甘肃大地电场的变化特征分析

对甘肃省平凉、松山、古丰、山丹、高台、嘉峪关、瓜州7个台站的地电场分钟值、小时值的日变特征进行了对比,对2012年3月地电场小时值进行了频谱分析,同时结合地磁场H分量、分量应变(固体潮)进行了对比分析。结果表明:1地电场静日的日变化都很明显,呈明显"双峰"和"单谷"形态,并且NS向与EW向变化形态基本相同;各台站同测向及相互之间的自相关系数基本在0.85;不同台站之间同测向的相关系数多数在0.75以上;这是地磁场H分量与固体潮共同影响的结果。2通过频谱分析各台站的优势周期主要以12h和8h为主,但存在差异性,谱值最大相差20倍。3各台站的日变幅也不尽相同,其中,差异性主要表现为与地磁场和固体潮影响量的差异性,并与台站的位置、地质构造、电性结构、浅层电阻率等有很大关系。     

广东茂名高岭土的特性与应用研究

本文对茂名高岭土资源的地质、矿石、选矿工艺、产品性能和应用等内容做了研究和论述。茂名高岭土是我国罕见的优质高岭土,作为涂料,高岭土的质量可与英国S.P.S.土和美国的ALPHACOTE土相媲美。茂名高岭土的开发与应用,不仅将改变我国依赖进口造纸涂料高岭土的不合理局面,而且有可能打入国际市场。     

不同陆面方案对沪宁高速公路团雾的模拟

利用沪宁高速公路实时监测的气象数据分析了2007年11月24日发生在沪宁高速公路镇江段团雾过程的气象要素变化。通过WRF模式耦合三种不同陆面方案对此次过程进行了数值模拟,旨在检验WRF模式耦合陆面方案对镇江段团雾的模拟能力。结果表明:(1)WRF模式模拟出的团雾天气过程对陆面方案的选择比较敏感,耦合了不同陆面参数化方案后的试验结果更接近实况。(2)水汽参量模拟结果中,SLAB方案比NOAH方案和RUC方案效果好些,NOAH方案与RUC方案差异不大。(3)在地面感热通量变化率模拟上,三者有些区别;在长波辐射变化率模拟上,NOAH方案较优越。(4)在涡度场高值区模拟上,NOAH方案效果比SLAB、RUC方案更好。     

Exploring spatiotemporal relationships among meteorological,agricultural, and hydrological droughts in Southwest China

Each type of drought has different characteristics in different regions. It is important to distinguish different types of droughts and their correlations. Based on gauged precipitation, temperature, simulated soil moisture, and runoff data during the period 1951–2012, the relationships among meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological droughts were analyzed at different time scales in Southwest China. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), soil moisture anomaly percentage index (SMAPI), and standardized runoff index (SRI) were used to describe meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological droughts, respectively. The results show that there was a good correlation among the three indices. SMAPI had the best correlation with the 3 month SPEI and SRI values. It indicates that agricultural drought was characterized by a 3-month scale. The three drought indices displayed the similar special features such as drought scope, drought level, and drought center during the extreme drought of 2009–2010. However, the scope and level of SPEI were bigger than those of SMAPI and SRI. The propagation characteristics of the three types of droughts were significantly different. The temporal drought process in typical grids reflect that the meteorological drought occurred ahead of agricultural and hydrological droughts by about 1 and 3 months, respectively. Agricultural drought showed a stable drought process and reasonable time periods for the drought beginning and end. These results showed the quantitative relationships among three types of drought and thus provided an important supporting evidence for regional drought monitoring and strategic decisions.     

HPLC法同时测定滋阴温阳活血颗粒中两种指标性成分的研究

目的：建立滋阴温阳活血颗粒中两种指标性成分（腺苷和山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷）的同时测定方法。方法：采用HPLC法,选用phenomex Kinetex C_{18色谱柱（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）,0.1%磷酸-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0ml/min,柱温30℃,进样量10μm,检测波长254nm;以腺苷和山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷为指标性成分,共测定10批滋阴温阳活血颗粒。结果：10批颗粒中,腺苷的含量在2.706～4.132mg/g范围内,山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量在3.692～4.948mg/g范围内。结论：本研究所建立方法快速、准确、高效,能够对滋阴温阳活血颗粒的质量进行科学评价。}     

Energy flux partitioning and evapotranspiration in a sub‐alpine spruce forest ecosystem

