1990～2010年中国人口收缩区分布的时空格局演变——基于不同测度指标的分析

在人口收缩内涵界定的基础上,采用总人口和劳动力等直接指标结合出生率、老龄化率等间接指标进行综合测度,在地级尺度和县市尺度上分析了1990~2010年中国人口收缩区的数量变化、空间分布及演化特征（由于获取限制,未包含港澳台地区数据）,并对比了不同测度指标和方法之间的差异。主要的研究发现如下：①人口收缩区在数量上有明显的增长,收缩程度呈现出明显加剧趋势;②人口收缩区在中部和西部偏东地区快速扩张,川黔渝地区、长江中游地区、东北地区最为严重;③单一指标在识别人口绝对收缩方面效果较好,而且总人口指标往往比劳动力指标更早的反映一个区域的人口状况;④综合指标测度的方法能够更加全面的判断一个区域的人口发展状况,进而识别出人口处于相对收缩状态的区域;⑤人口收缩在县市尺度上比在地级尺度上表现更为明显,但两者的差异呈缩小趋势。基于以上研究发现,建议政府更加重视区域人口收缩问题及其对社会经济发展的影响。     

Analysis of Multiple Tourist Agents’ Symbiotic Relationship on the View of Tourist Enterprises Based on a Grey Correlation Model: A Case Study of Qinghai Lake,China

Tourism symbiosis is a social phenomenon consisting of many complex factors, and the reciprocal cooperation among multiple tourist agents at tourist destinations is the crux of the sustainable development of tourism. This study is from the perspective of tourist enterprises, and introduces the Symbiosis Theory of genecology. A quantitative evaluation is used to analyze both the equilibrium state of the combined symbiotic behavior routes and the behavior patterns of tourist enterprises with local governments, community residents, tourists and tourist enterprises around Qinghai Lake. The findings reveal: (1) the symbiotic behavior routes of the multiple tourist agents “E→G-R-T-E” in the Qinghai Lake area are constituted of intense symbiotic indications, while the maximum dimensionality of symbiotic interest of “E→G-R-T-E” is still in the state of disequilibrium and dissymmetry; (2) the symbiotic model of multiple tourist agents “E→G-R-T-E” in the Qinghai Lake area is an asymmetrically positive symbiotic model. It is proposed that, by establishing symbiotic mechanisms for guidance, decisions, supervisory control and profit distribution, the participation mechanism for multiple agents “E-G-R-T” can be further standardized. Moreover, tourist enterprises should be regarded as the primary agents to optimize the symbiotic model for “E→G-R-T-E” through the reinforcement of integrative supply and the construction of integrative effect, and finally promote the integrative symbiotic model of symmetrical reciprocity of the E-R-G-T model “driven by scenic areas, responsive to community residents, affected by local governments and enjoyed by tourists.”     

Farmland Abandonment Research Progress: Influencing Factors and Simulation Model

Farmland abandonment is a global problem and considered one of the most important areas in land use change research. Farmland abandonment research currently focuses on understanding the factors that affect farmland abandonment and developing scientific models to simulate farmland abandonment. The study reviewed the natural and political factors driving farmland abandonment and summarized the main models for farmland abandonment simulation together with their advantages and disadvantages. We discuss the main ecological effects of farmland abandonment and propose farmland abandonment research directions. The study found that: (1) the influence of labor cost change and ageing labor force on farmland abandonment needs further investigation, (2) simulation models for farmland abandonment must include the decision-making mechanism of individual farmers and focus on macro large-scale abandonment prediction models, and (3) the influence of farmland abandonment on landscape culture must be investigated in detail.     

