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951.
In order to investigate the impacts of fertilization on population density and productivity on herbaceous plants in desert steppe, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and N-P addition experiments were performed. Each fertilizer treatment included four addition levels, i.e., 0, 5, 10, and 20 g/m2. The results indicated that population density decreased as fertilization levels increased regardless of the sort of fertilizer. More specifically, total density as well as density ofArtemisia capillaris, Allium polyrhizum, and Enneapogon brachystachyus decreased significantly in 20 g/m2 treated plots, as compared with the control plots. Fertilization effects on aboveground and root biomasses were extremely similar to that found in population density; that is, both total aboveground biomass and aboveground biomasses for A. capillaris, A. polyrhizum, and E. brachystachyus were negatively correlated with increasing fertilization levels, with all determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.80. Therefore, in the case of desert regions (annual precipitation 〈180 mm), fertilization would inhibit population density and productivity of herbaceous plants. 相似文献
952.
Rice straw is supposed to be an environment-friendly biomaterial for inhibiting the growth of harmful blooms of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. However, its potential mechanism is not well known. To explore this mechanism, the growth, cell viability (esterase activity, membrane potential, and membrane integrity), photosynthesis, and cell size ofM. aeruginosa were determined using flow cytometry and Phyto-PAM after exposure to rice straw extracts (RSE). The results show that doses from 2.0 to 10.0 g/L of RSE efficiently inhibited the alga for 15 days, while the physiologic and morphologic responses of the cyanobacteria were time-dependent. RSE interfered with the cell membrane potential, cell size, and in vivo chlorophyll-a fluorescence on the first day. After 7 days of exposure, RSE was transported into the cytosol, which disrupted enzyme activity and photosynthesis. The cyanobacteria then started to repair its physiology (enzyme activity, photosynthesis) and remained viable, suggesting that rice straw act as an algistatic agent. 相似文献
953.
World cities and international organizations: Political global-city status of Chinese cities 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
In this study, the authors use a political perspective to explore the relative global status of cities in China. Two questions are addressed. Firstly, by using international organizations as the subjects and quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution of their offices, the overall position of Chinese cities in the global distribution of international organizations is estimated. The results show that 22 Chi- nese cities are involved in international political affairs. Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou dominate these activities and have high po- litical global-city status. Secondly, through qualitative analysis of Guangzhou City, the authors explore how its status as a center for intemational organizations has been shaped in recent years. The locational decision-making process is analyzed and the factors are demonstrated at both national and city scales. The definition of international organizations as used in this study refers not only to those supranational bodies that have the ability to manage relations across states (such as the European Union), but also those in- ter-governmental organizations (IGOs), international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) and diplomatic representatives and delegations that today also manage and regulate relations between and among states. 相似文献
954.
955.
当气溶胶谱满足Junge分布时,Angstrom指数 (α) 可以准确地描述粒子大小,但真实大气气溶胶很少完全满足这一条件,仅用α判断粒子大小会有较大出入。基于北京、香河、兴隆、太湖4个Aeronet观测站21世纪以来各站历时都超过1年的气溶胶光学厚度资料,获得5511组lnτ与lnλ的二次拟合参数a2,a1,尝试找到一种结合α,a2,a1判断粒子大小的方法。结果表明:当气溶胶为粗粒子时 (Vfine/Vtotal<0.2),α均小于0.75,仅用α就可以较好地判断粒子大小,但当气溶胶以细粒子为主时 (Vfine/Vtotal>0.7),该方法会有较大出入,此时a2,a1可以有效地辅助α判断粒子大小,α>0.75,a2<-0.5或a2<-0.5,a1<-1.0是较好的判据。此外,分析发现国外研究提出的用a2-a1判断粒子大小的方法效果并不理想,尤其在1<a2-a1<2的情况下,粒子的组成有多种可能。 相似文献
956.
This study established wetland microcosms that were either unplanted or planted in monoculture with native mangrove species in Taiwan (Avicennia marina, Rhizophora stylosa, and Lumnitzera racemosa) for the purpose of receiving high-salinity mariculture effluents; additionally, the microcosms operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Plant growth and the performance of the microcosms with respect to pollutant removal were investigated. The results showed that seedlings of all three mangrove species survived and grew sufficiently well under continuous flooding. The presence of mangroves consistently improved SS, BOD5, and TP removal, particularly under short HRT conditions. The mangrove microcosms removed pollutants from the mariculture effluents with efficiencies of 5.7-27.1% (SS), 4.9-36.3% (BOD5), 18.7-29.9% (TP), 21.2-49.8% (NH4-N), and 5.4-37.7% (NOx-N). A. marina and L. racemosa were more tolerant of continuous flooding than R. stylosa. However, no species displayed consistently superior performance in decreasing all pollutant-related parameters investigated. For all pollutants, microcosms operating at a 2-d HRT exhibited a higher removal efficiency than those operating at a 0.5-d HRT. 相似文献
957.
