云南地震前兆与短临预报

在云南地区近３０年前兆观测及其地震预测预报研究与实践的基础上,从映震效能的角度对云南地区的前兆观测进行了一次系统研究,从６４个前兆台站１６８个观测 ,优选出了２０个具有较好映震效能的前兆台项。它们初步构成对云南地区地震进行”时、空、强“预测的骨干前兆指标群。     

云南地区强震活跃期前调制比的中长期近场特征

通过逐年追踪云南地区 3～ 4 5级地震调制比图象 ,在以 0 67≤Rm <1为异常指标基础上研究了调制地震的中长期近场特征 ,发现 :强震活跃期前调制比的异常区预示了活跃期强震的危险区 ;调制比最大值出现在活跃期前 3～ 5年 ,活跃期前 1～ 2年整个云南地区无调制比异常 ;强震连发背景下的后续强震仅在震前 1年异常 ;7级地震间发生的 6 7～ 6 8级地震调制比异常幅度小。     

太行山地形对“96.8”暴雨影响的数值试验研究

利用ＭＭ４模型,设计了４种模式地形方案,讨论了太行山地形对“９６．８”暴雨降水量的贡献;并利用垂直运动和水汽通量等物理量,探讨了太行山地形对本次暴雨过程增幅作用的机制。结果显示,太行山地形对本次暴雨过程的降水中心强度及位置有显著影响,具有６０％增幅作用。太行山地形对垂直运动及水汽辐合也都具有增幅作用。模式地形越真实,预报结果越好,地形越高,降水增幅作用越明显。     

The Co-seismic Response of Underground Fluid in Yunnan to the Nepal MS8.1 Earthquake

In this paper, statistics are taken on the co-seismic response of underground fluid in Yunnan to the Nepal M_S8.1 earthquake, and the co-seismic response characteristics of the water level and water temperature are analyzed and summarized with the digital data. The results show that the Nepal M_S8.1 earthquake had greater impact on the Yunnan region, and the macro and micro dynamics of fluids showed significant co-seismic response. The earthquake recording capacity of water level and temperature measurement is significantly higher than that of water radon and water quality to this large earthquake; the maximum amplitude and duration of co-seismic response of water level and water temperature vary greatly in different wells. The changing forms are dominated by fluctuation and step rise in water level, and a rising or falling restoration in water temperature. From the records of the main shock and the maximum strong aftershock,we can see that the greater magnitude of earthquake, the higher ratio of the occurrence of co-seismic response, and in the same well, the larger the response amplitude, as well as the longer the duration. The amplitude and duration of co-seismic response recorded by different instruments in a same well are different.Water temperature co-seismic response almost occurred in wells with water level response, indicating that the well water level and water temperature are closely related in co-seismic response, and the well water temperature seismic response was caused mainly by well water level seismic response.     

南沙群岛海区晚第四纪碳酸盐沉积

本文研究了五个柱状沉积物的碳酸盐沉积。根据沉积物的陆源碎屑和生物骨屑ＣａＣＯ３沉积作用的特点，把本区沉积物分为五种沉积类；碳酸盐生物组成的门类较多，以有孔虫为主，其次为珊瑚，腹足类等；碳酸盐矿物以低镁方解石为主，还有高镁方解石和文石；与沉积物中ＣａＣＯ３有关的化学元素１０多种。这些元素和稀土元素的含量，比值等，是区分礁相，礁体过渡带和非礁相的标志。所有这些碳酸盐沉积作用的特点表明，区内存在着五种沉     

甘肃省临夏盆地更新世早期湖泊沉积孢粉记录的古气候演化

根据孢粉组合特征,将临夏盆地早更新统东山组(2.50-1.76Ma)的孢粉划分为3个孢粉带(含6个亚带),即3个植被、气候阶段,第一阶段(2.50-1.91Ma,带Ⅰ),植被类型是以柏科、榆属和禾本科为优势种的温带森林,气候表现为温凉稍干,并有逐渐干旱化的趋势.第二阶段(1.91-1.80Ma,带Ⅱ)是以云杉属、榆属和...     

