Reducing the Common Environmental Effect on Litopenaeus vannamei Body Weight by Rearing Communally at Early Developmental Stages and Using a Reconstructed Pedigree

Heritability estimates may be severely biased when a large common environmental effect on a family arises from a longlasting separate rearing at early stages(SRES) in traditional selective breeding programs, especially when bred populations have weak genetic ties. Communal rearing at early stages(CRES) may reduce common environmental effect since all families are reared in the same environment immediately after hatching. Here, we compared the effects of CRES and SRES strategies on genetic parameter estimation for harvest body weight in a selective breeding population of Litopenaeus vannamei with a small number of half-sib families. Genetic parameters of each strategy were estimated by using animal models excluding and including the common environmental effect(Model 1 and Model 2, respectively). Heritability estimates for body weight were 0.21 ± 0.06(P 0.05) and 0.69 ± 0.09(P 0.05) for CRES and SRES, respectively, in Model 1, and 0.21 ± 0.06(P 0.05) and 0.52 ± 0.27(P 0.05) in Model 2. The ratio of common environmental variance to phenotypic variance was 0.002 ± 0.000 and 0.071 ± 0.112 for CRES and SRES, respectively. Neither strategy precisely partitioned the common environmental variance according to likelihood ratio test. Lower heritability for body weight in CRES than in SRES implied that a large common environmental variance was confounded with additive genetic variance and was not effectively partitioned in SRES. Moreover, genetic correlation of body weight between the two strategies was 0.75 ± 0.15, indicating that family rankings truly changed. The CRES should be followed in the selective breeding program of shrimp, especially in a population with a shallow pedigree and weak genetic ties between families.     

Analysis of infiltration of 2D trickle irrigation under multiple‐line sources

The analysis of infiltration of 2D trickle irrigation under multiple‐line sources, governed by the celebrated Richards equation, is performed, aiming at determining the efficiency of trickle irrigation so as to reduce the water demand. A closed‐form solution is explicitly obtained by utilizing the Fourier integral transformation, and this serves as a means to compute the distribution of volumetric water content during trickle irrigation. Results for the infiltration of 2D trickle irrigation under single line and multiple‐line sources are presented, which illustrate the distribution of infiltration water that diffuses into the soil, and make it possible to calculate the period of time required for trickle irrigation for different plants. The results can be applied to verify complicated solutions from other numerical models. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

河口红树林湿地CH4通量的日变化研究

甲烷(CH₄)是大气中除CO₂外最为丰富的含碳组分,其浓度以每年0.7%-1.1%的速率递增[1,2].尽管大气CH₄含量仅为CO₂的二百分之一,但却对预计的全球变暖约有20%的贡献率,而CO₂的贡献率约为50%[3,4],由这些数据推算得一个分子的CH₄比一个分子的CO₂(目前最重要的温室气体)的增暖潜值高约80倍.很多研究者对全球大气CH₄的预算结果均表明,湿地是大气CH₄最重要的生物源[5,6],约占全球CH₄源的40%～50%[7].湿地CH₄通量的日变化研究是正确估算大时间尺度下CH₄排放量(如平均年排放量和季节排放量)的基础,因而具有相当的重要性.     

基于CESM气候模式的ENSO后报试验

基于美国国家大气研究中心(NCAR)开发的通用地球系统模式(CESM),本文设计了nudging次表层海温的同化方案,进行了后报实验。对1982-2011年后报结果的分析表明,通过nudging同化,模式对ENSO现象有一定的模拟和预报能力,对赤道太平洋SST、纬向风、降水等海洋、大气要素等的后报结果与GODAS和NCEP再分析资料较接近,可以较好地重现历次厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件中异常东传的过程,超前1、3、6个月时,模式预报的Nio3指数与CPC指数的相关性分别达到0.88、0.81、0.70。但模式同时也表现出一定的春季预报障碍,秋季起报的后报效果最好,春季最差。对1982/1983和1997/1999两个厄尔尼诺事件的分析表明,模式后报的纬向风、热通量、风应力等大气变量的响应较实际滞后,而海洋的变化与实际情况相似,这与我们的同化方案设置有关,即模式只同化了次表层海温,进而强迫大气的响应,从而导致大气的变化较滞后。     