958.
Shiliang Su Dan Li Xiang Yu Zhonghao Zhang Qi Zhang Rui Xiao Junjun Zhi Jiaping Wu 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2011,25(6):737-746
Given the important role of land ecosystem in social-economic progress at regional, national, and international scale and
concurrent degradation of land ecosystems under rapid urbanization, a systematic diagnosis of land ecological security (eco-security)
for sustainable development is needed. A catastrophe model for land ecological security assessment was developed in order
to overcome the disadvantages in subjectivity and complexity of the currently used assessment methods. The catastrophe assessment
index system was divided into hierarchical sub-systems under the pressure-state-response framework. The catastrophe model
integrated multiple assessment indices of land eco-security according to the inherent contradictions and relative importance
of indices without calculating weights. Specifically, membership degree of higher level index was calculated based on the
membership degrees of lower level indices that were subjective to suitable model, such as cusp, fold, swallowtail and butterfly
model. This model was applied to evaluate the state of land eco-security in Shanghai. Mann–Kendall’s test was utilized to
characterize its temporal trend between 1999 and 2008. Significant downward trend was identified for land eco-security, in
terms of pressure sub-index, state sub-index, response sub-index and synthetic index. All these implied that land ecosystem
conditions were not optimistic for Shanghai and such situation should draw the attention of policy makers. The calculation
procedure presented in this paper does not require a high level of technical expertise to determine the membership degree,
making it simple and operational. Being applicable to similar land ecosystems, the catastrophe model is thus believed to provide
an alternative approach to land eco-security assessment. 相似文献
959.
Xianjun Xie Yanxin Wang Andre Ellis Chunli Su Junxia Li Mengdi Li 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2011
Mineralogical, geochemical and zircon U–Pb dating studies were carried out to identify the sources of arsenic in the shallow aquifers of Datong Basin in northern China. A sediment sample from 18 m depth containing 10.3 mg/kg arsenic showed a Zircon U–Pb concordant age of 2528 ± 20 to 271 ± 4 Ma that can be divided into two groups (2528 ± 20 to 1628 ± 21 Ma and 327 ± 4 to 271 ± 4 Ma) and is comparable to that of the sedimentary rocks of Taiyuan (upper Carboniferous) and Shanxi Formation (lower Permian) outcropping to the west of Datong Basin. In contrast, a sediment sample from 22.5 m depth containing 5.7 mg/kg arsenic displayed a Zircon U–Pb concordant age ranging from 2561 ± 21 to 1824 ± 26 Ma that is comparable to that of the Hengshan Complex (Ne-Archaean Precambrian) outcropping to the east of . 相似文献
960.
北京永定河谷中元古界雾迷山组软沉积物变形与古地震发生频率 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
北京地区中元古界雾迷山组是太古界至中生界中出露面积最广、沉积厚度最大的地层单元,岩性以白云岩为主,其次为硅化白云岩。雾迷山组层序稳定,形成于相对广阔、持续且稳定沉降的浅水沉积环境。在永定河流域自庄户洼村溯河而上直至珍珠湖景区,在不同层位的雾迷山组露头中集中发现了多个期次、不同规模、由古地震引发的软沉积物变形构造,包括液化变形(液化混插、底辟、液化脉及液化卷曲层理等)、挤压变形(紧密褶皱、板刺状角砾和丘—槽构造等)、拉伸变形(环状层、拉伸布丁)以及脆性变形(地裂缝、层间断层和震裂岩)。文中对这些软沉积物变形的分布和表面特征做了系统描述,对典型的液化变形、挤压变形及拉伸变形的形成机制从形态学上进行了计算机模拟。结合该区的构造背景和前人研究资料,认为该区雾迷山组沉积期古地震系沿中元古代燕辽裂陷槽轴部的断裂活动触发的;根据软沉积物变形的出现频率,对古地震发生频率(地震周期)进行了初步估算,约为3.2至2万年。 相似文献