Preliminary study on concentrations and size distribution of marine aerosols over the East China Sea

In summer and winter, 1987,and in spring and autumn, 1988, the concentrations and size distribution of marine aerosols were measured over the East China Sea and the South Japan Sea. This paper deals with the study on the seasonal variation of the marine aerosols with the meteorological parameters, the differences and the relations between the marine and continental aerosols. The results show that the marine aerosol concentrations and size distribution over the East China Sea have distinct seasonal change characteristics, which may be attributed to the East Asian atmospheric circulation. The size distribution is discussed by using a three-parameter size distribution model.     

人工皮在烧伤创面的应用

16例烧伤病人应用CHIMEHERB人工皮覆盖26个创面,其中浅Ⅱ°及部分深Ⅱ°创面11个,深Ⅲ°削痂创面10个,切削痂覆盖自体网状皮创面5个,与辐照猪皮对照观察,临床获得较好效果.认为在有效的清创及正确的创面处理下覆盖人工皮能减少创面渗出,有利创面愈合.作为一种新型的生物性敷料,无同种异体皮或异种皮移植时的排异现象,但其本身不具抗菌能力.     

围隔生态系内富营养引起赤潮的初步研究

1990年5月12日—7月底,在厦门国家海洋局第三海洋研究所的陆基水池中,进行了一次对厦门西海域水体富营养而引发赤潮的围隔实验。实验结果表明,在厦门西海域已经处于中营养水平的水质条件下,只要光照充足,水体相对稳定,如果再连续不断地供给充足的营养盐,就可能引起浮游植物的水华或赤潮;可溶性活性磷的含量不仅仅影响厦门西海域正常年份的浮游植物春季水华,对赤潮的兴衰也起控制作用。     

Processing Multibeam Backscatter Data

A new highly precise source of data has recently become available using multibeam sonar systems in hydrography. Multibeam sonar systems can provide hydrographic quality depth data as well as high-resolution seafloor sonar images. We utilize the seafloor backscatter strength data of each beam from multibeam sonar and the automatic classification technology so that we can get the seafloor type identification maps. In this article, analyzing all kinds of error effects in backscatter strength, data are based on the relationship between backscatter strength and seafloor types. We emphasize particularly analyzing the influences of local bottom slope and near nadir reflection in backscatter strength data. We also give the correction algorithms and results of these two influent factors. After processing the raw backscatter strength data and correcting error effects, we can get processed backscatter strength data which reflect the features of seafloor types only. Applying the processed backscatter strength data and mosaicked seafloor sonar images, we engage in seafloor classification and geomorphy interpretation in future research.     

南沙群岛海域沉积物古地磁参数对米兰科维奇周期的响应

对南沙群岛海域８７－１１柱样天然剩余磁化强度（ＮＲＭ）及９０－１０３柱样ＮＲＭ、磁化率（ｘ）、剩磁倾角（Ⅰ）等的功率谱分析表明：晚更新世以来该区沉积物的古地磁参数较好地反映了古气候、古环境的变化，响应着古气候变化的米兰科维奇天文学周期；在周期成分中，以地球轨道偏心率周期（ｅ）及岁差周期（ｐ）为主，地轴倾斜度周期（ε）无明显表现，同时获得了与特殊地球位置相关联的岁差半周期成分。研究还表明，古地磁参数存在着明显的对古气候变化的非线性响应，明显不同于开阔大洋；同时，不同的沉积单元，沉积物古地磁参数对古气候变化响应的灵敏度各不相同。     

Analysis of influencing factors on fine sediment flocculation in the Changjiang Estuary

Based on the test data in dynamic water and static water, the main factors, which influence the fine sediment flocculation, are analyzed with a gray model method of correlation theory. It is shown that the main influencing factors are water temperature, settling time, salinity, grain size, sediment concentration and current velocity according to the correlation coefficients. Among them, the salinity and the sediment grain size are critical type influencing factors (CrTIF); the settling time, the sediment concentration and the velocity are continuous type influencing factors (CoTIF); and the water temperature has the characteristics of both. When the critical values of CrTIF are reached or exceeded, the fine sediments will be flocculated, but values of CrTIF will not influence the settlement strength of floes. The influence of CoTIF is continuous. The values of the CoTIF will not only influence the occurrence of flocculation but also the settlement strength of the floes.     