In this study, we examined the year 2011 characteristics of energy flux partitioning and evapotranspiration of a sub‐alpine spruce forest underlain by permafrost on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QPT). Energy balance closure on a half‐hourly basis was H + λE = 0.81 × (R_n ? G ? S) + 3.48 (W m^?2) (r² = 0.83, n = 14938), where H, λE, R_n, G and S are the sensible heat, latent heat, net radiation, soil heat and air‐column heat storage fluxes, respectively. Maximum H was higher than maximum λE, and H dominated the energy budget at midday during the whole year, even in summer time. However, the rainfall events significantly affected energy flux partitioning and evapotranspiration. The mean value of evaporative fraction (Λ = λE/(λE + H)) during the growth period on zero precipitation days and non‐zero precipitation days was 0.40 and 0.61, respectively. The mean daily evapotranspiration of this sub‐alpine forest during summer time was 2.56 mm day^?1. The annual evapotranspiration and sublimation was 417 ± 8 mm year^?1, which was very similar to the annual precipitation of 428 mm. Sublimation accounted for 7.1% (30 ± 2 mm year^?1) of annual evapotranspiration and sublimation, indicating that the sublimation is not negligible in the annual water balance in sub‐alpine forests on the QPT. The low values of the Priestley–Taylor coefficient (α) and the very low value of the decoupling coefficient (Ω) during most of the growing season suggested low soil water content and conservative water loss in this sub‐alpine forest. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Satellite image analysis using crowdsourcing data for collaborative mapping: current and opportunities

ABSTRACT

Researchers are continually finding new applications of satellite images because of the growing number of high-resolution images with wide spatial coverage. However, the cost of these images is sometimes high, and their temporal resolution is relatively coarse. Crowdsourcing is an increasingly common source of data that takes advantage of local stakeholder knowledge and that provides a higher frequency of data. The complementarity of these two data sources suggests there is great potential for mutually beneficial integration. Unfortunately, there are still important gaps in crowdsourced satellite image analysis by means of crowdsourcing in areas such as land cover classification and emergency management. In this paper, we summarize recent efforts, and discuss the challenges and prospects of satellite image analysis for geospatial applications using crowdsourcing. Crowdsourcing can be used to improve satellite image analysis and satellite images can be used to organize crowdsourced efforts for collaborative mapping.     

Implication of coupled natural and human systems in sustainable rangeland ecosystem management in HKH region

The sustainable development of rangeland ecosystems, the vital ecosystems providing many important ecosystem services for millions of people in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region is presently confronted with a number of challenges. A coupled natural and human systems approach is needed to facilitate effective collaboration among social scientists, bio/physical scientists, and management practitioners to better understand how people interact with the environment in which they live. In pursuing this argument, three existing case studies, i.e. Indigenous rangeland management in Himalayan Nepal, Cultivated Grassland Systems in Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and Grassland Restoration in Central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were synthesized in this paper to address the importance of coupled natural and human systems in promoting sustainable rangeland ecosystem management in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya (HKH) region. It was concluded although the research sites and objectives were very different, that these three case studies had many commonalities that addressed the complex interactions and feedbacks between natural and human systems, and highlighted the integration of various tools and techniques from the ecological and social sciences, as well as other disciplines, in sustainable rangeland management. These case studies have offered unique interdisciplinary insights into complexities that cannot be gained from ecological or social research alone. The results from these case studies can be applied to many other coupled systems at local, national, and global levels.     

Antiangiogenic activity of low-temperature lysozyme from a marine bacterium <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vivo</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis>

We extracted marine low-temperature lysozyme (MLTL), a novel lysozyme, from a marine microorganism through fermentation. Our previous study suggested that a low molecular weight (16 kDa) may exert anti-tumor activity through antiangiogenesis. In this study, we extracted a high weight (39 kDa) and investigated its antiangiogenic activity in vivo and in vitro. Using zebrafish embryos as an in vivo study model, we found that treatment with MLTL significantly inhibited the growth of subintestinal vessels (SIVs) in a dose-dependent manner and that 400 μg/ml MLTL was sufficient to block the growth of SIVs. An in vitro study conducted using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) revealed that MLTL suppressed the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, assays by flow cytometry and DNA electrophoresis indicated that MLTL was able to induce apoptosis of HUVECs. Moreover, further study demonstrated that the disruption of intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis may play an important role in MLTL induced apoptosis of HUVECs. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate for the first time that MLTL inhibits angiogenesis through its pleiotropic effects on vascular endothelial cells and induces apoptosis through regulation of cellular Ca²⁺ levels. The results of this study also revealed a possible mechanism underlying the antiangiogenic effect of MLTL and suggested that MLTL may be a promising new antiangiogenic agent for use in cancer therapy.