局部大地水准面精化系统软件的设计与实现

给出了局部大地水准面精化系统的总体结构以及各分系统的详细设计与实现方法,开发了旨在对相关重力测量数据实现自动化处理的局部大地水准面精化系统工具软件,并应用于某区域实际大地水准面的精确计算。实践证明,该系统能有效提高相关数据的处理效率,有助于局部大地水准面精化过程的规范化。     

1992年美国加州兰德斯地震——地壳结构不均匀性对地震发生的影响

为了理解地震的发生和地壳结构不均匀性的关系,利用南加州地震台网的固定台和临时台所记录的2863个兰德斯余震和区域地震,共计107401个P波和19624个S波高质量的到时数据,采用地震层析成像方法得到了兰德斯地震区P波和S波的精细的三维速度结构和泊松比分布．结果显示,地震的发生和分布与地壳结构的横向不均匀性有密切的关系．总体上看,兰德斯地震区余震成丛分布,并被低速块体截断,其中4级以上地震大多分布于P波高、低速异常过渡区域或偏向高速块体一侧,这可能是因为高速区多属地壳脆性介质,易于造成应力集中,导致地震;反之,低速度区则可能代表破碎程度较高、富含流体或温度较高区域,因而更倾向于产生无震变形．基于兰德斯地震区强震震源位置、地震区P波、S波速度异常与泊松比分布推断,兰德斯地震区可能有流体存在．地壳流体易使地壳岩石弱化,从而引发大地震．     

后差分GPS测量则木河断裂地震微地貌特征

地震微地貌是研究古地震的重要证据。 发生在则木河断裂带上的1850年地震的地表破裂带在人类活动较少的地区得以保存完好。 研究区内地形起伏大, 断塞塘、 断层陡坎、 鼓包等微地震地貌特征明显, 在三维视图内可直观反映测量区内的这些地貌特征。 利用后差分GPS方法测量断裂活动形成的地震微地貌, 水平测量精度可达0.5 m, DEM精度可到一个像元1 m, 是定量化研究地震微地貌的一种新方法。 测量结果表明, 大箐梁子顶部七条干沟对应多次古地震事件; 大箐梁子顶部鼓包被断裂断错, 断塞塘沉积区向南迁移, 鼓包最新断错约4 m, 大箐村南山坡形成50 cm高断层陡坎。 说明大箐梁子一带地震活动性较强, 且以挤压构造为主。     

差分GPS方法在城市活断层探测中的应用探讨

使用差分GPS方法, 测量西宁盆地内部各级阶地参数, 对比野外阶地特征, 探讨区域新构造时期活动特征, 以及西宁城市周缘活断层的分布及活动特征。 通过这一区域的实践, 认为DGPS方法能够快速、 精确的获得区域内阶地面的坐标和高程, 是确定弱活动或隐伏断裂的可行方法。 南川河断裂错断T₃、 T₄、 T₅阶地, 断裂的活动时间为T₃阶地形成后, T₂级阶地形成前的0.10 Ma B.P.至0.05 Ma B.P.。 垂直断距15～20 m, 最小垂直活动速率约为0.30 mm/a。     

西安城市CBD体系发展演进的特征与趋势

基于土地交易、基本产业单位普查、商务办公楼宇开发、规模以上商场发展等多方面资料,以当代CBD演进基本规律及基本理论为借鉴和索引,并以西安市为实证案例对当代中国城市CBD体系发展演进的一些典型现象、特征及其机制进行了分析。结果表明:传统市中心区正在经历以总功能类型减少而商业服务功能突出强化为基本特征的功能“纯化”;生产者服务业集中的商务中心显著离心漂移、而零售商业中心则相对稳定,因而城市商务与商业中心趋于空间分离化;高新技术产业开发区正崛起成为西安市的中央商务区(主CBD);在整个西安中心城市层面,一个“双极多核”的CBD体系正在发育形成。     

早上新世非洲季风与地中海表层生产力变化的岁差节律

地质历史上留下了许多反映非洲季风的记录, 意大利南方晚新生代的海相地层便是其中著名的一例.Cape Sper-tivento剖面位于意大利卡拉布里亚半岛, 属于早上新世(5.3~4.8Ma) 地中海泥灰岩-灰岩沉积物.在借鉴前人工作的基础上, 重新为该剖面建立一个精度更高的天文年代标尺.反映古生产力的指标显示, 早上新世在北半球夏季辐射量增大期间, 地中海有机碳含量及其堆积速率增大, C/N出现高值, 碳酸盐含量及其堆积速率减小, G. obliquus稳定氧碳同位素出现负偏移, 这是非洲夏季风带来的降雨增强的结果.尼罗河泛滥让更多陆源营养物和淡水输入地中海.各个古环境指标的频谱分析结果存在强烈的岁差周期和丰富的半岁差周期, 说明早上新世非洲季风主要受低纬过程控制.      

Reliability of X-band Dual-polarization Phased Array Radars Through Comparison with an S-band Dual-polarization Doppler Radar

Based on the observations of a squall line on 11 May 2020 and stratiform precipitation on 6 June 2020 from two X-band dual-polarization phased array weather radars(DP-PAWRs) and an S-band dual-polarization Doppler weather radar(CINRAD/SA-D), the data reliability of DP-PAWR and its ability to detect the fine structures of mesoscale weather systems were assessed. After location matching, the observations of DP-PAWR and CINRAD/SA-D were compared in terms of reflectivity(ZH), radial velocity(V), dif...     

