芦岭井田单煤层产气潜力定量评价

芦岭井田10号煤煤储层资料缺乏,通过常规方法难以进行产气潜力评价,采用临储压差、临废压差、有效解吸量、不同解吸阶段煤层气解吸效率等指标,建立单煤层产气潜力评价标准,评价10号煤层的产气潜能并通过工程实践进行验证。结果表明,芦岭井田10号煤层的有效解吸量达到了5. 59m^3,具有良好的产气潜能。10号煤层气生产经历快速解吸、敏感解吸两个阶段,最大解吸效率为5. 43～4. 28 m^3/t·MPa,能够达到工业气流的下限标准。     

秋免耕对坝上地区农田风蚀及土壤理化性质的影响

秋免耕是中国北方风蚀区农田保护性耕作的主要措施,对土壤风蚀的抑制作用已得到普遍验证,但对土壤性质的影响还缺乏足够认识,是否具有保墒作用还存在争议.以地处北方农牧交错带的河北坝上地区康保县作为典型研究区,采用野外调查取样和室内实验分析手段,通过比较秋免耕地与邻近秋翻耕地风蚀前后表层土壤理化性质变化的差异,研究秋免耕对土壤...     

英、美土地利用规划环境影响评价及启示

规划环境影响评价发端于20世纪70年代中期部分欧美国家,到80年代末向世界范围扩展。美国、加拿大、瑞典、丹麦等发达国家在土地利用规划环境影响评价方面进行了尝试。目前,西方发达国家在评价方法学等方面有一定的进展。     

西北地区冰雹时空分布特征

应用1991—2000年西北地区基本站资料,统计分析了西北地区降雹的时空分布特征。结果表明：西北地区降雹主要的高频区在青藏高原中部、祁连山和天山山脉西段,并呈带状分布,多雹中心一般位于东西走向山脉的南坡,南北走向山脉的东坡。西北地区降雹旬、侯分布不均匀,产生双一多峰特征,从多雹区各代表站的旬或候际演变看,高原北部降冰雹来的比其南部早且持续时间长,但降雹日数明显少于其南部。天山山脉、祁连山降雹盛发期处于波动状态而高原中部降雹盛发期比较集中。     

Climatic significance of tree-ring δO in the Qilian Mountains, northwestern China and its relationship to atmospheric circulation patterns

It is important to understand the history and dynamics of climate in a transitional region between areas with different atmospheric circulation patterns, where the vegetation and ecosystems are vulnerable to environmental change. We investigated variations in the long-term oxygen isotope composition (δ¹⁸O) in tree rings of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia) and their relationships to climatic parameters in the arid Qilian Mountains of northwestern China from 1870 to 2006. We found that the mean temperature from the previous November to the current February was significantly and positively correlated with the tree-ring δ¹⁸O values. The temperature effect, (the positive relationship between the temperature and the precipitation δ¹⁸O value) can explain the connection between temperature and the tree-ring δ¹⁸O values. Due to pooling of the earlywood and latewood into yearly tree-ring samples, it appears that the cellulose δ¹⁸O may be influenced by isotopically nonhomogeneous water sources and climatic conditions during the previous and current growing seasons. Subtle shifts and amplitude deviations in cellulose δ¹⁸O, which abruptly became more positive around 1977–1978, may be attributed to the shifting climatic regime in China and to temperature variations, respectively. Our results illustrated the potential for investigating climatic or atmospheric circulation patterns based on oxygen isotope records in tree rings in regions near the interface between different large-scale synoptic circulations.     

Framing the picture of energy consumption in China

Natural Hazards - China plays a critical role in global carbon reduction in the context of mitigating climate change as the essence of climate change and the associated environmental issues is...     

