用地电阻率探测和监测滑坡体实验

实验采用高密度电阻率方法探测滑坡体的电性结构, 用电阻率变化各向异性方法监测滑坡体的主破裂扩展方向和速率. 实验结果为: ① 电性结构探测实验, 验证了部分原勘测的滑坡体的蠕变体边界和地下水层的深度和厚度, 以及上层介质的性质. 证明滑动带富含地下水层; ② 用电阻率变化各向异性监测实验确定的测点主破裂扩展方向, 与滑坡体GPS位移推断的破裂带方向吻合, 且电阻率变化各向异性系数的变化速率与钻孔倾斜仪测量的滑坡体深部位移变化的速率相应.      

南海东北部下地壳高速层的成因探讨

通过对南海北部大陆边缘地壳结构分析,指出南海东北部存在下地壳高速层,大致分布在112°E~120°E,19°N~22°N的陆坡和拉张程度大的陆架地区,呈NEE向延伸,在海底地震仪剖面上最大的厚度有8km,向南海海盆方向减薄。通过对比综合分析认为,高速层物质组成是底侵作用形成的熔岩垫,由于伸展作用,南海海底扩张（30Ma）前后底侵作用形成了熔岩垫,并促使南海北部大陆边缘地壳抬升,导致区域性抬升剥蚀。     

郯庐断裂带形成演化的年代学研究

通过对郯庐断裂带东侧张八岭蓝片岩带内白云母4 0 Ar - 3 9Ar年龄、断裂带内片麻状花岗岩中钾长石4 0 Ar- 3 9Ar年龄以及断裂带内断层泥K -Ar、ESR年龄的测定 ,并结合有关的地质和古地磁资料 ,厘定了郯庐断裂带形成和演化的过程 :(1)三叠纪 (2 44～ 2 0 9Ma)由于华北与扬子地块碰撞 ,郯庐断裂带形成为其主要左行平移时期 ;(2 )侏罗纪 (189～ 16 4Ma)时郯庐断裂东侧下扬子地块可能经历了逆时针转动 ;(3)白垩纪 (10 3～ 94Ma)开始郯庐断裂带伴随走滑平移而发生正断活动 ;(4)晚白垩—第三纪右旋平移阶段。郯庐断裂的形成与大别 -苏鲁变质带有关。     

中国西北现代气候变化事实与未来趋势展望

利用西北地区建站至2000年常规气象观测站资料及美国NCEP/NCAR再分析全球网格点资料,分析了西北地区现代气候变化的特点,揭示了西北地区气候由暖干转向暖湿的事实.在此基础上对未来几十年气候变化趋势作了初步估计.     

土壤—作物系统中硒的地球化学特征及影响因素研究(代序2)

采用绿色高效的工艺方法实现有色金属工业废水中金属污染物的高效分离和水质净化具有重要的科学意义和工程应用价值。本研究首先对我国有色金属工业废水的排放特征、来源与危害进行了分析;其次对有色金属工业废水的各类常见处理方法的原理、应用、优缺点进行了归纳总结;最后重点研究了离子沉淀浮选法的原理、起源、发展现状等,分析总结了离子沉淀浮选法应用于Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+有色金属工业废水中金属污染物脱除和水质净化分离的优势,在金属污染物的选择性富集、分离效率和工艺设备操作易用性方面具有显著优势。因此,对于有色金属工业废水的净化处理而言,离子浮选工艺有着很好的应用前景。     

Barium Isotopic Compositions in Thirty‐Four Geological Reference Materials Analysed by MC‐ICP‐MS

Measurement of Ba isotope ratios of widely available reference materials is required for interlaboratory comparison of data. Here, we present new Ba isotope data for thirty‐four geological reference materials, including silicates, carbonates, river/marine sediments and soils. These reference materials (RMs) cover a wide range of compositions, with Ba mass fractions ranging from 6.4 to 1900 µg g^?1, SiO₂ from 0.62% to 90.36% m/m and MgO from 0.08% to 41.03% m/m. Accuracy and precision of our data were assessed by the analyses of duplicate samples and USGS rock RMs. Barium isotopic compositions for all RMs were in agreement with each other within uncertainty. The variation of δ^138/134Ba in these RMs was up to 0.7‰. The shale reference sample, affected by a high degree of chemical weathering, had the highest δ^138/134Ba (0.37 ± 0.03‰), while the stream sediment obtained from a tributary draining carbonate rocks was characterised by the lowest δ^138/134Ba (?0.30 ± 0.05‰). Geochemical RMs play a fundamental role in the high‐precision and accurate determination of Ba isotopic compositions for natural samples with similar matrices. Analyses of these RMs could provide universal comparability for Ba isotope data and enable assessment of accuracy for interlaboratory data.     

