南天山低角度逆断层古地震破裂变形模式

近年来逆冲型破坏性地震频发,这对于逆冲型破裂的古地震研究方法提出了新的要求。由于逆断层角度的变化,在地震中可能表现出截然不同的破裂样式。通过对南天山大量古地震探槽开挖和古地震事件分析研究中发现,低角度逆断层的古地震具有一些常见的破裂类型。本文中挑选了位于南天山三个重要山前逆断裂褶皱带:西段柯坪推覆系、中段库车坳陷的秋里塔格褶皱带和东段焉耆盆地北缘和静逆断裂褶皱带的7个典型探槽剖面,对这类低角度逆断层的古地震进行变形模式、事件识别和位移量计算的总结归纳。低角度逆断层古地震破裂具有以下几种样式并具有各自识别古地震事件和计算位移量的方法:1一条断面对应一次事件的破裂形式,利用断面上断点位置识别古地震事件并判断事件的先后顺序。每个断面各自的位移量正好代表一次事件的位移量。2单条断面多次破裂的样式可以通过上下不同地层的位错量差异判断古地震事件,各个相邻地层之间的位错量差值代表古地震事件的位移量。3多条断面同时破裂的情况表现为多条断面被相同一套地层覆盖,事件位移量为多条断面的位错量之和。4挠曲变形和"推土机"作用是低角度逆断层古地震破裂常见的变形方式,这部分变形量不能忽略,可以通过线平衡和面平衡方法获得断层水平缩短量。     

深基坑降水三维变参数非稳定渗流与地面沉降耦合模型

为了精确模拟预测松散沉积层中深基坑降水引起的地下水渗流场和地面沉降的变化特征,考虑土体孔隙度、渗透系数、储水率随地下水位下降发生的动态变化,建立了深基坑降水三维变参数非稳定渗流与太沙基一维固结理论的地面沉降耦合模型,并采用有限元数值分析方法对模型进行求解。以南京地铁三号线浦珠路站深基坑降水为例进行模拟计算。结果表明：采用15口坑内抽水井,抽水井过滤器埋深为22.0～37.0 m,基坑围护连续墙底部埋深至41.5 m为最优降水方案;不仅使基坑内地下水位满足开挖要求,又使基坑外地面沉降在控制范围内。经验证,所建立的模型合理,计算结果可靠,研究理论用于模拟预测此类地区深基坑降水引起的地下水流场变化具有较高的可信度。     

印尼阿拉弗拉海浅色黄姑鱼形态性状与体重之间的关系分析

随机选取1176尾浅色黄姑鱼其中有600尾雌性和576尾雄性研究其形态性状对其体重的影响,测定性状包括其体长(X1)、躯干长(X2)、尾长(X3)、头长(X4)、体高(X5)、最大体周(X6)、体重(Y)。利用相关分析方法计算各性状间的相关系数,并通过通径分析方法计算其以体重为依变量各形态性状为自变量的通经系数和决定系数。结果表明:雌雄性浅色黄姑鱼各形态性状与体重之间相关性均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);雌性浅色黄姑鱼中各形态性状中体长、最大体周、体高、尾长、躯干长的通径系数达到极显著水平(P<0.01),而雄性浅色黄姑鱼各形态性状中体长、最大体周、头长、尾长、躯干长的通径系数达到极显著水平(P<0.01);决定系数分析结果表明雌性浅色黄姑鱼的体长和最大体周对其体重的决定程度最大;而雄性浅色黄姑鱼最大体周和躯干长对其体重的决定程度最大。经多元回归分析去除偏回归系数不显著的性状,建立多元回归方程。     

Modeling scenic quality of wetland landscape resources in South Dongting Lake, China

This study introduces a method to quantify the scenic value of wetland landscapes and provides the guidance on the allocation of efforts for the purpose of preserving the most important environments.Dongting Lake,a traditional tourist location,is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China and a Grade 5A National Scenic Region. This study objectively analyzes the scenic resources of South Dongting Lake,and presents a model based on Quantification TheoryⅠto assess wetland scenic landscapes.Employing a multilinear regression relationship between land-scape factors and their associated scenic value,we built up the Wetland Landscape Quantification Model(WLQM), which was used to classify 221 landscapes into five grades.Finally,some suggestions are proposed regarding quantitative assessment and its use for the sustainable development of wetland environments.     

