北京牛口峪地区稳定同位素水文地质研究

牛口峪地区位于北京房山县城西南2公里的华北平原与太行山脉交界的丘陵地带。由于研究区内的牛口峪污水水库修建在地质构造复杂、断裂发育的喀斯特石灰岩上,水库产生严重渗漏,污染了地下水体,破坏了生态平衡。通过稳定环境同位素水文研究得出:水库—牛14孔—牛10孔—马刨泉带为重稳定同位索水分子的富集带,也是水库污水渗漏的主要途径;深部石灰岩含水体中的地下水流缓慢;牛11孔所在的上寒武统泥质条带灰岩含水层与牛14孔所在的奥陶系石灰岩含水层属于两个不同的水文地质单元;不存在由水库通过牛11孔附近向外渗漏的问题;牛7—马刨泉及主坝下的渗漏不严重等结果。      

让江源之说回归真实

介绍了20世纪70年代江源地区的测图情况,指出沱沱河正源纳钦曲是兰州军区测绘部队1974年发现并测图。论述了认定河源诸项标准的由来,指出确定河源不可随意择取认定标准和确定主次。对三源说提出了质疑:沱沱河源于尕恰迪如岗雪山群东南侧两初始冰川,而非姜古迪如南侧冰川;认为把楚玛尔河定为长江的北源,既不符合实际,又搞乱了水系的干支名系关系,并出现多个源头,有违发源地的地域慨念。依江源数十条源流形成的密集扇形分布水系,提出长江发源地应表述为:源于唐古拉山脉北麓。按照认定河源的诸项标准,对长江诸源进行了分析与比量,当曲各项均为最优,认为当曲才是长江正源,源于霞舍日啊巴山峰东侧的多朝能谷地。指出量算长江的精确长度,应顾及诸多因素并建议重新量算。     

CMIP5全球气候模式对1981—2005年东北地表温度的模拟分析

利用中国东北1981—2005年173个气象台站观测的月平均地表(0 cm)温度资料和参加IPCC第五次评估报告的43个全球气候模式模拟结果,对比分析了CMIP5耦合气候模式对中国东北地区地表温度的模拟性能。结果表明：大部分气候模式模拟结果都能较好的再现研究区域的地表温度时空变化,与月观测的时间相关系数均高于095,对年际变化模拟能力稍差,大部分模式模拟结果在整个研究时段均表现出冷偏差。空间分布显示,CMIP5模式能够模拟出中国东北地区地表温度南高北低的空间分布特征,但不同模式模拟结果之间差异较大,模拟能力较优模式能够较好的模拟出研究区域的冷暖中心,较优模式组和较差模式组在夏季的差距达到最大,较差模式组不能再现地表温度的分布特征。通过模式优选发现FGOALS_s2模式表现最优。总的来说,CMIP5耦合气候模式对中国东北区域地表温度的时空变化特征的模拟性能较好,对气候态年变化的模拟性能好于对年际变化的模拟。     

Diagnostics of subseasonal prediction biases of the Asian summer monsoon by the NCEP climate forecast system

Biases of subseasonal prediction of the Asian summer monsoon are diagnosed using daily data from the hindcasts of 45-day integrations by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System version 2. The retrospective forecasts often show apparent systematic biases, which are mostly represented by the underestimation of the whole Asian monsoon. Biases depend not only on lead time, but also on the stage of monsoon evolution. An abrupt turning point of bias development appears around late June and early July, when ensemble spread and bias growth of winds and precipitation show a significant change over the northwestern Pacific (NWP) and the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) region. The abrupt turning of bias development of winds, precipitation, and surface temperature is also captured by the first two modes of multivariate empirical orthogonal function analysis. Several features appear associated with the abrupt change in bias development: the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) begins its first northward jump and the surface temperature over the Tibetan Plateau commences a transition from warm bias to cold bias, and a reversal of surface temperature biases occurs in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and the SASM region. The shift of WPSH position and the transition of surface thermal bias show close relationships with the formation of bias centers in winds and precipitation. The rapid growth in bias due to the strong internal atmospheric variability during short leads seems to mainly account for the weak WPSH and SASM in the model. However, at certain stages, particularly for longer-lead predictions, the biases of slowly varying components may also play an important role in bias development of winds and precipitation.     