丰源煤矿矿井涌水规律及控制因素分析

丰源煤矿位于新疆呼图壁县白杨沟内,井田开采历史较长,存在大量老窑水富集区,且紧邻白杨沟河,故煤矿主井长期面临涌水问题,对主井进行了近两年的排水,涌水量仍未见明显降低,推测主井与白杨沟河、老窑水之间存在较复杂的导水通道。对丰源煤矿及其邻区开展了构造地质调查、水文地球化学分析、地球物理勘探等工作,对矿井突水通道位置和范围变化等情况进行了空间动态连通性分析,基本查明了影响矿井涌水量的主要因素,即:(1)NE向的断层F_4、F_5有一定阻水性;(2)NW向、近EW向节理、断层密集带构成了区域的优势导水结构面;(3)塌陷坑及河道衬砌严重破坏段为拉张塌陷区,构成了地表水和浅层潜水的主要渗漏补给区。     

新疆额尔齐斯河边滩砾石定向性特征及其意义*

综合运用玫瑰图以及Curray的计算方法,对额尔齐斯河某处边滩上的20个观测点的砾石定向性进行了研究。结果表明,研究区砾石长轴存在定向排列且最优方向和河流流向平行,但是砾石定向性特征还和其他因素有关。颗粒支撑方式对砾石定向性有一定影响,多级颗粒支撑的砾石定向性最好,其次是颗粒支撑的砾石。水动力强弱会影响砾石定向排列,当水动力比较弱时,砾石在流水作用下以滚动的方式被搬运,砾石长轴和河流流向垂直;水动力比较强时,砾石在流水作用下以跳跃方式被搬运并且长轴和流向平行,在这种情况下其所受阻力最小,能够保持稳定状态。砾石粒径也会影响砾石定向性,在水动力比较弱时,小砾石(粒径小于2cm)长轴和河流流向垂直,大砾石(粒径大于2cm)和河流流向平行;但是当水动力较强时,砾石粒径大小对颗粒定向性特征的影响就可以忽略不计。因此运用砾石长轴来判断古流向时,要综合考虑研究区的古气候、沉积时的水动力等其他因素,然后确定河流流向和砾石长轴的关系,最后再确定研究区的古流向。     

Fiber-optic monitoring of evaporation-induced axial strain of sandstone under ambient laboratory conditions

This paper presents the fiber-optic monitoring model and scheme for utilizing a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor array to measure relative humidity. The effect of evaporation on reservoir rock involves various physical and chemical reactions under ambient laboratory conditions, which will result in a significant influence on the mechanical properties, especially for the surface of rock blocks in the fields. In this experiment, it was of great importance to better understand the effects induced by deionized water (DIW) evaporation occurring on the surface of a DIW-saturated sandstone core in terms of the induced small strains. The primary objective of this paper is to identify the applicability and feasibility of using the fiber Bragg grating sensors to monitor small strains induced by natural evaporation. This work also brings novel insights into the capability of high-precision measurements to predict the deformation mechanism of outcropped rocks, which often are subjected to natural evaporation. In this work, two arrays of fiber Bragg grating sensors were employed in the real-time monitoring of strain changes along the axial surface of a cylindrical sandstone core and to record the potential implications of the wavelength shifts induced by the evaporation factor. The experimental results could provide novel insights into the influences of natural evaporation on a rock monitored by FBG sensing technology under ambient laboratory conditions.     

Comparing the performance of TRIGRS and TiVaSS in spatial and temporal prediction of rainfall-induced shallow landslides

This study compares the performance of transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional slope stability (TRIGRS) model and time-variant slope stability (TiVaSS) model in the prediction of rainfall-induced shallow landslides. TRIGRS employs one-dimensional (1-D) subsurface flow to simulate the infiltration rate, whereas a three-dimensional (3-D) model is utilized in TiVaSS. The former has been widely used in landslide modeling, while the latter was developed only recently. Both programs are used for the spatiotemporal prediction of shallow landslides caused by rainfall. This study uses the July 2011 landslide event that occurred in Mt. Umyeon, Seoul, Korea, for validation. The performance of the two programs is evaluated by comparison with data of the actual landslides in both location and timing by using a landslide ratio for each factor of safety class (\({\text{LR}}_{\text{class}}\) index), which was developed for addressing point-like landslide locations. Moreover, the influence of surface flow on landslide initiation is assessed. The results show that the shallow landslides predicted by the two models are highly consistent with those of the observed sliding sites, although the performance of TiVaSS is slightly better. Overland flow affects the buildup of the pressure head and reduces the slope stability, although this influence was not significant in this case. A slight increase in the predicted unstable area from 19.30 to 19.93% was recorded when the overland flow was considered. It is concluded that both models are suitable for application in the study area. However, although it is a well-established model requiring less input data and shorter run times, TRIGRS produces less accurate results.