琼东南盆地深水区断层垂向输导及成藏模式

In the Qiongdongnan Basin, faults are well developed.Based on the drilling results, the traps controlled two or more faults are oil-rich. However, when only one fault cut through the sand body, there is no sign for hy-drocarbon accumulation in the sandstone. In terms of this phenomenon, the principle of reservoir-forming controlled by fault terrace is proposed, i.e., when the single fault activates, because of the incompressibility of pore water, the resistance of pore and the direction of buoyancy, it is impossible for hydrocarbon to ac-cumulate in sandstone. But when there are two or more faults, one of the faults acts as the spillway so the hydrocarbon could fill in the pore of sandstone through other faults. In total five gas bearing structures and four failure traps are considered, as examples to demonstrate our findings. According to this theory, it is well-advised that south steep slope zone of Baodao-Changchang Depression, south gentle slope zone of Lingshui Depression, north steep slope zone of Lingshui Depression, and north steep slope zone of Baodao Depression are the most favorable step-fault zones, which are the main exploration direction in next stage.     

十四株海洋微藻脂肪酸组成的研究

对 4个门的 14株 (红藻门 8株 ,甲藻门 1株 ,隐藻门 2株 ,绿藻门 3株 )海洋微藻进行了脂肪酸含量测定 ,微藻在确定的条件下生长 ,指数生长末期收获。结果表明 ,各门的微藻都有其独特的脂肪酸特征 :红藻中含有大量的 2 0 :4 n- 6和 2 0 :5n- 3,其中紫球藻 R2 5含量最高 ,占总脂肪酸的4 9.8% (AA占总脂肪酸的 2 0 .5% ,EPA占总脂肪酸的 2 9.3% )。隐藻的主要脂肪酸是 16 :0、18:1n- 9、18:3n- 3、18:4 n- 3、2 0 :5n- 3、2 2 :5n- 3。与其它甲藻有别的虫黄藻 ,18:4 n- 3含量很少并且不含EPA,其主要合成的是 16 :0、18:1n- 9和 2 2 :6 n- 3。 C16和 C18的不饱和脂肪酸是本实验研究的 3株绿藻的主要脂肪酸     

A bio-optical inversion model to retrieve absorption contributions and phytoplankton size structure from total minus water spectral absorption using genetic algorithm

We propose a bio-optical inversion model that retrieves the absorption contributions of phytoplankton and colored detrital matter(CDM),as well as the phytoplankton size classes(PSCs),from total minus water absorption spectra.The model is based on three-component separation of phytoplankton size structure and a genetic algorithm.The model performance was tested on two independent datasets(the NASA bio-Optical Marine Algorithm Dataset(NOMAD) and the northern South China Sea(NSCS) dataset).The relationships between the estimated and measured values were strongly linear,especially for aCDM(412),and the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE) of the CDM exponential slope(SCDM) was relatively low.Next,the inversion model was directly applied to in-situ total minus water absorption spectra determined by an underwater meter during a cruise in September 2008,to retrieve the phytoplankton size structure in the seawater.By comparing the measured and retrieved chlorophyll a concentrations,we demonstrated that total and size-specific chlorophyll a concentrations could be retrieved by the model with relatively high accuracy.Finally,we applied the bio-optical inversion model to investigate changes in phytoplankton size structure induced by an anti-cyclonic eddy in the NSCS.     

延边地区天宝山多金属矿田的流体特征与成矿模式

天宝山铅锌铜钼多金属矿田由新兴铅-锌矿床、东风铅-锌-铜-钼矿床和立山铜-铅-锌矿床组成,它们分别产在侏罗纪黑云母花岗闪长岩、闪长岩与古生代海相火山-沉积岩的接触带和岩体内部。矿床地质特征研究表明:新兴铅-锌矿床以石英硫化物充填胶结角砾岩筒矿体为特征,具有与中温岩浆热液矿床类似的蚀变特征;东风铅-锌-铜-钼矿床以发育浸染状硫化物、石英硫化物脉和辉钼矿石英脉为特征,具有接触交代热液矿床特征;立山铜-铅-锌矿床则以磁铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿等多金属硫化物矿化发育为特征,具有典型的接触交代矽卡岩型矿床特征。对主成矿阶段以及成矿晚阶段的脉石矿物石英流体包裹体研究揭示:新兴铅-锌矿床的石英-黄铁矿阶段、石英-闪锌矿-方铅矿-黄铜矿多金属硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段对应的温度分别为270～340℃、190～260℃、130～160℃;盐度(w(NaCl))和密度分别为0.62%～9.86%和0.37～1.00g/cm3;压力为37.31～87.69MPa;激光拉曼光谱分析获得流体包裹体的成分主要为CO2、H2O,含有少量的CH4和N2。东风铅-锌-铜-钼矿床的石英-辉钼矿阶段、石英-闪锌矿-方铅矿-黄铜矿多金属硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段对应的温度分别为280～337℃、200～260℃、101～190℃;盐度和密度分别为7.16%～23.95%和0.96～1.12g/cm3;压力为28.23～56.64MPa;激光拉曼光谱分析获得流体包裹体成分为H2O。立山铜-铅-锌矿床的磁铁矿-石英脉阶段、石英-方铅矿-闪锌矿-黄铜矿等多金属硫化物和石英-碳酸盐阶段对应的温度分别为210～240℃、170～200℃、126～160℃,盐度和密度分别为2.07%～9.47%和0.89～0.92g/cm3;压力为33.88～59.72 MPa;激光拉曼光谱分析获得流体包裹体成分为CO2和CH4。基于矿床地质特征、成矿流体性质和来源等方面的讨论,建立了天宝山多金属矿田的成矿模式。     

