毛乌素沙地绿洲化过程中生态服务价值及生态网络格局演变

揭示沙地生态系统服务价值及其稳定性网络格局的动态演变规律,对沙地分区治理及农、林、牧产业结构调整具有重要意义。以1986年以来土地利用变化数据为基础,统计分析毛乌素沙地生态系统服务价值（ESV）时空分异规律,以生态服务价值最大化为目标和策略,利用最小累积阻力模型（MCR）,探讨了毛乌素沙地生态网络格局演变规律。结果表明：（1）1986—2020年,随着毛乌素沙地绿洲化过程的推进,林地取代沙地成为毛乌素沙地的主导地类,2020年林草覆盖率达71.38%。（2）1986—2020年,毛乌素沙地生态服务价值整体上升了198.76亿元,1986—2006、2006—2020年沙地生态服务价值增长速率分别为每年2.51亿元和10.62亿元;从空间上来看极高生态服务价值区集中分布在河南乡和毛盖图苏木,至2016年以来逐渐扩展到苏米图苏木、嘎鲁图镇等区域。（3）生态网络格局呈明显的双区分异,即生态网络稀疏的西北区,以沙地复垦地、流动沙丘和半流动沙丘为主;以及生态网络稠密的东南区,以林草覆盖率较高的固定沙地和河流、湖泊水资源丰富地区为主,且随生态服务价值高值点迁移,稳定性网络结构逐年向东北方向偏移。     

典型岩溶槽谷区土壤水和地下水氢氧稳定同位素对隧道建设的响应

隧道建设引起地下水流场改变,对区域水分运移过程造成严重影响.以重庆市中梁山岩溶槽谷为例,于2017年4月～2019年4月收集降水、土壤水、地下水和隧道排水,利用氢氧稳定同位素分析隧道影响区和非隧道影响区的土壤水和地下水运移过程,探索隧道建设对其产生的影响.结果表明:隧道影响区土壤水δ2H和δ18O变化幅度较非隧道影响区...     

基于Web的潜在矿产资源评价空间决策支持系统研究

为了将定性的地质理论与计算机定量化分析结合起来应用于潜在矿产资源评价,并在潜在矿产资源评价决策支持中能够共享异构分布的决策资源,本研究采用了SOA(Service-oriented architecture)架构的软件开发方法,使用了Web Services技术,集成GMS、GIS和DSS功能,设计了基于Web的潜在矿产资源评价空间决策支持系统。本文选择了潜在铁矿资源评价作为实例对系统进行了验证,验证结果表明,该系统具有模型驱动、决策支持和空间分析集成、基于Web的决策资源共享、评价决策支持方式定性和定量有机结合的优点。     

新疆昌吉喀拉扎山U形谷的发现及其古气候意义

笔者等在新疆乌鲁木齐西南40 km的喀拉扎山脊北侧发现十几条并排分布的U形谷,而U形谷之间以刃脊相隔。这些U形谷发育在上侏罗统巨厚层长石砂岩露头表面,据其形态和分布特征属于冰川悬谷。这个发现揭示了喀拉扎山脊以南曾经发育过海拔2000 m的冰帽,而冰帽的发育时间为更新世,更可能是晚更新世。中国西北尚无第四纪冰帽的报道,本文的发现为中国西北地区第四纪冰川和古气候研究提供了新的材料。由于新疆比青藏高原海拔低、更加干旱,新疆U形谷的发现也为青藏高原更新世大冰盖的存在提供了新的佐证材料。     

Comprehensive evaluation of urban flood-bearing risks based on combined compound fuzzy matter-element and entropy weight model

The extreme precipitation events caused by climate change and the rapid development of urbanization have brought hidden flood risks to the cities. This paper comprehensively considered two major factors of vulnerability of urban flood-bearing and disaster prevention and mitigation (DPAM) capacity and built a comprehensive evaluation index system for urban flood-bearing risks. Secondly, a combined model consisted of composite fuzzy matter-element and entropy weight model was constructed to calculate the comprehensive risk indicator. Finally, the Zhengzhou City was taken as an example, the comprehensive indices of urban flood-bearing risk from 2006 to 2015 were evaluated. The results showed that the comprehensive risk of Zhengzhou City was generally on a slow upward trend, from II level (moderate-risk) in 2006 to III level (secondary high-risk) in 2015, which was mainly due to the mismatch between the rapid development of urbanization and the slow improvement of DPAM capabilities. This paper is expected to provide scientific reference and technical support for urban flood disaster prevention and sponge city construction.

     

准南煤田硫磺沟矿区向斜-承压式煤层气富集模式

通过系统收集、分析准南煤田硫磺沟矿区最新的勘探资料和生产资料,对影响硫磺沟矿区煤层气富集的煤阶、构造、水文、盖层等诸多因素进行研究。结果表明:多期构造活动形成了阿克德向斜及其北翼逆断层,三角洲平原沼泽控制了厚煤层发育,扇三角洲相、河流相、湖泊相控制了封盖层,火烧区影响下的弱径流地下水动力系统封堵了煤层气。上述因素共同控制了硫磺沟矿区向斜-承压煤层气富集模式。具有深埋藏、高矿化度地下水及封闭盖层条件的阿克德向斜轴部和临近轴部的两翼地区为煤层气有利富集区。     