深地震反射剖面揭示的海原断裂带深部几何形态与地壳形变

由于活动的青藏高原不断的隆升和推挤作用,在西南向东北的推挤作用和周缘块体的阻挡以及东北缘内部块体挤压形变的作用下,形成了多个走向不同的青藏高原东北缘构造体系.新生代构造变形和地震活动强烈,区内分布多条大型深断裂带.海原断裂是青藏高原东北缘发育的弧形活动断裂带中规模最大、活动最为强烈的一条左旋走滑型断裂带,是重要的大地构造区边界,也是控制现今强震活动的活断层.本文利用2009年完成的高分辨率深地震反射剖面的北段资料,对其进行初步构造解释,揭示出海原断裂带的深部几何形态和其两侧地壳上地幔细结构.结果显示海原断裂并不是简单的陡立或者较缓,其几何形态随着深度变化.在海原断裂之下的Moho并未错断的反射特征显示海原断裂并不是直接错断莫霍面的超壳断裂.海原断裂带及两侧岩石圈结构和构造样式的研究为探讨青藏高原东北缘岩石圈变形机制提供地震学依据.     

Biomarker responses and genotoxicity in the mud snail (Bullacta exarata) as indicators of coastal contamination

In the present study different biomarker responses and genotoxicity were determined in wild mud snails (Bullacta exarata) collected from 3 sampling sites in Bohai Bay in northeastern China, which is a region that is under considerable anthropogenic influence. Significant spatial variability of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and metallothionein (MT)-like proteins were recorded, while glutathione transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and vitellin-like proteins (Vn's) were not observed. Furthermore, genomic DNA that was amplified with 4 fluorescence-labeled primer pairs showed variable genetic distances among the 3 wild mud snail populations found in Bohai Bay, which may be correlated with differences in the types of environmental genotoxicants, such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This multi-biomarker approach provided an improved understanding of the potential toxicological impact of contaminated sediments on benthic organisms.     

Morphology and molecular characterization of the epiphytic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cf. rhathymum in temperate waters off Jeju Island, Korea

Prorocentrum spp. are planktonic and/or benthic species. Benthic Prorocentrum species are of primary concern to scientists and the public because some of them are toxic. We established clonal cultures of 3 strains of Prorocentrum species that were collected from the thalli of a macroalga in the coastal waters off Jeju Island, located at the southern end of Korea. The Korean strains of P. cf. rhathymum, which are morphologically almost identical to the Virgin Island strain of P. rhathymum, were different from P. mexicanum because the former dinoflagellate has one simple collar-like spine in the periflagellar area, while the latter dinoflagellate has a 2- or 3-horned spine. In addition, the sequences of the small subunit (SSU) rDNA of the Korean strains were identical to those of the Malaysian and Floridian strains of P. rhathymum, while the sequences of the large subunit (LSU) rDNA of the Korean strains were 0.1–0.9% different from those of the Iranian and Malaysian strains of P. rhathymum. In phylogenetic trees based on the SSU rDNA sequences, the Korean strains of P. rhathymum formed a clade with the Malaysian and Floridian strains of P. rhathymum and the Vietnamese and Polynesian strains of P. mexicanum. However, in phylogenetic trees based on the LSU rDNA sequences, the Korean strains of P. rhathymum formed a clade with the Iranian strain of P. rhathymum and the Spanish and Mexican strains of P. mexicanum. Therefore, the molecular characterization of the Korean strains does not allow us to clearly classify them as P. rhathymum, nor P. mexicanum, although their morphology has so far been reported to be closer to that of P. rhathymum than P. mexicanum and thus we designated them as P. cf. rhathymum.     

基于抽样调查的安徽农村民居震害预测与减灾对策周安

在安徽省的皖北、皖中和皖南地区,分别抽样4个乡镇总计781户农村民居,进行抗震性能调查,得出安徽省农村住宅在建筑年代、结构形式、建筑材料、地基基础及构造连接等方面的统计数据．在此基础上,运用建筑物地震易损性的概率分析法,对所调查的民居进行震害预测．分析表明,安徽农村民居在基本设防烈度地震作用下,尚不会发生毁灭性破坏,但中等破坏将较大面积发生．提出了农村民居防震减灾的政府管理和技术措施等对策．经济分析认为,增加约3％——4％建房投资,即可基本实现国务院的防震减灾目标．      

广东省揭西金坑铜锡铅锌矿区矿床地质特征与远景预测

广东省揭西金坑矿区目前已初步查明的（333＋334）级矿石量为2245464.8吨,其中金属量Cu：17596.7吨、Sn：5945.3吨、Pb：31536.9吨、Zn：58095.2吨。矿区主要矿体为脉状,均受滑动破碎构造带控制,总体上可分为两种类型：一类分布于灰白色花岗闪长斑岩中,在空间分布上受滑动破碎构造带控制,矿体顶底板为片理化带,蚀变强,呈脉状、透镜状产于花岗闪长斑岩体内的片理化带所产生的滑动破碎带中。另一类则产于石英片岩、粉砂岩、炭质泥岩层间滑动破碎构造带中,主要由多个连续的或间断的扁豆状、透镜体状的矿脉组成。矿体赋存严格受岩层控制,矿脉与围岩界线清楚。本文旨在通过对矿体特征、成矿机理的深入分析,为矿区为进一步扩大资源量提供理论上的启示。