北斗/GPS双模分体式地震观测授时终端的研制

对当前地震观测仪器的授时技术现状进行阐述,统计并分析测震观测仪器授时终端的缺陷,针对性地提出基于北斗/GPS双模的分体式授时终端的设计,并通过硬件设计制作与软件功能调试,实现与地震数据采集仪器的成功对接.在地震台站试运行期间对所记录地震事件的测试结果验证了授时终端的校时准确性,设计达到预期效果.     

基于不同摩擦系数水平的滑移隔震体系的相对输入能量与绝对输入能量的差异性分析

定义了能量变化率指标,以简谐激励作用下的滑移隔震结构为例,探讨了摩擦系数对滑移隔震结构能量变化率指标的影响,通过对这些能量指标的研究,分析了系统的相对输入能量和绝对输入能量的差异性随摩擦系数的变化规律,为后续研究提供理论依据。     

Effects of periodically varying codes on separation of multisource blended data

Current exploration needs are satisfied by multisource technology,which offers low cost,high efficiency,and high precision.The delay time,which determines the s...     

东太湖浮游植物与浮游动物群落的嵌套性及其互作网络的季节特征

浮游生物主要由浮游植物和浮游动物组成,是湖泊生态系统的重要组分.嵌套性结构及物种间的互作关系对群落的分布格局、功能乃至稳定性都具有重要意义,然而到目前为止,我们对此仍知之甚少.为此,本研究以东太湖为研究区域,在2019-2020年期间进行了春、夏、秋、冬季的观测调查,根据浮游生物群落的组成和多样性特征,结合群落分布矩阵和二分网模型研究浮游生物的嵌套性格局及其互作关系,并探讨其驱动机制.结果显示:(1)在时间上,春、秋、冬季水体的理化特征较为相似,但与夏季的水质差异显著.在空间上,西南部区域的综合污染指数显著高于东北部;(2)环境异质性使得浮游植物呈现出明显的嵌套性分布,即秋、冬季群落是春、夏季群落的子集.然而,浮游动物并未呈现该分布特征;(3)浮游生物的互作关系具有明显的季节特征:冬季的互作网络组成最简单,物种竞争最激烈,物种的特异性关系、物种脆弱性和一般性最小,说明浮游生物群落的稳定性在冬季最弱.综上所述,水环境的时空差异性造成的生态位分离可能是造成浮游生物嵌套性及其互作网络季节性变化的主要机制.     

Machine learning for pore-water pressure time-series prediction: Application of recurrent neural networks

Knowledge of pore-water pressure(PWP)variation is fundamental for slope stability.A precise prediction of PWP is difficult due to complex physical mechanisms and in situ natural variability.To explore the applicability and advantages of recurrent neural networks(RNNs)on PWP prediction,three variants of RNNs,i.e.,standard RNN,long short-term memory(LSTM)and gated recurrent unit(GRU)are adopted and compared with a traditional static artificial neural network(ANN),i.e.,multi-layer perceptron(MLP).Measurements of rainfall and PWP of representative piezometers from a fully instrumented natural slope in Hong Kong are used to establish the prediction models.The coefficient of determination(R^2)and root mean square error(RMSE)are used for model evaluations.The influence of input time series length on the model performance is investigated.The results reveal that MLP can provide acceptable performance but is not robust.The uncertainty bounds of RMSE of the MLP model range from 0.24 kPa to 1.12 k Pa for the selected two piezometers.The standard RNN can perform better but the robustness is slightly affected when there are significant time lags between PWP changes and rainfall.The GRU and LSTM models can provide more precise and robust predictions than the standard RNN.The effects of the hidden layer structure and the dropout technique are investigated.The single-layer GRU is accurate enough for PWP prediction,whereas a double-layer GRU brings extra time cost with little accuracy improvement.The dropout technique is essential to overfitting prevention and improvement of accuracy.     