海河流域东北冷涡背景下的降水预报订正研究

针对海河流域东北冷涡降水样本,应用海河流域加密自动站降水资料及欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMCWF)降水预报资料,利用滑动相关分析方法建立重组预报序列,基于加密自动站24 h累积降水量及重组24 h降水预报序列的Gamma累积概率分布曲线,采用预报—实况概率匹配方法建立1～3日的短期订正模型并进行试报检验.结果表明:欧洲...     

基于EPAS技术的日照市大气单颗粒物理化学特性及来源研究

城市地区大气气溶胶颗粒的物理化学特性复杂,理清单颗粒精细的化学成分和混合状态对于大气污染溯源和精细治理具有重要意义。本研究利用被动式气溶胶采样器分别在山东省日照市城区和钢铁园区两个区域进行了定点采样,并利用智能扫描电镜环境颗粒物分析系统（IntelliSEM EPAS）对采集的大气单颗粒物样品进行分析。结果表明,日照市大气颗粒物主要由不规则碳质颗粒（C-rich）、含硫颗粒（Ca-S、Na-S-Ca）与矿物颗粒组成。其中,城区样品中C-rich颗粒数量贡献为53.5%,是钢铁园区样品的2.5倍,大于1 μm的颗粒物数量为9.0%,是钢铁园区样品的1.7倍,城区居民活动和工业过程是城市中大气颗粒物特别是二次细颗粒的主要来源。钢铁园区样品中含硫颗粒物数量贡献为72.9%,含硫颗粒物质量贡献为30.9%,富铁颗粒物质量贡献为5.3%,分别是城区样品的1.8倍、3.6倍和2.9倍,表明钢铁园区大气颗粒物的主要来源包括钢铁企业排放的一次污染物及其转化生成的二次细颗粒物。     

Metamorphism of ultrahigh‐pressure eclogites from the Kebuerte Valley,South Tianshan,NW China: phase equilibria and P–T path

Eclogites from the Kebuerte Valley, Chinese South Tianshan, consist of garnet, omphacite, phengite, paragonite, glaucophane, hornblendic amphibole, epidote, quartz and accessory rutile, titanite, apatite and carbonate minerals with occasional presence of coesite or quartz pseudomorphs after coesite. The eclogites are grouped into two: type I contains porphyroblastic garnet, epidote, paragonite and glaucophane in a matrix dominated by omphacite where the proportion of omphacite and garnet is >50 vol.%; and type II contains porphyroblastic epidote in a matrix consisting mainly of fine‐grained garnet, omphacite and glaucophane where the proportion of omphacite and garnet is <50 vol.%. Garnet in both types of eclogites mostly exhibits core–rim zoning with increasing grossular (X_gr) and pyrope (X_py) contents, but a few porphyroblastic garnet grains in type I eclogite shows core–mantle zoning with increasing X_py and a slight decrease in X_gr, and mantle–rim zoning with increases in both X_gr and X_py. Garnet rims in type I eclogite have higher X_py than in type II. Petrographic observations and phase equilibria modelling with pseudosections calculated using thermocalc in the NCKMnFMASHO system for three representative samples suggest that the eclogites have experienced four stages of metamorphism: stage I is the pre‐peak temperature prograde heating to the pressure peak (P_max) which was recognized by the garnet core–mantle zoning with increasing X_py and decreasing X_gr. The P–T conditions at P_max constrained from garnet mantle or core compositions with minimum X_gr content are 29–30 kbar at 526–540 °C for type I and 28.2 kbar at 518 °C for type II, suggesting an apparent thermal gradient of ～5.5 °C km^?1. Stage II is the post‐P_max decompression and heating to the temperature peak (T_max), which was modelled from the garnet zoning with increasing X_gr and X_py contents. The P–T conditions at T_max, defined using the garnet rim compositions with maximum X_py content and the Si content in phengite, are 24–27 kbar at 590 °C for type I and 22 kbar at 540 °C for type II. Stage III is the post‐T_max isothermal decompression characterized by the decomposition of lawsonite, which may have resulted in the release of a large amount of fluid bound in the rocks, leading to the formation of epidote, paragonite and glaucophane porphyroblasts. Stage IV is the late retrograde evolution characterized by the overprint of hornblendic amphibole in eclogite and the occurrence of epidote–amphibole facies mineral assemblages in the margins or in the strongly foliated domains of eclogite blocks due to fluid infiltration. The P–T estimates obtained from conventional garnet–clinopyroxene–phengite thermobarometry for the Tianshan eclogites are roughly consistent with the P–T conditions of stage II at T_max, but with large uncertainties in temperature. On the basis of these metamorphic stages or P–T paths, we reinterpreted that the recently reported zircon U–Pb ages for eclogite may date the T_max stage or the later decompression stage, and the widely distributed (rutile‐bearing) quartz veins in the eclogite terrane may have originated from the lawsonite decomposition during the decompression stage rather than from the transition from blueschist to eclogite as previously proposed.