雅砻江谷底卸荷松弛现象与深厚覆盖层特征

雅砻江河床覆盖层厚度多在30m以上,最厚可达51.6m。覆盖层横向上厚度变化较大,纵向上可明显分为3层,上、下部以正常河流相为主,厚度较薄;中部以洪积、崩积、坡积、湖泊沉积堆积与冲积混合堆积为主的加积序列,厚度相对较大。在谷底基岩面以下,岩体通常存在20m厚左右的卸荷松弛带,弱风化,具有透水性好,岩体完整性较差,工程力学性状差等特征,其潜在的工程效应是坝基渗漏。覆盖层深厚是第二层加积序列所致,谷底形成时间长,以致谷底有足够的时间卸荷松弛和风化。     

Carbon isotope evidence of last glacial climate variations in the tropical NW Leizhou Peninsula,South China

Zhong, W., Cao, J., Xue, J., Ouyang, J., Wang, H., Tang, X. & Gao, X. 2012 (January): Carbon isotope evidence of last glacial climate variations in the tropical NW Leizhou Peninsula, South China. Boreas, Vol. 41, pp. 102–112. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2011.00224.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. Bulk organic δ¹³C values of sediment sequences are commonly used to indicate past climatic changes, although the causes and mechanisms leading to the observed organic carbon isotope responses are presently not fully understood. Based on two sedimentary sequences, namely a peat profile and a fluvial and swamp sequence from the tropical NW Leizhou Peninsula in South China, we interpret more negative bulk organic δ¹³C values to suggest wetter and warmer conditions, implying a stronger East Asian (EA) summer monsoon, and less negative δ¹³C values to indicate drier and cooler conditions, reflecting a weakening of the EA summer monsoon. A warm and wet period occurred between c. 48.0 and 28.0 cal. ka BP. In the study region, a climate shift occurred at c. 22.0 (or 20.0) cal. ka BP, and the driest and coldest period occurred between c. 19.0 and 16.0 cal. ka BP. After c. 12.0 cal. ka BP, the climate changed towards wetter and warmer conditions. Several possible millennial‐scale dry and cold oscillations characterized possibly by C4 plants, or by more positive organic δ¹³C values during the period when C3 plants dominated, are cautiously and tentatively interpreted as showing a similarity with Heinrich events and other cold millennial‐scale oscillations evidenced from a Greenland ice core and Chinese stalagmite. We demonstrate that bulk organic δ¹³C records of sedimentary sequences in the study region have potential for indicating the changes in vegetation composition that were closely associated with climate variation during the last glacial period.     

水平电偶源频率测深中全区视电阻率定义的新方法

从电磁场的统一性出发，分析了水平电偶源频率测深中等效电阻率的算法原理和具体定义．分析表明，等效电阻率可明显地改善波区视电阻率在非波区场的畸变，较为形象、直观地反映出地电断面的电性变化．数值计算、三维模型计算和实际数据处理表明，等效电阻率具有良好的特性和应用前景．     

磁纬20°以下地区哨声多台宽带定向观测及其初步结果

武汉大学哨声组与日本名古屋大学空电研究所合作于1988年1月在我国南方进行了哨声多台宽带定向测量。利用近两年研制的宽带数字化频率追踪定向分析系统,首次获得了磁纬20°以下地区哨声波出口区与偏振状态的实验结果。初步分析发现,在湛江附近（磁纬约10°N）存在一个比较稳定的哨声路径出口区,三台同时接收到的哨声大多从这同一出口区透射出来;有时存在两个出口区,一个仍位于湛江附近,另一个位于桂林和武昌之间;沿两条不同路径传播的同源哨声具有几乎相同的色散。本文所做的非导管射线追踪计算能比较满意地解释定向实验结果。另外,此次观测中还发现一些新的有意义的现象,如记录到近百例两跳、三跳及五跳回波等,这在低纬地区是非常少见的。     

VELOCITY ANALYSIS IN THE p—x-PLANE FROM A SLANT STACK WAVEFIELD*

Classical methods of interpretation of reflection seismic data are such that interpretation and processing usually occur in the “collected” frame of reference. However, in recent times other data planes have gained increasing acceptance in seismology as a viable alternative. Through linear transformations applied to a record section, both the t—p- and p—x-planes can be produced. The r—p-domain may be obtained from the t—x-plane by a transformation known as slant stacking. Normal practice has been to do most of the data processing in the t—x-plane and then transforming to the r—p-plane. However, many of the procedures used in the t—x-domain can be modified for use in the t—p-plane to increase the coherence. Velocity inversion may be carried out either in the r—p-domain or further transformed to the p—x-plane where the modified Herglotz-Wiechert inversion may be applied. To perform the inversion, the t—p-wavefield is converted to a p—x-representation by the use of a new linear transformation technique, the cross-stack. By a simple sampling process along a particular p—x-trajectory, the Herglotz-Wiechert method can be used to reconstruct an acceptable velocity model of the subsurface. A comparison of derived velocity structures is made between that produced by the Herglotz-Wiechert technique and that of the Dix method.     

变质岩中白云母的钾-氩法适应性研究

变质岩中白云母在承受热力作用的时候,其物理性质随温度升高而变化,在700℃之前N_m一直是增大的,2V角等没有可察觉的变化。当温度高于700℃时,物理性质、光学特征变化显著,N_m和2V角急剧降低,在曲线变化的拐点上,氩的逸失也是强烈的,白云母逸失曲线表明,它有三个临界阻隔温度,300℃、700℃和900℃,相应可分为三个氩逸失阶段:300—700℃,氩析出5％;700—900℃,氩析出70％±;1000℃以上,氩析出25％±。用白云母测得的K-Ar年龄具有较高的可信度,当其物理性质没有明显变化时,年龄偏     

地震波在湿颗粒介质中的传播

本文利用拉格朗日运动方程建立了湿颗粒介质中的波场方程组,由此研究了平面简谐波在其中的传播。文中还导出了湿颗粒介质中的支承拉梅系数和耦合弹性系数的表示式。     

遗传算法及其在GOMS模型反演中的应用效果分析

几何光学交互遮蔽模型（GOMS）是一种重要的遥感前向模型,它较好解释了“热点”现象,具有较强的前向模拟能力。但由于其固有的非线性性,给反演带来困难。本文尝试采用近年来兴起的并行随机全局寻优算法－遗传算法对GOMS进行反演,并针对传统遗传算法的不足进行了改进。在使用相同先验知识的条件下,将该算法与目前最有效的约束非线性最优化确定性搜索算法－逐步二次规划法对GOMS模型的反演效果进行了比较,结果表明,逐步二次规划法搜索效率较高,但结果受初值的影响很大,初值选择不当,易收敛于局部最优解,而遗传算法具有全局最优的收敛效果,但局部搜索效率较差。在某些对精度要求不高,而对搜索效率要求较高的场合,可以采用遗传算法与确定性搜索算法相结合的混合遗传算法,以提高算法的搜索效率,获得较为满意的效果。     

长沙交警大楼复杂地层基坑护壁的“综合制导”

长沙市交警支队技术综合大楼地质条件复杂,水量丰富,流砂严重,基坑施工相当困难。经采用安全可靠的“综合制导”措施处理,成为地解决了坑壁坍塌等问题,获得了建设方、质监方、设计方的好评,交警大楼竣工后被评为优良工程。