近20 a中亚净初级生产力与实际蒸散发特征分析

中亚碳、水循环在气候变异和人为活动的影响下呈现新的时空特征。但由于观测数据稀缺,生态过程特殊,植被、土壤空间异质性强,中亚植被净初级生产力(NPP)、实际蒸散发(AET)的时空特征相关信息相对不足,且时效性不高。利用全球尺度的NPP、AET、土地覆被数据,气象站点与区域气候数据分析近20 a中亚地区NPP和AET的时空特征。结果表明：与1990年相比,2000年中亚地区农田NPP增幅小于自然植被,植被总固碳量增加了254.65 Tg C;近20 a中亚地区实际总蒸散量先增后降,农田对中亚水资源散失的贡献减小,自然植被的贡献增大,自然植被与农田面积变化决定中亚总蒸散量动态;北部农田区、东部山区及山前绿洲为NPP和AET的高值区,中西部荒漠为低值区。     

辽宁省春玉米全育期的气候适宜度及年景评估

为评价气候变化对玉米生长的影响,以辽宁省为例选取1969—2018年18个气象站点的逐日实测气象数据,利用模糊数学法建立春玉米气候适宜度评估模型,以地理信息技术为依托,探究春玉米气候适宜度的时空特征,并在此基础上进行玉米气候年景的综合评估。结果表明:①辽宁省春玉米全生育期内日照、温度、降水适宜度波动幅度较大;然而春玉米种植气候适宜度的空间差异性较弱。②春玉米各生育期气候适宜度由高到低为:出苗期>开花期>成熟期>播种期。全生育期温度适宜度最高,日照适宜度次之,降水适宜度最低。③春玉米播种期、出苗期、开花期和成熟期的气候适宜度最高值分别出现在辽阳、葫芦岛、营口和铁岭。④春玉米气候年景准确率达64%,表明该评估方法可以较为准确地反映气候年景。近50 a辽宁省春玉米偏好的年景有4个年份(1971、1979、1993、1998年),较差的有1969年(4.98%)及1973年(5.59%)。     

大安古河道试区土地潜力性评价

土地潜力是进行土地评价的重要内容,也是一种新方法,在古河道区的土地潜力性评价中分质量（状态）因子和诊断因子,采用质量因子和权重法对该进行潜力性评价,评价结果表明：该区域二等地１７０．９１ｈｍ＾２三等地９４．８９ｈｍ＾２四等地６８９．０７ｈｍ＾２,五等地６．６３ｈｍ＾２。没有土地质量期望值在３．５以上的一等地。     

南极数值天气预报应用与研究进展

多个业务化的全球预报模式和有限区域预报模式应用于南极地区,已经成为南极天气预报和南极气候诊断研究的主要工具.现今南极地区的数值天气预报模式在模拟南极大气环流和天气系统方面性能不够理想,原因是多方面的:南极天气气候的特殊性(包括边界层的参数化、中尺度气旋等)、模式对南极复杂地形的描述不够充分、由于缺乏观测资料而使得模式的...     

吉林省春季土壤水分分布特征及影响因素分析

利用2003~2010年吉林省春季土壤含水率数据及相关数据,采用常规统计方法、地统计学方法和基于地理信息系统的空间分析方法,讨论吉林省春季土壤水分分布特征,并对其影响因素进行初步分析。结果表明,吉林省春季0~30 cm土壤平均含水率总体上呈由西向东逐渐增加的趋势,空间差异性显著,其中10 cm深度土壤含水率空间差异最大;土壤层之间的距离越近,土壤含水率的相关性越好,东部10 cm深度与其他层次土壤含水率的相关性好于中西部,中部相比东部和西部而言,各层次之间土壤含水率相关性最差。研究还发现,田间持水量和降水量是影响吉林省土壤含水率分布的主要因素,受土壤、气候等自然要素的空间异质性影响,田间持水量对中部和东部的土壤含水率影响更大,而降水对中部和西部的土壤含水率影响更大。     

质子化壳聚糖吸附除磷效能研究

本研究通过质子化方法强化壳聚糖的除磷效果,研究壳聚糖的质子化度、吸附时间、磷的存在形态等因素对质子化壳聚糖除磷效果的影响,结果表明,壳聚糖对水中总磷及磷酸根的吸附效果随着其质子化度的升高而呈现明显加强的趋势;质子化壳聚糖对水中总磷的吸附量随着时间的延长而增加,吸附时间在70-80min时达到最大吸附量;水溶液中磷的存在形态,影响质子化壳聚糖的除磷效果。     

南沙群岛景观及区域古地理

本文论述了南沙群岛的海底地形、海底表层沉积、珊瑚礁景观、区域新生代古地理、以永暑礁为代表的古气候与古海面，以及本区古海洋等自然地理特征。     

Validation of the effects of temperature simulated by multi-model ensemble and prediction of mean temperature changes for the next three decades in China

Using series of daily average temperature observations over the period of 1961–1999 of 701 meteorological stations in China, and simulated results of 20 global climate models (such as BCCR_BCM2.0, CGCM3T47) during the same period as the observation, we validate and analyze the simulated results of the models by using three factor statistical method, achieve the results of multi- model ensemble, test and verify the results of multi-model ensemble by using the observation data during the period of 1991–1999. Finally, we analyze changes of the annual mean temperature result of multi-mode ensemble prediction for the period of 2011–2040 under the emission scenarios A2, A1B and B1. Analyzed results show that: (1) Global climate models can reproduce Chinese regional spatial distribution of annual mean temperature, especially in low latitudes and eastern China. (2) With the factor of the trend of annual mean temperature changes in reference period, there is an obvious bias between the model and the observation. (3) Testing the result of multi-model ensemble during the period of 1991–1999, we can simulate the trend of temperature increase. Compared to observation, the result of different weighing multi-model ensemble prediction is better than the same weighing ensemble. (4) For the period of 2011–2040, the growth of the annual mean temperature in China, which results from multi-mode ensemble prediction, is above 1 °C. In the spatial distribution of annual mean temperature, under the emission scenarios of A2, A1B and B1, the trend of growth in South China region is the smallest, the increment is less than or equals to 0.8 °C; the trends in the northwestern region and south of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are the largest, the increment is more than 1 °C.     

Methods for extraction of microorganism DNA from glacier surface snow

In order to thoroughly investigate the diversity of glacier microorganisms, four DNA extraction methods with different lysis patterns were tested and two screened methods (the Bosshard-Bano method and the Zhou method) were optimized for the most effective form of the filter membrane (cut vs. uncut), the DNA extraction method, and the precipitation method. The two optimized methods were then compared with the commercial Mo-Bio DNA extraction kit, and the results showed that the kit was generally suitable for extraction of microorganism DNA from glacier surface snow. Procedurally, it was found that a modified Bosshard- Bano method (i.e., cutting the filter membrane into pieces, using a specific lysis pattern [lysozyme (5 mg/mL)-protease K (1 mg/mL)-CTAB (1%)-SDS (1%)], performing the extraction only once by chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (24:1), and conducting DNA precipitation by pure ethanol) was also an effective and less expensive method for extraction of microorganism DNA from glacier surface snow.