RegCM3模式对青藏高原温度和降水的模拟及检验

为了检验RegCM3区域气候模式对青藏高原地区的模拟能力,利用NCEP再分析资料和观测站点资料,采用三种不同的对流参数化方案,对青藏高原地区2006年夏季进行了模拟分析,并重点对温度和降水进行了细致的检验。结果表明：模式能较好地再现青藏高原地区大尺度的环流特征,具有对青藏高原地区的温度和降水分布特征的模拟能力;对于量值的模拟,三种对流参数化方案均模拟出了与实况温度一致的变化趋势,但均存在5~6 ℃的冷偏差;Grell方案模拟的降水量均大于实况,Kuo-Anthes方案对于高原地区的降水量的模拟较为接近于实况,但模式对降水量的模拟能力仍有待进一步提高。     

CINRAD/SA雷达开关组件故障分析处理

根据广州CINRAD／SA雷达发射机开关组件的一起故障现象,结合信号流程、电路原理图,深入元件一级,对故障的定位、检测及排除过程作了详细介绍,并对故障的成因作了推断分析,最后就雷达维护方面总结了一些经验,旨在对雷达技术保障人员提供参考和借鉴。     

中小流域入库径流影响因素的敏感性分析

根据鲇鱼山水库和陆浑水库实测的月平均流量、气温、降水量资料,采用Mann-Kendall趋势分析法、Spearman秩次相关检验、滑动t检验法对两座水库的入库流量进行显著性检验;建立了有关径流-降水-气温的数学模型,并对其敏感性进行了分析.研究结果表明:陆浑水库和鲇鱼山水库的入库流量对降水变化的响应比对气温变化的响应更为显著.入库流量与降水变化趋势一致,与气温变化趋势相反,即随降雨量的增加而增加,随气温的升高而减少.     

需水量预测方法研究

需水量预测的方法有很多种,但每种方法的预测结果都具有误差。在分析了回归分析法以及灰色系统GM（1,1）法的优缺点及其适用情况后,针对其缺点提出了相应的权重方法,对两种方法的预测结果进行了加权处理,并以郑州市为例进行了实例分析,分析结果表明,处理后的结果减小了预测的误差。     

从MODIS资料提取土壤湿度信息的主成分分析方法

沿袭了遥感地物分类中K-L变换思想, 以归一化处理后的遥感数据, 结合地面土壤湿度观测数据, 应用主成分分析方法, 采用MODIS不同红外波段数据, 通过相关关系计算, 在监测结果中融合MODIS具有250 m分辨率的第2波段数据, 建立了青海省多维特征空间土壤湿度监测模型。模型的建立克服了热惯量法监测干旱需多时相遥感数据的缺陷, 经初步检验, 此模型可以在一定精度范围之内监测表层土壤湿度, 具有业务应用潜力。     

2008年11月黑龙江省3次较大降雪过程云图对比分析

本文针对2008年11月2日、13日和15日3次较大降雪天气过程,从卫星云图应用等方面分析了3种不同的云系在降雪过程中的演变情况,并结合700 hPa高空网进行分析.初步得出3种不同云系出现大降雪的一些特征.     

虎林市近40a日照时数的变化特征

对近40 a虎林市日照时数的年、季和月变化特征及与总云量的关系进行了分析.结果表明:近40 a虎林市年日照时数总体呈减少趋势,其气候变化率为每10a减少42.52 h,日照时数年际变化振幅较大,日照时数存在明显的季节差异,各季日照时数年际变化减少的趋势从大到小依次为:冬季、春季、秋季、夏季;各月的日照时数均呈减少趋势,12月减少趋势较为显著,8月减少的趋势不明显.日照时数与日照百分率的年际变化基本保持一致.     

生态补偿机制中的企业责任研究

研究了企业在市场经济体制中的主体地位和企业承担的环境责任,通过对生态补偿的涵义和政策范围进行分析,明确了生态补偿与排污费、资源费之间的区别和联系,提出了完善企业履行生态补偿责任的政策框架、搭建企业履行生态补偿责任的职能体系及创新企业履行生态补偿责任执行形式的建议。     

Variability of ozone in the marine boundary layer of the equatorial Pacific Ocean

This study examines the processes controlling the diurnal variability of ozone (O₃) in the marine boundary layer of the Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands (latitude 8° 43′ N, longitude 167° 44′ E), during July to September 1999. At the study site, situated in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, O₃ mixing ratios remained low, with an overall average of 9–10 parts per billion on a volume basis (ppbv) and a standard deviation of 2.5 ppbv. In the absence of convective storms, daily O₃ mixing ratios decreased after sunrise and reached minimum during the afternoon in response to photochemical reactions. The peak-to-peak amplitude of O₃ diurnal variation was approximately 1–3 ppbv. During the daytime, O₃ photolysis, hydroperoxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and bromine atoms contributed to the destruction of O₃, which explained the observed minimum O₃ levels observed in the afternoon. The entrainment of O₃-richer air from the free troposphere to the local marine boundary layer provided a recovery mechanism of surface O₃ mixing ratio with a transport rate of 0.04 to 0.2 ppbv per hour during nighttime. In the presence of convection, downward transport of O₃-richer tropospheric air increased surface O₃ mixing ratios by 3–12 ppbv. The magnitude of O₃ increase due to moist convection was lower than that observed over the continent (as high as 20–30 ppbv). Differences were ascribed to the higher O₃ levels in the continental troposphere and weaker convection over the ocean. Present results suggest that moist convection plays a role in surface-level O₃ dynamics in the tropical marine boundary layer.     

An indicator of sand storms in the south of the Tengger Desert

The Shagou section contains rich information about the formation and evolution of sand storms in the windward side of of the Tengger Desert (southern Tengger Desert, east of the Hexi Corridor). By investigating the grain size classes and the standard deviation of three sample groups in the Shagou section we discover that every group has four sensitive grain size components, and each sensitive grain size component has a tendency to be finest for the palaeosol stratum, coarsest for the sand stratum, and the loess intermediate between the two. The three sample groups have differences in their grain size distributions. Both S1 (average) and L1 (average) have two peaks. L1 (sand stratum) has three peaks and an additional coarse peak (275.4-550 µm) which is consistent with the grain size distribution pattern of the modern sand storm samples in the Tengger Desert. Moreover the additional peak of the palaeo-sand stratum correspondingly the interval of the grain size is exactly consistent with one of the four sensitive grain size components. Because the sand stratum in L1 of the Shagou section was the direct result of sand storm process of the Tengger Desert, the sand group percent of 275.4-550 µm in the Shagou section could be used as a sensitive indicator of sand storm in the south of the Tengger Desert (east of Hexi Corridor).