正态化克立格法在路腊汞矿储量计算中的应用

正态化克立格法是对传统储量计算方法的改革和创新。其计算过程的科学性和计算结果的正确性在路腊汞矿作了探采对比试算，取得了良好的结果。     

新疆伊犁盆地侏罗纪煤岩特征及煤相

应用煤岩学方法，探讨了新疆伊犁盆地侏罗纪煤的煤岩特征及煤相划分，将煤相划分为９种类型即干燥森林沼泽相，潮湿森林沼泽相，草木混生型沼泽相或芦苇沼炭沼泽相。通过煤相分析，为伊犁盆地成煤环境的研究提供了佐证。     

Geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of basalts from eastern Jiangnan orogen, South China

The basalts crop out widely in the eastern part of late Proterozoic Jiangnan orogen. In terms of their petrographical and geochemical characteristics, they can be divided into two distinct types: low- and high-Ti. basalts. They crystallized from the magmas derived from the depleted upper mantle differing in partial melting degree. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

雅砻江畔雅江县城区地质灾害特征及其防治对策

四川省雅江县城座落于雅砻江河畔。在城区０．８４ｋｍ＾２范围内发育有城南滑坡，城区斜 地面变形、城东危岩和城北滑坡四大地质灾害单元，构成了较为罕见的雅江县城独特的地质灾害特征。论述了雅江县城稆种地质这为害的特征及危害性，并对各咱地质灾害单元按其轻重缓解提出相的防治措施和对策。     

Bio-climatic imprints on a Holocene loess palaeosol from China

Micromorphology, heavy minerals, pollen and soil properties were examined in a typical Holocene loess profile in the north of the Loess Plateau, consisting of a palaeosol (locally known as the Ansai palaeosol) underlain by the Malan loess and overlain by modern loess. The palaeosol consists of an upper humus-rich (AB) horizon over a clay-rich (Bt) horizon. The humus-rich horizon is intensely weathered, contains precipitated calcitic material derived from the overlying modern loess, and has both high pollen content and diversity. Clay coatings in the clay-rich horizon indicate formation by eluviation–illuviation of clay. Pedogenetic characteristics and pollen analysis imply that the vegetation during the time of most intensive soil development is likely to have been a warm-temperate forest. A complex interpretation of the loess–palaeosol sequence recognizes several development stages. The phase of soil development, maximum and minimum limiting ages for which are ca. 8800 and 4400 ¹⁴C years BP, involved continuing but reduced loess deposition, and successive Holocene bio-climatic environment overprinted new features on the palaeosol.     

Origin of Natural Gas in Kekeya Field, Tarim Basin, China

This paper is mainly concentrated on the geochemical characteristics and origin of gas of Kekeya field in the Tarim basin, NW China. This study shows that Permian mudstone is the main source rock of oil and gas. Based on the carbon isotopes of C1--C4, the carbon isotope of gas in Kekeya field is a little heavier than that in the typical marine-derived gas. The relationship between carbon isotopes of methane and ethane is coincident with Faber equation of gas derived from organic matter Ⅰ/Ⅱ. The majority of gas maturity is estimated, based on the formula, at 1.8%-2.2% besides K2 and K18 wells. In addition, the gas derived from 0.9%-1.2% Ro source rocks may also bemixture. ^40Ar/^36Ar and ^3He/^4He ratios from the gas samples also support the mixing process. Moreover, the gas in this region is mainly generated from more mature source rocks although the low mature gas exists.     

塔城市一次暴雪天气的分析

2003年2月22日塔城市出现一次暴雪天气过程。文章着重分析了此次天气过程的高空环流形势、地面形势、T—Td等，指出暖湿气流是造成暴雪的主要原因。     

AHP及模糊综合评判法在路基长期稳定性评价中的应用

根据对一低液限粉土路基的现场工程地质调查及检测,确定了影响该路基长期稳定性的主要影响因素,并结合AHP法,应用两级模糊综合评判的方法对该路基的长期稳定性进行了评价。     

On Tension Failure of 2-D Rock Specimens and Associated Acoustic Emission

Summary To understand the failure mechanism of quasi-brittle materials like rock under tensile stress, observations on the failure process of granite and marble plate specimens under tension are summarized and presented. Micro- and macro-failure properties of rock plates under uniaxial tension have been characterized by using an acoustic emission technique. Acoustic emission signals associated with micro-fractures are captured to locate the sources. An algorithm based on arrival time difference is developed for this purpose. The results reveal clearly the failure processes of rock which include initiation, nucleation and propagation of micro-fractures when the axial stress is close to the peak strength of rock. It is believed that the difference in heterogeneity between granite and marble specimens leads to different fracture shapes and different behaviors of associated acoustic emissions. Numerical simulation of acoustic emissions for two-dimensional tensile test is also carried out. The simulated characteristics are in good agreement with the experimental results.     

Adsorption of rare earth elements onto Carrizo sand: Experimental investigations and modeling with surface complexation

Rare earth element (REE) adsorption onto sand from a well characterized aquifer, the Carrizo Sand aquifer of Texas, has been investigated in the laboratory using a batch method. The aim was to improve our understanding of REE adsorption behavior across the REE series and to develop a surface complexation model for the REEs, which can be applied to real aquifer-groundwater systems. Our batch experiments show that REE adsorption onto Carrizo sand increases with increasing atomic number across the REE series. For each REE, adsorption increases with increasing pH, such that when pH >6.0, >98% of each REE is adsorbed onto Carrizo sand for all experimental solutions, including when actual groundwaters from the Carrizo Sand aquifer are used in the experiments. Rare earth element adsorption was not sensitive to ionic strength and total initial REE concentrations in our batch experiments. It is possible that the differences in experimental ionic strength conditions (i.e., 0.002-0.01 M NaCl) chosen were insufficient to affect REE adsorption behavior. However, cation competition (e.g., Ca, Mg, and Zn) did affect REE adsorption onto Carrizo sand, especially for light rare earth elements (LREEs) at low pH. Rare earth element adsorption onto Carrizo sand can be successfully modeled using a generalized two-layer surface complexation model. Our model calculations suggest that REE complexation with strong surface sites of Carrizo sand exceeds the stability of the aqueous complexes LnOH²⁺, LnSO₄⁺, and LnCO₃⁺, but not that of Ln(CO₃)₂^- or LnPO₄^o in Carrizo groundwaters. Thus, at low pH (<7.3), where major inorganic ligands did not effectively compete with surface sites for dissolved REEs, free metal ion (Ln³⁺) adsorption was sufficient to describe REE adsorption behavior. However, at higher pH (>7.3) where solution complexation of the dissolved REEs was strong, REEs were adsorbed not only as free metal ion (Ln³⁺) but also as aqueous complexes (e.g., as Ln(CO₃)₂^- in Carrizo groundwaters). Because heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) were preferentially adsorbed onto Carrizo sand compared to LREEs, original HREE-enriched fractionation patterns in Carrizo groundwaters from the recharge area flattened along the groundwater flow path in the Carrizo Sand aquifer due to adsorption of free- and solution-complexed REEs.