四川盆地喜马拉雅期张扭性断裂构造特征及形成机制

前人对四川盆地盆缘冲断带及川中高-磨地区断裂系统进行了系统性研究,但对于盆地其他区块断裂发育特征、形成演化及应力背景的认识尚不充分.发现了梓潼-成都-威远-华蓥山-广安地区震旦系-下三叠统地层中发育的一套区域性张扭性断裂,主要自震旦系及以下地层向上延伸切穿二叠系地层,多为高陡、小断距正断层,部分形成负花状构造.根据该断裂系统的剖面产状、纵向穿层特征及盆地范围内体现出的分异性,推断该断裂系统形成于喜马拉雅期.物理模拟实验研究发现该断裂体系应发育于扭张性应力环境中,该断裂体系的发育指示了四川盆地内部新生代存在南西-北东向张应力,可能与四川盆地新生代发生的逆时针旋转有关.      

高硒环境样品中硒的形态分析方法

在恩施富硒碳质岩和土壤样品中硒矿物学研究的基础上,提出了硒连续化学提取的改进方案。化学操作上定义为7个连续步骤:水溶态(MQ水提取)、可交换态(0.1 mol/L的K2HPO4 KH2PO4,pH=7.0)、有机结合态(0.1 mol/L NaOH)、元素态(1 mol/L Na2SO3溶液)、酸溶性提取态(15%CH3CO2H溶液)、硫化物/硒化物态(1 mol/L CrCl2 HCl溶液)和残渣态硒(HNO3 HF H2O2混合消化液)。使用HG-AFS法检测了各结合态中的硒形态和总硒,上述流程提取硒加和与总硒间显著一致,平均回收率为99.2%,符合平行样品间变异系数低于10%的精度要求。该方法简单易行,能够准确地揭示富硒地质样品中硒的形态信息。     

CH4 inclusions in orogenic harzburgite: Evidence for reduced slab fluids and implication for redox melting in mantle wedge

Fluids released from the subducting oceanic lithosphere are generally accepted to cause mantle wedge peridotite melting that produces arc magmas. These fluids have long been considered to be dominated by highly oxidized H₂O and CO₂ as inferred from erupted arc lavas. This inference is also consistent with the geochemistry of peridotite xenoliths in some arc basalts. However, the exact nature of these fluids in the mantle wedge melting region is unknown. Here, we report observations of abundant CH₄ + C + H₂ fluid inclusions in olivine of a fresh orogenic harzburgite in the Early Paleozoic Qilian suture zone in Northwest China. The petrotectonic association suggests that this harzburgite body represents a remnant of a Paleozoic mantle wedge exhumed subsequently in response to the tectonic collision. The mineralogy, mineral compositions and bulk-rock trace element systematics of the harzburgite corroborate further that the harzburgite represents a high-degree melting residue in a mantle wedge environment. Furthermore, existing and new C, He, Ne and Ar isotopes of these fluid inclusions are consistent with their being of shallow (i.e., crustal vs. deep mantle) origin, likely released from serpentinized peridotites and sediments of the subducting oceanic lithosphere. These observations, if common to subduction systems, provide additional perspectives on mantle wedge melting and subduction-zone magmatism. That is, mantle wedge melting may in some cases be triggered by redox reactions; the highly reduced (∼ΔFMQ-5, i.e., 5 log units below the fayalite-magnetite-quartz oxygen fugacity buffer) CH₄-rich fluids released from the subducting slab interact with the relatively oxidized (∼ΔFMQ-1) mantle wedge peridotite, producing H₂O and CO₂ that then lowers the solidus and incites partial melting for arc magmatism. The significance of slab-component contribution to the geochemistry of arc magmatism would depend on elemental selection and solubility in highly reduced fluids, for which experimental data are needed. We do not advocate the above to be the primary mechanism of arc magmatism, but we do suggest that the observed highly reduced fluids are present in mantle wedge peridotites and their potential roles in arc magmatism need attention.     

对二郎坪群火神庙组物质组成的质疑与再认识

经研究证明，前人建立的二郎坪群火神庙组确有少量的亚碱性双峰式火山岩。这些火山岩零星地分布在几个地区，走向不连续，出露宽度一般为数百米。构成该组主体的是一条规模宏伟的侵入岩带，其岩石组合为辉长岩－闪长岩－石英闪长岩－斜长花岗岩－花岗岩，总体上表现为正序岩浆演化序列。这些侵入岩普遍经历了三个阶段的变形变质作用，即第一阶段为韧性变形；第二阶段为静态重结晶；第三阶段为带状褶劈理，表现了复杂而漫长的构造演化史。