雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区河流形态特征及其意义

为探讨雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区区域隆升的特点,通过DEM(数字高程模型)和遥感影像提取雅鲁藏布江干流和帕隆藏布江的形态特征,引入Hack剖面、SL参数和Amos河宽理论模型进行分析。雅鲁藏布江干流在大渡卡以下河段的Hack剖面表现为上凸形态,SL参数升高、河流宽度减小,在藏布巴东瀑布-雅鲁藏布江大拐弯顶端段,SL参数达到最大值,河流宽度达到最小值;大拐弯顶端以下河段,SL参数减小,河流渐宽。帕隆藏布江古乡以下河段SL参数梯级增高,河流宽度总体收窄,大拐弯顶端附近达到最大值。综合2条河流的地貌特征和区域地质与地理背景,认为雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区的隆升具有不均一性,雅鲁藏布江在大渡卡附近开始进入快速隆升区段,隆升最强烈的区段位于藏布巴东瀑布-大拐弯顶端段,大拐弯顶端之后雅鲁藏布江逐渐远离隆升中心区。     

Mid-Holocene climate change in the eastern Xinjiang region indicated by the grain size and stable isotope record from Lake Barkol, northwest China

A sediment core from Lake Barkol located in the eastern Xinjiang autonomous region, northwest China, provided a high-resolution record of environmental change covering the last ~8.6 cal ka BP. Three major climate stages, 8.6–7.1, 7.1–2.0 and from 2.0 cal ka BP to the present, were divided by grain size and the authigenic carbonate stable isotope of the lake sediment. Climatic drought during the period 7.1–4.5 cal ka BP, deduced from Lake Barkol, prevailed in the mid-Holocene climate in northern Xinjiang and northwest Mongolia. In contrast, it was wet in central Xinjiang, northwest India and the Middle East during the same period. The climatic difference between northern and southern arid central Asia demonstrates the southward shifting of the Westerlies, which indicates the potential contribution of the Siberian high in the mid-Holocene.     

基于GIS 的城市内部人口空间结构研究 ——-以深圳市为例

社会科学开始借助于地理信息系统(GIS) 的空间统计分析方法, 来研究社会现象的空间 模式和非常态分布, 研究社会科学中的空间结构问题。人口是城市空间结构演变中最为活跃的因 素之一, 同时也较易获取、容易做到时空连续, 因此往往是衡量城市内部空间结构的重要指标之 一。借助于GIS 技术, 以20 世纪90 年代以来深圳市城市内部人口空间结构研究为例。研究结果 表明深圳市城市内部人口空间结构总体表现为集聚。具体来说: 1990 年和2000 年深圳市人口密 度均以特区内东门街道为最高, 特区外各街道人口密度增长较快; 1990~2000 年人口重心向西北 移动约4km; 1990 年人口密度函数和2000 年人口密度函数均以反函数模型拟合较好, 从市中心 随着距离增加, 人口密度递减; 空间相关性分析结果表明在市中心附近具有较大的向心效应, 带 来周边邻近区域人口的增长, 而在东部郊区人口分布相对稀疏, 出现部分离心效应。     

A Small Pore Observed with a 1.6 m Telescope

A small pore was observed with the New Solar Telescope of 1.6 m aperture at Big Bear Solar Observatory. At a wavelength of 705.68 nm, a diffraction limit of 0.09″ was reached and approximately 700 small structures were analyzed. The achieved high resolution has revealed details about the dynamics of small structures in and around the pore. The small structures either reside in the pore, enter the pore from the vicinity, or dip in and out of the pore. Their sizes are similar, ≈?0.2″, but their observed oscillations do not show power peaks at the same periods. Horizontal plasma flows were suppressed in the pore by 38 % for average velocities, and 65 % for maximum velocities, compared to the quiet Sun.     