Paleomagnetism and paleoclimate change in the South China Sea since the late Pleistocene

Signal processing techniques of cross-correlation, power spectral analysis and cross-power spectral analysis are used to determine the relationships between paleomagnetic properties and the oxygen isotope record of the South China Sea during the late Pleistocene. On the basis of correlation tests between the δ18O time series of cores V3 and A15 with the paleomagnetic properties of core SCS01, five events of susceptibility and intensity of natural remanent magnetization are identified as glacial events corresponding to δ18O positive events. The magnetic properties of the sediments which are independent of the geomagnetic field are sensitive climatic indicators which have frequencies corresponding to the Milankovitch orbital parameters.     

青藏高原盐湖卤水中溴的分布特征及来源初探

溴是完备工业体系的关键必备元素。盐湖卤水是溴的重要来源。青藏高原盐湖众多,富含钾、锂、硼等资源元素,开发潜力巨大。然而,目前针对青藏高原盐湖溴浓度、分布特征及其物源的研究仍然薄弱。本次研究采集了26个青藏高原盐湖表卤水样品并分析其溴浓度,进一步总结其他64个已报道盐湖数据,系统分析了青藏高原盐湖溴浓度分布特征,并进一步探讨了溴的可能物源。结果表明:青藏高原盐湖表卤水溴分布在0.5～246.8 mg/L之间,平均为41.1 mg/L,其中,碳酸盐型盐湖卤水平均溴浓度最高(47.0 mg/L),且集中分布在高原南部,而氯化物型盐湖平均溴浓度最低(30.1mg/L),盐湖溴浓度呈现自南向北降低的趋势;青藏高原盐湖中溴有多种来源,高原南部富溴盐湖溴的来源可能主要与热泉补给有关,而柴达木盆地盐湖高溴来源可能主要与深部地层水(如油田水、背斜构造裂隙孔隙水、砂砾孔隙卤水、气田水等)补给有关。     

A nonlinear interface structural damage model between ice crystal and frozen clay soil

The shear properties of ice-frozen soil interface are important when studying the constitutive model of frozen soil and slope stability in cold regions. In this research, a series of cryogenic direct shear tests for ice-frozen clay soil interface were conducted. Based on experimental results, a nonlinear interface structural damage model is proposed to describe the shear properties of ice-frozen clay soil interface. Firstly, the cementation and friction structural properties of frozen soil materials were analyzed, and a structural parameter of the ice-frozen clay soil interface is proposed based on the cryogenic direct shear test results. Secondly, a structural coefficient ratio is proposed to describe the structural development degree of ice-frozen clay soil interface under load, which is able to normalize the shear stress of ice-frozen clay soil interface,and the normalized data can be described by the Duncan-Chang model. Finally, the tangent stiffness of ice-frozen clay soil interface is calculated, which can be applied to the mechanics analysis of frozen soil. Also, the shear stress of ice-frozen clay soil interface calculated by the proposed model is compared with test results.     

琼北玄武岩建造区域岩石—土壤体系化学元素垂向分布规律

土壤由岩石风化而来,岩石—土壤是一个密切联系的体系,是地球系统科学中与人类关系最为密切的一部分。为调查研究地质建造单元岩石—土壤体系（简称：岩土体系）中的物质组成演化特征,我们必须选择原地风化的残积物出露区域来完成土壤垂向剖面采样。本文以海南岛区域生态地质背景调查项目的资料数据为基础,科学阐述了残积物剖面的确定方法,并依据琼北玄武岩垂向剖面地球化学数据,总结出如下结论：垂向剖面SiO2含量呈现出土壤表层A层和岩石的高,土壤B、C层含量低的“凹”字型特征,与Al2O3含量变化趋势相反（“凸”字型）,两个代表性组分存在明显的负相关性,其他组分根据其亲和性,与该两种组分协同变化,部分受表层活动影响较大的元素,例如有机质、I等部分微量元素,则不具有该规律,土壤表层（A、B层）与深层（C层）、岩石中差别通常较大。