Metamorphism of the Bikou Group in the Shanxi-Gausu-Sichuan Border Region1

Abstract The Bikou Group on the Shaanxi-Gansu-Sichuan border is composed of Mid-Late Proterozoic metamorphosed bimodal volcanic rocks and flysch sediments. Its metamorphism may be divided into the blueschist and greenschist facies. Three metamorphic zones, i.e. zones A, B, and C, may be distinguished on the basis of the field distribution of metamorphic rocks and the variation of b₀ values of muscovite. Blueschists are characterized by coexistence of sodic amphiboles and epidote and occur as stripes or relict patches in extensive greenschists of zone A. Studies of metamorphic minerals such as amphiboles, chlorite, epidote and muscovite and their textural relationships indicate that blueschists and greenschists were not formed under the same metamorphic physico-chemical conditions. The blueschist facies was formed at temperatures of 300-400°C and pressures of 0.5–0.6 GPa. The greenschist facies in zones A and B has similar temperatures but its pressure is only 0.4 GPa or so. The transition from the blueschist to greenschist facies is a nearly isothermal uplift process. The rock and mineral assemblages of the Bikou Group indicate that the blueschist facies metamorphism of the group might be related to crustal thickening or A-subduction accompanying the closure of an intracontinental small ocean basin.     

气候变化对我国红松林的影响

在对红松适生范围、生态习性等广泛深入调查分析基础上,依据环境因子对树木生长影响的作用规律,首先推出一个能反映红松年生长量与水热因子间关系的W-T模式,进而分析了各种可能的气候变化对红松生长量与分布的影响。结果表明,气温升高,无论降水增减,都将使红松适生范围与生长量大幅度减少。但在可预见的气候变化范围内,红松不会退出我国的东部山地。     

TRAJECTORY DIAGNOSIS OF AIR PARCELS IN HIGH-AND LOW-LEVEL JETS FOR A HEAVY RAINFALL CASE DURING MEIYU SEASON OF 1991

Trajectory diagnostic methods were used to analyze air parcels of high-and low-level jets during the heavy rainfall of 4-6 July 1991.It is found that air parcels above rainfall area travelled from the entrance of the high-level jet,passing through the jet center and reached the exit region.Upper tropospheric divergence over rainfall area resulted from decelerative motion of the jet flow.Warm and moist southwest flow converged and ascended ahead of the low-level jet.The decreasing of low-level pressure as a result of high-level divergence that caused the low-level jet became unexpectedly strong.     

中国西部积雪对我国汛期降水的影响

本文利用台站及卫星资料建立了中国西部积雪３０年逐月时间序列。该序列是目前资料时间最长、最好的序列，为研究该区积雪月际和年际变化及其影响提供了较可靠的依据。中国西部冬春积雪对我国汛期降水的影响平均为负相关趋势，与６月降水的相关分布较有规律，冬春多（少），其它地区６月降水偏多（少）。我国西部多（少）雪对６月从份５００ｈＰａ高度的变化是：高原北边高纬高度降低（升高）及副热地区升高（降低），有（不）利于高     

多步预测的降水时序模型

该文设计了一个能作多步预报的时间序列模型，先生成时间序列及其差分的均生函数，再运用双评分准则对所有均生函数延拓序列作粗选和精选，以期建立一个拟合和预报效果均好的模型。就长江中下游6—8月降水总量的序列进行了计算，证实该模型可用在制作逐年气候预报或分月长期预报中。     

中国西部干旱地区太阳直接辐射通量密度与大气质量的关系

本文根据中国西部干旱地区大气物理状态(大气可降水量和大气浑浊度)的变化范围,利用太阳直接辐射通量密度的理论计算公式,计算了各种大气透明系数状况下的太阳直接辐射通量密度。计算结果表明,大气质量m=2时的透明系数P_2和m相同时,由于水汽和气溶胶的含量配置不同而引起太阳直接辐射通量密度的差异,在辐射日变程的主要时段(m=1-3)内并不大。于是得到各种透明系数P_2状况下太阳直接辐射通量密度随大气质量变化的平均关系。不同海拔高度比较,当透明系数P_2相同时,各自的大气物理状态虽然不同,但m相同时的太阳直接辐射通量密度基本相同。现有的表征太阳直接辐射通量密度值和大气质量联系的关系式都不能很好地描述计算结果。根据太阳直接辐射通量密度随大气质量变化的特性,我们提出了新的关系式。最后,整理了不同拔海高度和不同地理景观的四个日射站(西藏那曲、青海格尔木、甘肃敦煌和民勤)的多年观测资料。经验计算结果与观测值比较,一致性良好。     

Sensitivity analysis for the effects of meteorological and radioactive release conditions on radiation doses from nuclear power plant accidents

This paper briefly reviews several large-scale modeling systems for nuclear power plant accidents in the United States, and summarizes our recent modeling results for the effects of key meteorological conditions, radioactive release characteristics, and evacuation strategies on radiation doses. This work was intended to be useful in the formulation of emergency plans for nuclear power plant accidents. The sensitivity analyses establish a scale for comparing impacts at various locations and over time depending on the variation of those key parameters, and have clear implications for emergency planning.     

Huanghe (Yellow River) and its estuary: Sediment origin, transport and deposition

The upper part of the Huanghe (Yellow River) drainage basin supplies 50–60% of the annual water discharge and only 10% of the total river sediment load, while the middle reaches contribute 30–40% of the water flow and 90% of the annual sediment load, because of severe erosion over the Loess Plateau. Large variations in both annual water discharge and sediment load occur in the Huanghe. Heavy sedimentation in the lower reaches of the channel makes the river bed aggrade several centimetres per year. Of the suspended sediment in the river, 90–95% is deposited in the lower part of the river course and in the coastal shallow water area; less than 5–10% escapes from Laizhou Bay and enters the Central Bohai and/or North Huanghai (Yellow Sea). The active delta complex now propagates seawards at a mean rate of 42 km² year⁻¹.