中国地壳结构构造与形成过程:来自构造变形的约束

中国地壳结构构造与形成过程,一直是地质界关注的重大地质构造问题。然而已有研究主要侧重于构造单元划分和构造演化,而对各个构造单元构造变形以及相互之间的构造关系,没有给予足够重视。文章基于对已有资料的综合研究和笔者研究积累,分析和总结了华南、华北、东北、西北、青藏高原和苏鲁-大别-秦岭等地区的构造变形特征与地壳结构构造,根据构造变形特征,结合其他方面的资料,提出松辽盆地两侧构造单元可以对比连接,东准噶尔与西准噶尔以及东天山与西天山构造单元分别属于不同古陆的增生边缘不应该对比连接,牡丹江缝合带不存在,以及中国东部发育两个方向的隆起-坳陷构造等新认识。基于不同时代构造变形特征,对华北古陆基底结构和形成时代、塔里木和扬子古陆基底形成时代、古生代至三叠纪中国大陆主体聚合过程以及侏罗纪以来中国东部构造变形对已有构造的叠加改造和现今中国地壳结构构造最终形成,进行了初步讨论。      

贵州思南石林资源特征及成景机制探讨

贵州思南石林目前正建设成为思南乌江喀斯特国家地质公园长坝石林景区。本文通过石林的形态特征对比研究及区域地质环境的调查,分析了石林的景观资源特征,并探讨了石林的形成条件和发育演化过程,结果表明:（1）思南石林属溶洼边坡型石林,石林形态多样、个体高大且象形景观众多,加之石林生态环境良好,风光秀美,具有较高的观赏、科研和科普及开发价值。（2）思南石林以质纯层厚的下二叠统深色泥晶灰岩为主,并处于南东-北西构造应力带上,利于较高大石林的形成和保存;地貌上,石林发育在喀斯特单面山与溶蚀洼地之间的斜坡上,不同地貌部位的水动力条件导致石林形态和分布的差异;气候上,思南地区自新第三纪以来以热带、亚热带温湿气候为主,为石林的形成提供了充足的外营力条件;此外,来自碎屑岩区的外源水侵蚀和下伏碎屑岩的隔水顶托作用为大面积石林的形成提供了很好的水环境条件。（3）石林形成过程可归纳为海侵沉积、抬升剥蚀、构造变形、土下溶蚀和地表塑造5个阶段;其中地表塑造阶段是石林的成景时期,依据有关侵蚀数据计算得出石林成景时代约为30.04~45.06 ka,即晚更新世中晚期。      

基于不同设定地震方法的长周期建筑设计反应谱的对比分析

Two kinds of determining methods for scenario earthquakes are presented in this paper, namely the weighted average method and maximum probability method. This paper briefly introduces the two methods, then taking a high-rise building in the Yantai area as a case study, we use the weighted average method and maximum probability method to realize seismic hazard analysis, determine earthquake magnitude, the epicenter and specific space position, and then give two response spectrums of the two methods. By comparing the differences of response spectrums between the two methods, we find that the weighted average method is more suitable for long period structures, while considering long period safety. The maximum probability method is more suitable for short period structures. It is reasonable to choose a corresponding different method when the structures have different natural vibration periods.     

井水位前驱波普遍性问题的探讨

Taking five underground water level observation wells with high earthquake response capability and located in Shanxi, Hebei and Inner Mongolia as study objects, this paper studies and discusses the gen...     

考虑地震环境影响的高层建筑设定地震研究

以烟台地区一高层建筑为研究对象,结合概率地震危险性分析结果,确定出不同周期下的最大贡献潜源区.再利用震级空间联合概率分布函数以及震级、震中距计算公式计算设定地震震级和震中距,并结合研究区的地震地质背景、发震断裂及其活动性等特征,给出设定地震的具体空间位置.最后根据震级、震中距以及地震动衰减关系确定设定地震反应谱.该方法得到的结果能够直接反映地震危险性,有利于获得考虑地震环境影响的基岩地震动输入参数.此外,还可以为研究区自振周期小于6s的建(构)筑物的抗震设防提供参考依据.     