黔西北峨眉山玄武岩顶部Fe-Al岩系钪、铌、稀土分布特征与富集规律

在黔西北峨眉山玄武岩顶部与上覆宣威组(P3x)/龙潭组(P3l)不整合接触界面附近,常分布一套Fe-Al岩系,近年发现其中Sc、Nb和REE等关键金属富集特征显著,对这套铁铝岩系中Sc、Nb、REE的分布特征、富集规律和赋存形式研究.结果表明:1)Fe-Al岩系中富集的Sc、Nb和REE等关键金属,多数已达到综合利用标准,具有较好成矿前景;2)宣威组(P3x)Fe-Al岩系中,Sc、Nb和REE分布均匀、差异较小,Sc主要富集于下部,Nb主要富集于上部,REE主要富集于中下部,主要赋存岩性分别为含凝灰质铁质粘土岩、豆鲕状铝土质粘土岩和铝质粘土岩;3)龙潭组(P3l)Fe-Al岩系中,Sc主要分布于中部和南西部,Nb和REE主要分布于北部、南西部,Sc主要富集于下部,Nb和REE主要富集于上部及上覆煤系地层底部,主要赋存岩性分别为凝灰质粘土岩、植物屑粘土岩和碳质粘土岩;4)Sc和Nb主要以类质同象形式呈分散状态赋存于粘土矿物、独居石、金红石等中,REE以离子吸附态、类质同象和独立矿物等多种赋存;5)Sc、Nb,REE富集经历了风化作用初始富集,后期成岩改造作用再次富集过程,此外,还与Fe-Al岩系完整性有关.     

The effects of soil sand contents on characteristics of humic acids along soil profiles

It is generally accepted that the compositions and properties of soil organic matter (SOM) are influenced by many factors. In order to reveal the effects of soil texture on characteristics and dynamics of SOM and its sub-fraction, humic acid (HA), along two soil profiles, a yellow soil profile and a purplish soil profile, under the same climate and vegetation conditions were determined. Results indicate that the decomposition and humification degrees of SOM and HA of the purplish soils are higher than those of the corresponding yellow soils indicated by A/O–A ratios of HAs, TOCs and HA yields of bulk soil samples, nevertheless, the development degree of the purplish soil is lower than that of the yellow soil. The variations of E₄/E₆ ratios of HAs along the soil profiles indicate the overall molecular sizes of HAs decreased downward along the soil profiles. A/O–A ratios of HAs decreased downward along both the soil profiles indicate that humification processes decrease downward along both the soil profiles. Leaching of SOM shows significant effects on the distribution and characteristics of HAs in the yellow soil profile but the purplish soil profile, which is consistent with the higher hydrophobicity of HAs in purplish soils, shows that the distribution characteristics of SOM along the soil profiles are a complex result of the combination of soil texture and characteristics of SOM itself. The remarkably different sand contents are concluded tentatively as one of reasons to the different distributions and dynamics of HAs along the soil profiles, however, to profoundly understand the evolution and transport of SOM along soil profiles needs more researches.     

二异氰酸酯与壳聚糖交联产物对金属离子的吸附性能

研究了二异氰酸酯与壳聚糖的交联反应,其产物与壳聚糖相比,酸溶解度由82.04％降到58.08％。DSC曲线表明,交联产物的热稳定性明显提高,对低价重金属离子(Hg     

石笋氧同位素和微量元素记录的陕南地区4200～2000a B.P.高分辨率季风降雨变化

基于陕南祥龙洞石笋XL2的19个230Th年龄、218个氧同位素分析以及896个Sr/Ca分析数据,高分辨率重建了4200～1972a B.P.期间陕南地区季风降雨变化.重建结果显示陕南地区这一时期季风降雨有显著的127～105a和57a周期,可能分别受控于太阳活动、PDO和/或AMO的变化.重建时段有3次百年尺度的干旱事件,分别发生于2200～2100a B.P.,2900～2700a B.P.和3600～3400a B.P.,其中2900～2700a B.P.干旱事件对应于北大西洋地区2.8ka冷事件.对比研究显示,尽管祥龙洞石笋和董哥洞石笋δ18O记录整体一致,但除了2900～ 2700aB.P.干旱事件之外,其他两次干旱事件在董哥洞石笋记录中并不明显.而尽管总体上祥龙洞和和尚洞石笋δ18O记录的差异要大,但XL2的3次干旱事件在和尚洞记录都有明显体现.有精确年代控制的祥龙洞、董哥洞及和尚洞石笋氧同位素记录的差异,揭示晚全新世我国季风降雨在十一百年尺度存在区域差异.