英国新联合政府气候变化政策最新走向及其对中国的影响

2010年5月英国保守党和自由民主党组成联合政府执政,其气候变化政策也相应发生了一些变化。根据7月27日英国政府公布的首份《年度能源报告》、卡梅伦首相的文章及能源与气候变化大臣休恩的演讲,可粗线条勾勒出其气候变化政策的一些基本走向。在国际框架上,新政府把积极推动国际减排,维护英国低碳技术的国际商业利益作为其未来施政的一个重要方向,更加坚持发展中国家承担减排任务及"三可"机制。在英国本土,气候变化的重点则由原来的"减排"转而强调"适应"。英国新政府十分重视与中国在低碳领域的合作。对于中国而言,机遇与挑战并存,需要尽快尽早制定国家级的低碳发展战略。     

Accumulation of butyltin compounds in cetaceans from Korean coastal waters

Data on the occurrence and accumulation profiles of butyltins (BTs), including tributyltin (TBT), in marine mammals are scarce. This is the first study to investigate residue levels and accumulation patterns of BTs in cetaceans from Korean coastal waters. The total concentrations of BTs (sum of mono- to tri-butyltins) in minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) and long-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus capensis) ranged from 15.7 to 297 ng/g wet weight (mean: 100 ng/g wet weight) and from 59.0 to 412 ng/g wet weight (mean: 228 ng/g wet weight), respectively. Dibutyltin (DBT) accounted for 63% of the total BTs in all cetacean samples. Significant species-specific differences in BT concentrations, possibly due to the differences in their habitat and diet, were found between the two cetacean species. The concentrations of DBT and TBT in most cetacean samples exceeded the threshold value for cytotoxic effects in cetaceans, implying potentially adverse health risks from exposure to BTs.     

Biomarker responses in pelagic and benthic fish over 1 year following the Hebei Spirit oil spill (Taean, Korea)

After the Hebei Spirit oil spill incident (7th December, 2007) in the west coast of Korea, contamination of biliary PAH metabolite and hepatic biomarkers in a pelagic and a benthic fish was monitored for 1 year. Concentrations of 16 PAHs and alkylated PAHs in fish muscle were highest (22.0 ng/g d.w. for 16 PAHs and 284 ng/g d.w. for alkylated PAHs) at 5 days after the spill and then decreased rapidly to background levels at 11 months after the spill. Fish from the oiled site had elevated biliary PAH metabolite concentrations immediately after the spill; these declined steadily in both species, but were still above reference site concentrations 2 months after the spill. Oiled-site fish showed hepatic CYP 1A induction whose trend closely followed those of biliary PAH metabolite concentrations, implying continuous exposure to PAHs. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity was not related to oil exposure.     

震源性质的时频分析与事件识别

应用时频分析技术研究了近年来发生在朝鲜半岛的核爆炸、化学爆炸与天然地震事件的识别问题,计算了上述三者的瞬时频率、瞬时振幅谱与群延迟等多项参数,提出地震与爆炸的识别指标.初步研究结果表明,对较大事件,上述三者来自震源的激发频率信息有明显差异性,核爆炸源激发的频率明显高于地震,化学爆炸最低.特别是,这些信息指标对于识别小当...     

地震资料叠前偏移成像技术进展

地震资料的叠前偏移成像技术在国外一直是多年来的研究热点,从克希霍夫积分法到单程波方程到全波方程、从各向同性到各向异性、从一般偏移成像到振幅保持偏移成像、从窄方位到宽方位、从单分量到多分量等,在国外盐下油气勘探和开发中已经发挥了很重要的作用.叠前偏移近几年来在国外的发展,则主要集中在如下几个方面:积分法偏移、单程波动方程...     

In situ cyclic tests on existing stone masonry walls and strengthening solutions

The present work reports on an in situ experimental test campaign carried out on abandoned traditional masonry houses after the 9th July 1998 earthquake that seriously hit the Faial island of Azores. For the testing purposes, an experimental test setup was developed based on a self‐equilibrated scheme, which is herein described reporting on the advantages and drawbacks of this in situ test setup. Five specimens were tested aiming at characterizing the out‐of‐plane behavior of stone masonry walls and strengthening solutions recommended for post‐earthquake interventions. A detailed comparison between solutions' efficiency is presented including a cost vs benefit analysis. In order to assess the efficiency of the developed test setup for other applications on stone masonry walls, an in‐plane test on an existing URM panel is also presented. Several related issues are discussed, namely the advantages of dealing with the real boundary conditions and the capacity of providing valuable information of the response, as well as a detailed analysis of the obtained results. The authors believe that this work provides an increase in knowledge on the seismic behavior of the existing masonry constructions, resulting from the development of an in situ test setup and the efficiency quantification of strengthening solutions. Therefore, the work is thought to positively contribute for the preservation of architectural heritage and for its seismic vulnerability reduction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

HHT方法在受城市轨道交通干扰地电场观测数据中的应用

较为详细地介绍了希尔伯特-黄变换方法,并将该方法中的经验模态分解功能和边际谱功能应用于受城市轨道交通干扰较大的北京市通州区西集镇地电场台站的观测资料中,对城市轨道交通在地电场观测中的影响进行了分析研究.结果表明,在地电场观测台站受到轨道交通干扰时,布极方位与轨道方向一致的测道所记录的数据受到的影响最大;利用经验模态分解...     

断层构造对地震地电阻率异常的影响

分析了典型震例,研究了断层构造对地电阻率异常空间分布的影响;应用弹-塑性二维有限元方法,模拟汁算了含断层的地质体中介质应变的空间不均匀分布.换算为视电阻率变化,解释了震前地电阻率异常空间不均匀分布的现象.研究表明,震源区周围地电阻率中期,短临异常空间不均匀分布的根本原因足断层构造以及不同震源机制引起的地下介质变形的不均...     

数字地图的研究进展和应用新方向

数字地图是现代地图学发展的重要标志.目前,国内外已出现以数字地图为核心的地图数据库、印刷地图、电子地图、移动式地图、网络地图等多种现代地图的开发和应用模式.本文分析和阐述数字地图理论、方法和技术方面的新进展,以及新的应用方向.首先,作者阐述了在数字地图新理论方面的研究进展,并在此基础上提出了数字地图体系结构框架;其次,...     

基于网格的精准农业数据库及示范应用——以黑龙江农场双山基地为例

精准农业是指按照田间每一操作单元的具体条件,精细准确地调整各项土壤和作物管理措施,最大限度地优化使用各项农业投入(如化肥、农药、水、种子和其他方面的投入量),以获取最高产量和最大经济效益,同时减少化学物质使用,保护农业生态环境,保护土地等自然资源.本文从精准农业对数据的要求入手,提出以格网为单元的精准农业数据库的设计思...