云南普朗斑岩型铜多金属矿床气液隐爆角砾岩的发现及其找矿意义

云南普朗铜多金属矿是格咱岛弧内一个典型的斑岩型矿床,尽管前人对该矿床开展了若干研究,但对于该矿床是否存在叠加成矿作用仍存在争议。研究团队在普朗典型矿床调研过程中,在普朗I号探矿平硐中首次发现了气液隐爆角砾岩。详细的岩相学及矿相学研究表明,隐爆角砾岩角砾为含矿石英二长斑岩,胶结物为细粒石英,且细粒石英中含有黄铜矿连晶。根据气液隐爆角砾岩产出位置及特征推断,隐爆作用系石英二长斑岩就位之后的岩浆活动引起,并伴随成矿作用发生。普朗斑岩型铜多金属矿成矿作用由卡尼阶与诺利阶两个成矿阶段构成,其中铜成矿作用跨越了卡尼阶和诺利阶,而钼成矿始于诺利阶。综合分析指出,普朗矿区深部具有斑岩型钼(铜)多金属矿的找矿潜力。     

Nonlinear fault detection threshold optimization method for RAIM algorithm using a heuristic approach

GPS Solutions - The threshold value used in receiver autonomous integrity monitoring algorithms to identify faults has a significant impact on positioning integrity and GPS/GNSS availability. The...     

闽江口拦门沙整治工程建议

本文根据闽江口内、外拦门沙悬沙动态相关分析的基本结论,提出成套的整治工程建议包括壶江锁坝、五虎-川石锁坝、川石顺坝和梅花顺坝,文中记述各项工程的主要机制和具体的工程效益,供设计部门参考。     

柴达木盆地西部古近系和新近系油田卤水资源水化学特征及化学演化

在柴达木盆地西部一些背斜构造单元的古近系-新近系中,赋存储量巨大的油田卤水,有望成为第四系盐湖卤水的后续利用资源。通过对小梁山、南翼山、油泉子、开特米里克、油墩子、油砂山等典型构造区石油钻孔自喷的油田卤水以及地表盐湖卤水、晶间卤水取样分析,讨论了其水化学特征及资源分布,重点通过与海水、青海湖水蒸发曲线对比,分析了油田卤水的化学演化特征。结果表明,油田卤水中K、B、Li资源远超工业开采品位,Br、Sr等也达到工业开采品位,有优越的高品位综合开发利用前景;油田卤水资源元素富集规律表现为平面上以中部南翼山背斜最为富集,向北、向南相对降低,垂向上深部油田卤水比浅层晶间卤水、湖表卤水资源元素相对更为富集;油田卤水的化学演化主要受控于水岩反应、深部水的混合以及蒸发浓缩和盐岩的溶解作用,这些作用为卤水分异演化、富集成矿提供了良好的地球化学条件。     

Two-dimensional inversion of spectral induced polarization data using MPI parallel algorithm in data space

Traditional two-dimensional (2D) complex resistivity forward modeling is based on Poisson’s equation but spectral induced polarization (SIP) data are the coproducts of the induced polarization (IP) and the electromagnetic induction (EMI) effects. This is especially true under high frequencies, where the EMI effect can exceed the IP effect. 2D inversion that only considers the IP effect reduces the reliability of the inversion data. In this paper, we derive differential equations using Maxwell’s equations. With the introduction of the Cole–Cole model, we use the finite-element method to conduct 2D SIP forward modeling that considers the EMI and IP effects simultaneously. The data-space Occam method, in which different constraints to the model smoothness and parametric boundaries are introduced, is then used to simultaneously obtain the four parameters of the Cole—Cole model using multi-array electric field data. This approach not only improves the stability of the inversion but also significantly reduces the solution ambiguity. To improve the computational efficiency, message passing interface programming was used to accelerate the 2D SIP forward modeling and inversion. Synthetic datasets were tested using both serial and parallel algorithms, and the tests suggest that the proposed parallel algorithm is robust and efficient.