白天工作条件下大气激光雷达探测的实验研究

作者在已完成大气激光雷达系统夜间工作的基础上 ,对白天工作条件下的各种环境背景光的干扰进行了理论与实验分析 ,得出太阳直射光和天空光为白天工作的主要背景干扰。实验结果表明 ,经过激光发射与接收视场角严格匹配及使用干涉滤光器 (2 .6 nm和 0 .15nm)进行窄带滤波 ,背景干扰被明显地剔除 ,可进一步压低背景干扰约 2 0倍。证明采取视场匹配及干涉滤光器的措施可基本保证激光雷达系统在白天条件下工作。     

Comparison of short-term toxicity of 14 common phycotoxins (alone and in combination) to the survival of brine shrimp Artemia salina

Toxic harmful algal blooms(HABs) can cause deleterious effects in marine organisms, threatening the stability of marine ecosystems. It is well known that different strains, natural populations and growth conditions of the same toxic algal species may lead to different amount of phycotoxin production and the ensuing toxicity. To fully assess the ecological risk of toxic HABs, it is of great importance to investigate the toxic effects of phycotoxins in marine organisms. In this study, the short-te...     

Three-dimensional mesoscale eddy identification and tracking algorithm based on pressure anomalies

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The Kuroshio Extension (KE) is one of the most eddy-energetic regions in the global ocean. However, most mesoscale eddy studies in the region are focused on...     

Purification and characterization of novel antioxidant peptides of different molecular weights from mackerel Pneumatophorus japonicus protein hydrolysate

Mackerel(Pneumatophorus japonicus) proteins were hydrolyzed by five proteases:trypsin,papain,neutrase,acid protease,and flavourzyme.The hydrolysate treated by neutrase exhibited the highest antioxidant activity.Response surface methodology(RSM) was employed to optimize the hydrolysis conditions in an effort to obtain a mackerel protein hydrolysate(MPH) with the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity.The MPH was fractioned using a series of ultrafiltration membranes and five fractions,namely,MPH-Ⅰ(10kDa),MPH-Ⅱ(10-2.5 kDa),MPH-Ⅲ(1-2.5 kDa),MPH-Ⅳ(0.4-1 kDa),and MPH-V(below 0.4 kDa),were obtained.DPPH radical scavenging activity,reducing power,hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,and the lipid peroxidation inhibition capability of these fractions were evaluated.The fractions in molecular weights 2.5 kDa(MPH-Ⅲ,MPH-Ⅳ,and MPH-Ⅴ),which occupied 93.4%of the total fractions,showed the strongest antioxidant activity;and the antioxidant activities of the three fractions are similar to each other.Using SP Sephadex C-25 and Sephadex G-25 columns,eight fractions were obtained from the MPH(2.5 kDa).The isolated peptide I(1 664 kDa) displayed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity.Therefore,MPH is a potential source of antioxidant peptides.     

四川平武稀有金属花岗岩与绿柱石的成矿属性

通过对四川平武稀有金属花岗岩体的岩石地球化学特征的研究，阐述该区花岗岩与绿柱石的成矿关系。研究表明：平武花岗岩体造岩矿物组合为石英、钠长石、钾长石和白云母；岩石化学成分铝过饱和、富钠、富碱性，稀土元素含量很低，富含Be,W,Sn,Li,Ta,Rb等稀有元素；属花岗岩浆高度分异演化晚期阶段的产物；由岩浆期后的云英岩化形成气成－热液型绿柱石宝石矿床。     

RTK技术在老挝甘蒙省钾盐矿勘查区地形图修测中的应用

以老挝人民民主共和国甘蒙省钾盐矿勘查区1∶50000地形图修测项目实例,介绍GPS RTK技术的基本原理和工作流程,总结出这种技术的优势所在以及实践操作中应该注意到的问题。