Application of extended distinct element method with lattice model to collapse analysis of RC bridges

This paper proposes a simple lattice model for collapse analysis of RC bridges subjected to earthquakes by using the extended distinct element method (EDEM). In the model, a concrete element consists of lumped masses connected to one another by springs, and a reinforcement bar is represented by a discrete model or an integrated model. The proposed lattice model is simple but its parameters are reasonably defined. It has fewer element nodes and connecting springs, which will be of benefit by shortening the CPU time. The processes to determine the initial stiffness of concrete and steel springs, the parameters of the constitutive model and the fracture criteria for springs are described. A re‐contact spring model is also proposed to simulate the re‐contact of the concrete after fracture of springs; and a general grid searching method is used to decrease the CPU time for judging re‐contact after fracture. The lattice model is assessed by numerical simulations and experiments. As an application, a damaged single‐column pier subjected to the Kobe Earthquake in 1995 is analysed by EDEM with the proposed model. The simulation results indicate that the proposed model predicts well qualitatively the collapse process of RC bridges. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A remote sensing model for monitoring soil evaporation based on differential thermal inertia and its validation

To develop geosciences quantification and multi-dimensional researches will be an inevitable trend in the 21st century. The interaction between the land surface and the atmosphere not only serves as an important component in geosciences quantification, bu…     

Lateral load pattern in pushover analysis

The seismic capacity curves of three types of buildings including frame, frame-shear wall and shear wall obtained by pushover analysis under different lateral load patterns are compared with those from nonlinear time history analysis. Based on the numerical results obtained a two-phase load pattern; an inverted triangle (first mode) load pattern until the base shear force reachesβ times its maximum value, V_max, followed by a (x/H)^α form, hereβ and α being some coefficients depending on the type of the structures considered, is proposed in the paper, which can provide excellent approximation of the seismic capacity curve for low-to-mid-rise shear type buildings. Furthermore, it is shown both the two-phase load pattern proposed and the invariant uniform pattern can be used for low-to-mid-rise shear-bending type and low-rise bending type of buildings. No suitable load patterns have been found for high-rise buildings.     

The relationship between the first Fresnel zone and the normalized geometrical spreading factor1

Conventionally, the Fresnel zone and the geometrical spreading factor are investigated separately, because they belong to different theories of wave propagation. However, if the paraxial ray method is used for establishing the Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction formula for a laterally inhomogeneous multilayered medium, it can be shown that the normalized geometrical spreading factor is inversely proportional to the area of the first Fresnel zone associated with the reflection point. Therefore, if no diffracting edge cuts the first Fresnel zone, the geometrical optics approximation represents the principal part of the wavefield obtained by Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction theory. Otherwise, the geometrical optics approximation has to be corrected by adding edge diffractions. It is also shown that Kirchhoff-type migration and geometrical spreading factor correction both reduce the first Fresnel zone to a zone with unit area.     

工业CT技术在卫星产品检测中的应用

卫星产品许多都采用了焊接结构。为了保证其使用的安全可靠性,必须对焊缝进行l00％的无损检测。然而对于一些形状复杂的精密电子束焊件,由于产品尺寸小,加之焊缝周围结构的遮挡,使常规方法的应用受到了限制。工业CT技术具有不受试件材料种类、形状结构及表面状况限制的特点,能给出与试件材料密度及尺寸特性相对应的断层扫描图象,分辨率高,在检测复杂构件方面显示出了优势。本文介绍了卫星产品精密复杂焊接件对无损检测技术的具体要求,研究了卫星产品电子束焊缝的工业CT检测方法,包括设备、对比试样、检测工艺、评定方法等,并通过电磁阀、喷注器、自锁阀、减压器、加注/排放阀、单向阀、气滤、过滤器等具体产品检测实例,描述了工业CT技术在卫星产品检测中的应用。实际应用表明：工业CT是检测航天卫星产品精密复杂结构件焊缝缺陷的理想手段,其成象直观,缺陷的定位、定性和定量结果可靠,完全能满足产品的质量控制要求。目前,累计用工业CT检测卫星产品数批若干件,检测焊缝上千条。剔出有超标缺陷的产品40件,避免了隐患。经过工业CT检测的产品,己在"返回式卫星"、"风云二号"、"东方红三号"、"资源一号"、"中星-22号"等型号卫星中取得了成功应用。     

强震类型划分和后续强震预测方法探索

地震能量、振幅与周期的关系,由震源性质决定,因而其相关程度可作为强震类型划分的指标．初步将强震划分为主余震、双主震和强震群型3类．同类型强震在震源性质定量指标上有相似性,且有一定重复性．它们可为后续强震预测提供依据．从1988～1997 年50多例CDSN宽频带（BPZ波）强震记录中,分析得出的后续强震预测参考指标,对分型预测法应用有参考价值．     

板弯曲弹塑性分析拟协调元

本文从拟协调元列式出发，建立板弯曲弹塑性分析单元，给出了分层和不分层的板弹塑性问题的Ｔｒｅｓｃａ屈服准则下，由切线刚度法进行求解的方法。     

“广义信息维”在首都圈地震中期预报中的应用

给出了“广义信息维”的计算公式和计算方法，研究了首都圈和周期地区的广义时间分维和华北地区的广义空间分维。结果表明，在该地区Ｍｓ≥５．３地震前０．５－３ａ，时间分维都有一个较明显的降维过程；空间分维也有较好的对应效果，但是存在漏现象。     

深井电阻率所处井孔位置与地震关系的研究

对鲁南地区近几年发生的４级（ＭＬ）以上有感地震与深井电阻率所处井孔位置的关系进行了研究，进一步证明了“活断层—应力场效应”是存在的