中国古代大地测量

古代测量是中国古代文明的重要组成部分，它是适应农耕与征战的需要最早发展起来的实用技术之一。中国大地测量源于距今近5000年的原始社会末期的三皇五帝时代。几千年来，中国大地测量经历了从步量、丈量到立杆测影、仪器观测的发展过程。距今2000年的西汉时期，发明了浑天仪，开始了使用仪器测量地面点地理坐标的新阶段。公元724年，僧人一行与南宫说在黄河中游的平坦地区进行了世界上最早的子午线测量。16世纪后期，意大利人利玛窦带来了西方的测量技术，从此开始了中国传统大地测量与西方测量方法并行、融合的进程。明末清初，利用天文测地的方法在全国范围内测定了几十个经纬度点，为地图绘制提供了控制基础。天圆地方是中国古代最典型宇宙观，是中国古代测量与制图中未能考虑地球曲率的认识根源。简言之，中国古代大地测量成就辉煌，特色明显，与西方古代测量并驾齐驱。     

江苏省国土资源基础数据整合技术研究与实践

本文结合《江苏省国土资源基础数据库建设试点》项目,开展国土资源基础数据库整合关键技术的研究。文中介绍了整合技术的总体思路和数据整合关键技术研究成果,以及成果应用效果,为国土资源行业开展类似工作提供一些实践经验参考。     

基于导航卫星的数字地图传输协议设计与性能分析

本文就利用导航卫星的电文通信功能，进行大数据量数字地图数据传输的通信协议进行了论述。提出了等待式ARQ和选择重发式ARQ相结合的ARQ协议，介绍了该协议的基本思想，详细分析了协议性能并给出了实现协议的算法流程。     

IP VPN技术在气象网络建设中的应用

介绍了基于互联网的IP VPN技术的软件实现方式,并结合地市级气象网络的基本情况,探讨了IPVPN的使用。     

Application of statistical method in pollution episode analyses

Observed pollutants are of both primary and secondary origins, influenced by local topography and meteorology. Identifying sources and relative contribution often require vast detailed data collection and complicated models. This study applied a statistical time series analysis to two selected pollution events, spring and fall, at two sites in northern Taiwan. Vector moving average representations were used to quantitatively examine relationships among chemical pollutants and estimate their lifetimes. Results from impulse responses show that wind direction change alters the characteristic of pollution observed in opposite sites of Taipei City, from chemical dominant system to transport dominant one and vice versa. Chemicals are clearly separated into photochemical pollutants and primary pollutants. Results pointed out that Taipei City is the major source of photochemical smog, but not these primary pollutants. Derived chemical lifetimes at same location vary from 20% to four times under different meteorological condition. Estimated concentrations of hydroxyl radical range between 2 to 8 × 10⁷ cm⁻³. Photochemical pollutants are responsible for parts of PM10 collected in both station observed. Oxidation of SO₂ is only important in PM10 observed at one station. This study provides a simpler tool to derive information usually from complex models, therefore, is suitable as complement in decision-making process.     

城镇扩张遥感动态监测的方法研究

利用遥感技术动态监测城镇扩展己成为一个重要的研究领域和应用方向。本论文基于多源多时相遥感影像和地形数据,以福建漳州市区为示范区,探讨城镇建筑用地扩张遥感动态监测的方法。作者认为基于ASTER影像,综合利用非监督分类、多时相植被指数、城镇建筑用地的地形分布等知识建立分类决策规则,可以有效提取城镇建筑用地信息,准确度不低于90%。同时提出利用城镇建筑用地时空分布知识、多时相植被指数知识,改进TM三指数城镇建筑用地提取方法的思路,最终提取的城镇建筑用地信息满足城镇建筑用地动态变化分析的精度要求。     

钾盐生产工艺中结晶器母液波美度的测量

钾盐为可溶性盐,加工生产过程在母液中进行,波美度是氯化钾结晶器控制过程中的重要指标。如何较为准确测量结晶器母液的波美度进行了试验,分析了测量数据变化趋势,认为不同波美度计之间存在系统误差,准确测量母液的波美度从而优化结晶器的控制过程对获得良好生产指标具有重要意义。     

Visual Observations Of The Leonid Meteors 1998 In Yunnan

The 1998 Leonid meteor shower was observed at the Gaomeigu station of Yunnan Observatory during five successive days in November. The visual records indicate that the number of meteors increased suddenly, from a ZHR of about 140 to over 400, in the early morning of November 17th, Beijing time. But it decreased slowly in the following two days. During the maximum there was a high proportion – about 10 percent – of very bright fireballs with enduring trains. The brightest one was about -10 magnitude with a smoke train fading about three minutes after. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Climate extremes in Loess of China coupled with the strength of deep-water formation in the North Atlantic

The loess-paleosol sequences of the last 1.2 Ma in China have recorded two kinds of climate extremes: the strongly developed S4, S5-1 and S5-3 soils (corresponding to the marine δ¹⁸O stages 11, 13, and 15, respectively) as evidence of three episodes of great warmth and two coarse-grained loess units (L9 and L15, corresponding to the marine δ¹⁸O stages 22, 23, 24 and 38, respectively) which indicate severest glacial conditions. The climatic and geographical significance of these events are still unclear, and their cause remains a puzzle.Paleopedological, geochemical and magnetic susceptibility data from three loess sections (Xifeng, Changwu and Weinan) suggest that the S4, S5-1 and S5-3 soils were formed under sub-tropical semi-humid climates with a tentatively estimated mean annual temperature (MAT) of at least 4–6°C higher and a mean annual precipitation (MAP) of 200–300 mm higher than for the present-day, indicating a much strengthened summer monsoon. The annual rainfall was particularly accentuated for the southern-most part of the Loess Plateau, suggesting that the monsoon rain belt (the contact of the monsoonal northward warm-humid air mass with the dry-cold southward one) might have stood at the southern part of the Plateau for a relatively long period each year. The loess units L9 and L15 were deposited under semi-desertic environments with a tentatively estimated MAT and MAP of only about 1.5–3°C and 150–250 mm, indicating a much strengthened winter monsoon, and that the summer monsoon front could rarely penetrate into the Loess Plateau region.Correlation with marine carbon isotope records suggests that these climate extremes have large regional, even global, significance rather than being local phenomena in China. They match the periods with greatest/smallest Atlantic–Pacific δ¹³C gradients, respectively, indicating their relationships with the strength of Deep Water (NADW) production in the North Atlantic. These results suggest that the monsoon climate in the Loess Plateau region was significantly linked with the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation on timescales of 10⁴ years.     

A search for high-velocity gas in massive star formation regions

From the IRAS-PSC, 97 sources with steep FIR spectrum and another 8 were chosen for a search for high-velocity gas. Observations of the CO (J =1−0) line were made with the 13.3-m telescope at the Qinghai Station. The results show that 102 sources are associated with molecular gas. 9 of the sources have reference position problem and 21 have multiple spectrum. Of the remaining 72, 29 contain high-velocity gas, and of these 18 are new molecular outflow candidates. Their properties are discussed briefly in connection with massive young stellar objects.