近地面农情视频定位系统实现

农情监测是现代农业信息化中的核心内容。本文提出了近地面农情的视频监控系统方案,通过建立固定云台和移动云台视频系统,结合GIS和GPS软硬件平台,研发视频空间定位关键技术,实现了基于GIS和GPS的近地面农情视频监控系统的连续监测。近地面农情视频定位系统综合反映实时、准确、精细的农情,便于精准农业变量决策和作业。     

Current state of knowledge regarding the world’s wetlands and their future under global climate change: a synthesis

Wetlands cover at least 6 % of the Earth’s surface. They play a key role in hydrological and biogeochemical cycles, harbour a large part of the world’s biodiversity, and provide multiple services to humankind. However, pressure in the form of land reclamation, intense resource exploitation, changes in hydrology, and pollution threaten wetlands on all continents. Depending on the region, 30–90 % of the world’s wetlands have already been destroyed or strongly modified in many countries with no sign of abatement. Climate change scenarios predict additional stresses on wetlands, mainly because of changes in hydrology, temperature increases, and a rise in sea level. Yet, intact wetlands play a key role as buffers in the hydrological cycle and as sinks for organic carbon, counteracting the effects of the increase in atmospheric CO₂. Eight chapters comprising this volume of Aquatic Sciences analyze the current ecological situation and the use of the wetlands in major regions of the world in the context of global climate change. This final chapter provides a synthesis of the findings and recommendations for the sustainable use and protection of these important ecosystems.     

基于Geohash的面数据区域查询

鉴于Geohash编码的全球唯一性、多层次递归性和一维的特性,以及Geohash目前通常只用于邻近点数据的空间查询而鲜用于面数据空间查询的现状,提出了一种基于Geohash的面数据区域查询方案,描述了对面数据和查询区域的处理方法.主要思路是将面数据关联到若干Geohash单元网格,并在数据库中保存网格的Geohash编码与面数据的对应关系,查询时将查询区域根据规则对应到最多4个Geohash编码,再根据编码查询与区域相交的面数据.通过对比试验可知,在数据量较大且查询区域较小的情况下,基于Geohash编码的面数据查询效率较基于经纬度和R-树的查询效率高,在海量空间数据检索上具有一定应用价值.     

宁波北仑蓝天船厂岩质边坡稳定性分析

宁波北仑蓝天船厂的岩质边坡均为人工爆破山体后形成的,由于爆破后的岩质边坡没有经过人工处理,所以边坡具有倾角大、风化强、节理发育等特点,已经影响到厂区的安全生产,必须对岩质边坡进行稳定性分析。通过野外现场测绘,运用极射赤平投影法对边坡岩体结构面进行稳定性分析,并在此基础上给出岩质边坡的总体评价和处理意见。     

基于偏标加权法模糊综合评判的矿井涌水水源分析

白龙煤矿一采区右翼480m水平,开采10#、11#煤层。该区域内煤层底板标高为470m～520m,大部分区域低于K2含水层水位（519.5m）及O2f含水层水位（520m）,为带压开采。由于K2和O2f含水层在水质、静水位等指标上很接近,不能快速准确区分。因此采掘工作面揭露构造出水后,快速准确地识别突水水源是矿井水害治理过程中最基础且必要的工作。通过对10-108工作面历次涌（突）水进行现场采样化验取得水化学指标,选择K＋＋Na,Ca2＋,Mg2＋,Fe3＋,NH4＋,SO42-,HCO3-,NO3-,NO2-共9种化学成分做为评价指标,采用偏标加权法确定权重的模糊综合评判模型,对采掘工作面的涌（突）水水源进行快速识别,分析结果与巷道实际揭露后情况一致,表明该方法是较为有效的。     

煤矿生产对地下水疏干作用的水化学证据

评估煤矿开采对地下水的影响一般都是计算冒落带高度或者降落漏斗影响半径,这些方法都是通过数学计算来推断其影响效果的。本文以生产工作中遇到的实际情况为例,运用水化学分析的知识,通过对研究区不同地点采水样进行分析,绘制水中离子对数指纹图和相关性分析图,并根据图中显示的水中离子浓度的变化趋势,分析研究地下水的补给、径流和排泄途径,从而直观、准确的证明了煤矿生产排水对当地地下水确实存在疏干作用。这种方法也为今后解决类似问题提供了一种思路。