A re-assessment of nickel-doping method in iron isotope analysis on rock samples using multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Element doping has been proved to be a useful method to correct for the mass bias fractionation when analyzing iron isotope compositions. We present a systematic re-assessment on how the doped nickel may affect the iron isotope analysis in this study by carrying out several experiments. We find three important factors that can affect the analytical results, including the Ni:Fe ratio in the analyte solutions, the match of the Ni:Fe ratio between the unknown sample and standard solutions, and the match of the Fe concentration between the sample and standard solutions. Thus, caution is required when adding Ni to the analyte Fe solutions before analysis. Using our method, the δ⁵⁶Fe and δ⁵⁷Fe values of the USGS standards W-2a, BHVO-2, BCR-2, AGV-2 and GSP-2 are consistent with the recommended literature values, and the long-term (one year) external reproducibility is better than 0.03 and 0.05‰ (2SD) for δ⁵⁶Fe and δ⁵⁷Fe, respectively. Therefore, the analytical method established in our laboratory is a method of choice for high quantity Fe isotope data in geological materials.

     

Syn-sedimentary hydrothermal dolomites in a lacustrine rift basin: Petrographic and geochemical evidence from the lower Cretaceous Erlian Basin,Northern China

Dolomites occur extensively in the lower Cretaceous along syn-sedimentary fault zones of the Baiyinchagan Sag, westernmost Erlian Basin, within a predominantly fluvial–lacustrine sedimentary sequence. Four types of dolomite are identified, associated with hydrothermal minerals such as natrolite, analcime and Fe-bearing magnesite. The finely-crystalline dolomites consist of anhedral to subhedral crystals (2 to 10 μm), evenly commixed with terrigenous sediments that occur either as matrix-supporting grains (Fd1) or as massive argillaceous dolostone (Fd2). Medium-crystalline (Md) dolomites are composed of subhedral to euhedral crystals aggregates (50 to 250 μm) and occur in syn-sedimentary deformation laminae/bands. Coarse-crystalline (Cd) dolomites consist of non-planar crystals (mean size >1 mm), and occur as fracture infills cross-cutting the other dolomite types. The Fd1, Md and Cd dolomites have similar values of δ¹⁸O (−20·5 to −11·0‰ Vienna PeeDee Belemnite) and δ¹³C (+1·4 to +4·5‰ Vienna PeeDee Belemnite), but Fd2 dolomites are isotopically distinct (δ¹⁸O −8·5 to −2·3‰ Vienna PeeDee Belemnite; δ¹³C +1·4 to +8·6‰ Vienna PeeDee Belemnite). Samples define three groups which differ in light rare-earth elements versus high rare-earth elements enrichment/depletion and significance of Tb, Yb and Dy anomalies. Medium-crystalline dolomites have signatures that indicate formation from brines at very high temperature, with salinities of 11·8 to 23·2 eq. wt. % NaCl and T_h values of 167 to 283°C. The calculated temperatures of Fd1 and Cd dolomites extend to slightly lower values (141 to 282°C), while Fd2 dolomites are distinctly cooler (81 to 124°C). These results suggest that the dolomites formed from hydrothermal fluid during and/or penecontemporaneous with sediment deposition. Faults and fractures bounding the basin were important conduits through which high-temperature Mg-rich fluids discharged, driven by an abnormally high heat flux associated with local volcanism. It is thought that differing amounts of cooling and degassing of these hydrothermal fluids, and of mixing with lake waters, facilitated the precipitation of dolomite and associated minerals, and resulted in the petrographic and geochemical differences between the dolomites.     

火山岩—侵入岩的联系

关于侵入岩和火山岩二者之间的联系,已有上百年的争论。该争论主要集中于中—酸性岩,对于长英质火山岩的岩浆来源目前主要有2种观点：（1）由花岗质岩浆的“晶粥”中的熔体抽离而来;（2）与同期侵入岩无关,具有独立的岩浆形成过程。近些年来,随着高精度定年测试方法的进步和地球物理等研究方式的介入,对长英质火山岩和侵入岩二者的成因联系有了新的认知,“晶粥”模型和“穿地壳岩浆系统”受到较多关注,但同时也带来了新的矛盾和问题。文章系统总结了火山岩与侵入岩联系的不同观点、历史沿革、以及不同研究方法引起的争议,展望了该领域未来研究前景;提出大数据总体上展现出的长英质火山岩和侵入岩之间强烈的地球化学相似性,但这种总体上的相似性并不排除特定区域某个火山—侵入杂岩中的火山岩和侵入岩之间存在地球化学的差异,并在成因上符合“晶粥”模型。文章指出,深部探测、原位精细分析和实验模拟是火山岩—侵入岩成因联系研究方面有望取得突破的重要研究方向,而将火山岩—侵入岩形成机制与大陆演化和环境变迁等问题的研究有机结合可能是未来的重要研究领域。     

新疆东准噶尔地区老君庙岩群时代厘定、原岩恢复及对基底的指示意义

老君庙岩群出露于准噶尔盆地东北緣,发育一套高绿片岩相-角闪岩相变质岩,其形成时代和构造背景长期以来存在争议。对钾长糜棱片岩进行锆石U-Pb定年,结果显示老君庙岩群年龄值主要集中在500~54OMa之间,少数为新元古代早期(740~920Ma),根据最年轻的峰值年龄(约520Ma)将老君庙岩群时代重新厘定为早寒武世。利用岩石地球化学特征对老君庙岩群进行原岩恢复,显示其具有大陆壳的特征,原岩建造类似复理石建造,其形成的构造环境应属陆緣海环境。关于准噶尔盆地基底属性的问题一直没有定论,通过本次研究,结合区域资料,认为东准噶尔地区存在前寒武基底。