沿黄河地带——我国国土开发布局轴线

沿黄河地带是我国重要能源和金属资源富集区,发挥组合资源优势,强化以水资源为特色的复合轴线的作用,发展多元主导工业部门,构成大范围线状分布和小范围点状集中相结合的点轴系统,进一步完善我国沿海、沿江、沿黄三大经济开发轴线的互补格局。     

青海省龙羊峡库区沙漠化遥感监测

利用1987年和2000年美国陆地卫星TM数据资料,对青海省龙羊峡库区13 a来土地沙漠化面积、分布、发展等动态进行了监测,发现龙羊峡库区沙漠化总面积的净扩大量并不很大,只有15 220.6 hm²,沙漠化面积以平均每年1 170.8 hm²的速度递增,年递增率为0.55%,但沙漠化程度加大、等级增高的趋势明显。     

河北省生产力布局调整构想

简述河北省生产力布局现状 ,分析生产力布局条件和国家区域发展战略的变化 ,提出强化石家庄市、唐山市经济中心职能 ;重点开发沿海地带和石黄轴线地带 ;引导生产力布局向京津周围和沿海地区集聚的构想     

不同水分胁迫下几种春小麦种子根形态结构的研究

实验采用快速冷冻切片法及显微摄像系统观察法对甘肃陇中地区6个品种春小麦在不同水分状况下的种子根进行了形态结构研究。结果表明,在不同程度水分胁迫下的同一品种春小麦,种子根后生木质部导管(中央大导管)直径有显著的差异,但这种变化趋势并不是简单的线性关系。随着水分胁迫的增大,不同品种春小麦种子根中央大导管的直径有不同的变化趋势。不同品种春小麦在不同程度的水分胁迫下,随着胁迫的增大,各品种中央大导管直径的变化都逐渐趋于同一区域,这一区域很可能是春小麦在形态结构上适应水分亏缺在导管直径上表现出的最佳直径范围。     

雅鲁藏布江源头区居民点分布的影响因素

针对雅鲁藏布江源区重要的生态服务功能、不断加剧的生态退化问题、以畜牧业为主的产业结构及其对生态状况的依赖性,分析了源区居民点分布与地貌、生态状况、水文条件、交通条件的空间关系,评价了地貌等因素对该区居民点分布的影响.结果表明,2008年雅江源区居民点分布呈显著的地形聚集特征,大部分居民点聚集在4 600～5 000 m高程带、0°～5°缓坡区和没有坡向的平坦地带.雅鲁藏布江源区居民点分布与生态状况具有较强的空间趋同性.小嵩草草甸、紫花针茅草原和固沙草草原是居民点分布的主要植被类型;与1990年相比,2008年源区及其居民点分布区的NDVI较低,草地盖度及其生产能力有所降低,风沙化土地渐趋扩张,极少数居民点分布于风沙化土地,以固定沙地为主.源区居民点分布还具有明显的河流指向性和交通指向性.超过83％的居民点分布在距离雅鲁藏布江水系1.5 km范围内和道路两侧2.0 km范围内,特别是500 m范围内;距离雅鲁藏布江水系和交通线路越远,居民点分布越稀疏.究其原因,以草原放养为主畜牧业生产及其对牧草和水分的依赖性是影响居民点分布的关键因素.     

The Spatial–Temporal Hierarchy of Inequality in Urban China: A Prefectural City–Level Study

Inequality has been the subject of intense debates in China, but inequality across cities remains less studied. This article investigates economic inequality based on prefectural-level cities during the period from 1990 to 2010. Statistical analyses indicate that interregional inequality among cities has increased, which is mostly attributable to widening intraregional inequality, especially within the western region. The high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita clusters emerged in the Pearl River Delta in the 1990s, spread to the Yangtze River Delta in the 2000s, and then reached north China in the 2010s. In contrast, the number of low GDP per capita clusters significantly increased in the central and western regions in the 2010s. In addition, the significance of national development zones and foreign direct investment indicates the greatest effect of globalization on the increasing intercity inequality. Decentralization also contributes to the intercity inequality of China. We suggest that in addition to national programs aimed at reducing the inequality between the eastern region and the rest of China, efforts are needed to reduce inequality within each region through provincial and local government policies, especially in western China. Key Words: China, cluster, decentralization, globalization, regional inequality, urban inequality.