived of as support-specific realizations of random fields, suggesting that multivariate geostatistics should be explored for refining datasets from their coarser-resolution versions to the finer-resolution ones. In this paper, geostatistical methods for downscaling are described, and were implemented using GTOPO30 data and sampled Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data at a site in northwest China, with the latter’s majority grid cells used as surrogate reference data. It was found that proper structural modeling is important for achieving increased accuracy in data refinement; here, structural modeling can be done through proper decomposition of elevation fields into trends and residuals and thereafter. It was confirmed that effects of semantic differences on data refinement can be reduced through properly estimating and incorporating biases in local means.     

Mapping spiny aster infestations with QuickBird imagery

QuickBird satellite imagery acquired in June 2003 and September 2004 was evaluated for detecting the noxious weed spiny aster [Leucosyris spinosa (Benth.) Greene] on a south Texas, USA rangeland area. A subset of each of the satellite images representing a diversity of cover types was extracted and used as a study site. The satellite imagery had a spatial resolution of 2.8 m and contained 11-bit data. Unsupervised and supervised classification techniques were used to classify false colour composite (green, red, and near-infrared bands) images of the study site. Imagery acquired in June was superior to that obtained in September for distinguishing spiny aster infestations. This was attributed to differences in spiny aster phenology between the two dates. An unsupervised classification of the June image showed that spiny aster had producer's and user's accuracies of 90% and 93.1%, respectively, whereas a supervised classification of the June image had producer's and user's accuracies of 90% and 81.8%, respectively. These results indicate that high resolution satellite imagery coupled with image analysis techniques can be used successfully for detecting spiny aster infestations on rangelands.     

客运专线轨检小车测量控制系统研究与开发

针对国内某轨检小车研发项目,采用模块化的程序设计集成开发环境Microsoft Visual Studio.NET,开发出了一套功能完善的高速铁路轨道检测控制系统。该系统以高速铁路精密定轨测量原理方法为基础,采用模块化的程序设计思路,实现了轨道检测数据的自动采集、自动记录、自动数据分析和平差处理、成果显示和自动检核等功能。工程应用实践表明,该检测系统运行稳定可靠,检测精度高,具有一定的实用性和推广价值。     

WebGIS中的安全防范研究

WebGIS已成为GIS发展的主流方向,在要求更大范围的数据共享和业务协作的同时,还要求更高的安全防范。分析WebGIS应用中常见的安全隐患,并从Web服务器、WebGIS应用程序和数据库服务等方面,探讨如何提高WebGIS应用系统的安全性。