藏南错那洞淡色花岗岩中电气石矿物学和地球化学特征

错那洞淡色花岗岩与错那洞穹隆及周边的铅锌和钨锡铍矿床具有时空上的密切关系.含电气石淡色花岗岩是错那洞高分异淡色花岗岩的代表性岩石.岩相学研究表明,错那洞电气石可分为GT型和PT型两类.本次研究利用电子探针以及LA-ICP-MS分析两种类型电气石的化学组成.结果表明,GT型电气石中Fe/(Fe+Mg)原子比值为0.83～...     

利用Grads软件绘制离散点要素等值线

介绍了用Grads软件绘制离散点气象要素等值线的方法以及Grads软件地图文件的存储格式,并以绘制长治地区雨量等值线图为例, 介绍了用Grads软件绘制离散点要素等值线的具体实现过程和脚本程序原代码.     

Spatial variations of dimethylsulfide and dimethylsulfoniopropionate in the surface microlayer and in the subsurface waters of the South China Sea during springtime

Spatial variations in dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) were surveyed in the surface microlayer and in the subsurface waters of the low productivity South China Sea in May 2005. Overall, average subsurface water concentrations of DMS and DMSP of dissolved (DMSPd) and particulate (DMSPp) fractions were 1.74 (1.00-2.50), 3.92 (2.21-6.54) and 6.06 (3.40-8.68) nM, respectively. No enrichment in DMS and DMSPp was observed in the microlayer. In contrast, the microlayer showed a DMSPd enrichment, with an average enrichment factor (EF, defined as the ratio of the microlayer concentration to subsurface water concentration) of 1.40. In the study area, none of the sulfur components were correlated with chlorophyll a. An important finding in this study was that DMS, DMSP and chlorophyll a concentrations in the surface microlayer were respectively correlated with those in the subsurface water, suggesting a close linkage between these two water bodies. The ratios of DMS:Chl-a and DMSPp:Chl-a showed a gradually increasing trend from North to South. This might be due to changes in the proportion of DMSP producers in the phytoplankton community with the increased surface seawater temperature. A clear diurnal variation in the DMS and DMSP concentrations was observed at an anchor station with the highest concentrations appearing during the day and the lowest concentrations during the night. The higher DMS and DMSP concentrations during daytime might be attributed to the light-induced increase in both algal synthesis and exudation of DMSP and biological production of DMS. The mean flux of DMS from the investigated area to the atmosphere was estimated to be 2.06 micromo lm(-2)d(-1). This low DMS emission flux, together with the low DMS surface concentrations was attributed to the low productivity in this sea.     

2006年4月17日北京特大降尘的地球化学特征

2006年4月17日北京遭遇了近年来最为严重的一次降尘天气。分析了降尘的主量、微量和稀土元素地球化学特征,并与洛川马兰黄土和几次北京降尘进行对比,结果显示本次北京降尘与洛川马兰黄土具有相似的元素分布模式,表明与黄土具有相似的物质组成,并在搬运过程中经历了充分的混合,同时,北京降尘与黄土相比具有一定程度的差异性,表现为北京降尘中Mg、Na相时富集,Ca明显亏损并含有较高的烧失量,降尘CIA值较低,表明降尘源区化学风化程度较弱,处于化学风化的初始阶段,降尘∑REE显著高于黄土,同时轻、重稀土分馏程度也较黄土高,4次北京降尘间稀土元素分布模式对比表明,粒度是影响重稀土元素间分馏程度不同的主要因素。     

利用机载GNSS反射信号反演海面风速的研究

全球卫星导航定位系统的反射信号(GNSS-R)遥感技术作为一种新型的、低成本的、高机动性的海面微波遥感测风技术,与其他测风手段优势互补,可以增加测风手段的多样性,弥补局部测风手段不足的状况。研究了接收机在机载高度时,GPS反射信号功率理论模型四部分函数的性质,在此基础之上,数值模拟了机载高度下理论相关功率波形,基于海面风速对波形峰值与后沿的影响,提出了一种能够兼顾所有理论波形信息的二维插值风速反演方法。利用该方法,结合实测机载数据对海面风速进行反演,反演的风速均值与附近测站风速均值相差为1.4 m/s,与浮标数据相一致。