The Derivation and Validation of TBM Disc Cutter Wear Prediction Model

The problem of disc cutter wear is inevitable when shield or TBM excavating hard rock for a long distance, thus, the study of disc cutter wear model has an important project value on predicting its service life and replacement opportunity. It is put forward by analyzing disc cutter wear mechanism that the main wear form is abrasive wear, which is based on plastic removal mechanism. Then, disc cutter wear rate and linear wear rate prediction models are obtained by approximate calculation and mathematical deduction, which are based on Rabinowicz equation and CSM model. At last, the two models are verified through field test data from three projects, and the results show that the prediction model can accurately reflect the real wear situation of disc cutter.     

构造叠加晕结合五方位测井在甘肃省贾公台金矿寻找深部矿体中的应用

贾公台金矿为甘肃党河南山地区规模最大的金矿床。为探索深部矿化、寻找盲矿体,在贾公台矿段开展原生晕研究,建立原生叠加晕轴向分带,发现贾公台金矿具反向分带特征。说明该矿体深部存在多期次成矿作用。结合地井五方位测井,预测深部3 200 m标高以下存在盲矿体。深部钻探发现了厚度大、品位高的多层金矿体,新增金资源量12吨,取得了显著找矿成果。构造叠加晕结合地井五方位测井成功圈定贾公台金矿深部矿体的实践,对同类矿床的深部找矿具有重要指导意义。     

西藏当雄错盐湖卤水冬季日晒蒸发实验研究

西藏当雄错盐湖位于藏北高原腹地西南侧,其水化学类型属典型的中度碳酸盐型,具有很好的工业开发前景和价值.自然蒸发是盐田日晒工艺的应用基础工作,本文基于室内卤水等温蒸发实验的相关结果,在当雄错湖区现场开展了盐湖卤水冬季日晒蒸发实验,通过考察碳酸盐型盐湖卤水在现场低温条件下自然蒸发过程中液相各元素的富集规律以及矿物的结晶析盐规律,分析了锂、硼、钾等元素的集散行为,并根据卤水蒸发过程中的元素富集、蒸失水量、盐类析出顺序、矿物组合以及物化性质的变化探索了盐类分离的控制条件.以Na+,K+/CO2-3,SO2-4,Cl--H2O五元体系(25℃)介稳相图为参考依据,绘制了当雄错盐湖卤水冬季日晒蒸发的结晶析盐路线.实验结果表明,当雄错盐湖卤水在冬季日晒蒸发过程中依次析出石盐、泡碱、天然碱、硼砂、钾石盐和扎布耶石,另有少量芒硝和泡碱等低温产物会提前析出或被母液夹带析出,利用冬季低温蒸发可制取富锂卤水,蒸发后期的母卤还可用于提取硼砂和钾石盐等矿物资源.实验结果为下一步开展盐田工程设计及制卤工艺操作提供了必要的基础数据,同时也为碳酸盐型盐湖卤水的综合利用和开发提供了理论支持.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECTS OF HUMIDITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION UPON IMAGINARY PART OF REFRACTIVE INDEX OF AEROSOL PARTICLES*

Experimental study is made of the relationship between the imaginary part of refractive index (IRI) of atmospheric aerosol particles and relative humidity,and between IRI and chemical element through the assay of chemical constituents of the particles.Evidence suggests that atmospheric humidity and aerosols' chemical ingredients have great effects on the IRI's and they should thus be considered in the research of the radiation properties of the particles in the atmosphere.     

应用重力场模型GL1500E和LLR天平动参数估算月核大小及其组成

针对月核大小及密度估计问题,利用高分辨率重力场模型GL1500E的二阶位系数和LLR(lunar laser ranging)天平动参数,考虑月核分层为外核和内核的情况,结合非线性粒子群优化算法,对月核大小和组成进行了估计。大批量的统计结果表明,大概率分布的外核半径rc1约为469 km,内核半径rc2约为303 km,外核密度ρc1约为4613 kg/m3,内核密度ρc2约为7004 kg/m3,月幔密度ρm约为3340 kg/m3。月幔密度非常接近地质研究结果3360 kg/m3,内外核半径与近期其他研究结果相近,估算的月核大小与密度组成具有一定的参考价值。若月核由纯铁和硫化亚铁组成,则研究表明,内核大部分由纯铁组成,外核大部分由硫化亚铁组成。     

灾害预报与鸡西煤矿瓦斯爆炸事件

2002年上半年,伴随着厄尔尼诺现象的日益加剧,全球性重大自然灾害频繁发生.6月20日发生在中国黑龙江省鸡西煤矿的瓦斯爆炸事件和6月22日发生在伊朗的强烈地震,时间恰逢月亮近地潮的6月19日和太阳潮半日形变最大值的夏至的6月21日附近,是地球形变和排气较强烈的时段.据国内外有关资料,月球与地球发震有关系的重要条件是“近地点兼朔、望”以及各大行星特定位置的配合,张元东称之为“特殊天象组合期”[1];郭增建等提出,月亮赤纬角或太阳黄赤交角最大时地球形变和排气最强烈[2～5].在此期间,中国各种大的突发性灾难,如空难、海难、火车事故、矿…