Managing water resources system in a mixed inexact environment using superiority and inferiority measures

A superiority–inferiority-based fuzzy-stochastic integer programming (SI-FSIP) method is developed for water resources management under uncertainty. In the SI-FSIP method, techniques of fuzzy mathematical programming with the superiority and inferiority measures and joint chance-constrained programming are integrated into an inexact mixed integer linear programming framework. The SI-FSIP improves upon conventional inexact fuzzy programming by directly reflecting the relationships among fuzzy coefficients in both the objective function and constraints with a high computational efficiency, and by comprehensively examining the risk of violating joint probabilistic constraints. The developed method is applied to a case study of water resources planning and flood control within a multi-stream and multi-reservoir context, where several studied cases (including policy scenarios) associated with different joint and individual probabilities are investigated. Reasonable solutions including binary and continuous decision variables are generated for identifying optimal strategies for water allocation, flood diversion and capacity expansion; the tradeoffs between total benefit and system-disruption risk are also analyzed. As the first attempt for planning such a water-resources system through the SI-FSIP method, it has potential to be applied to many other environmental management problems.     

The dynamic of vegetation coverage and its response to climate factors in Inner Mongolia, China

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is widely recognized as a good indicator of vegetation productivity. Diagnosing the NDVI trend and understanding climatic factors influences on NDVI can predict the productivity changes under different climatic scenarios. This paper examined NDVI dynamic and its response to climate factors during a 10 year period (1998–2008) in Inner Mongolia. The main findings are as follows: (1) The NDVI multi-scale characters can be revealed well by wavelet transform, and the average NDVI and the NDVI amplitude show a gradually decreased trend from northeast to southwest in Inner Mongolia during the past 10 years, furthermore, this trend is consistent with the heat and water distribution caused by latitude difference in north–south direction and Asia monsoon effect in east–west direction. (2) The relation between NDVI and temperature is the most close, followed by precipitation, sunshine hours and relative humidity. Different vegetation cover types show different strengths in correlation between NDVI and climate variables with the correlation values decreasing from forest, meadow steppe to desert steppe in whole. (3) The precipitation and temperature have the same change cycle, both nearly 290 days in the 20 selected stations. The NDVI has the same change cycle with the precipitation and temperature or either 10 days earlier or later than precipitation and temperature, which supports the significant correlation between NDVI and its climatic factors from a new perspective. The nearly 290 days change cycle implies that the vegetation growth cycle is nearly 10 months and there are no obvious differences change cycles in different vegetations. (4) Vegetation dynamic is significantly correlated to the temperature and precipitation at the time scale of 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320-day, respectively, and the S3 scale (i.e., the time scale of 80-day), nearly 3 months (one season), is most significant and suitable for evaluating the vegetation dynamic to climatic factors.     

低聚壳聚糖与葡萄糖的美拉德反应及其衍生物活性研究

研究低聚壳聚糖与葡萄糖的美拉德反应,考察了三种体系(低聚壳聚糖的氨基与葡萄糖的羰基的物质量比分别为1∶1、1∶3和3∶1)反应过程中pH、吸光度峰值以及荧光值峰值的变化,醇沉法提取低聚壳聚糖关拉德反应衍生物CG1∶1、CG1∶3和CG3∶1.对三种衍生物进行红外表征和分子质量测定,并研究其抗氧化效果(对超氧阴离子O2-,羟基自由基OH,DPPH的清除能力,还原能力),结果显示:三种低聚壳聚糖衍生物对O2-、OH、DPPH的清除能力及还原能力都明显优于低聚壳聚糖,且CG1∶1最佳,其次是CG1∶3,最差的是CG3∶1.同时,研究了低聚壳聚糖及其三种衍生物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果,结果显示:低聚壳聚糖及其三种衍生物随着浓度增加,对两种菌的抑菌效果增强,且三种衍生物的抑菌效果优于低聚壳聚糖本身.同时,三种衍生物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用强于对大肠杆菌的抑制作用.提示:低聚壳聚糖与葡萄糖的美拉德反应产物有强的抗氧化性和抑菌性,且其抗氧化性和抑菌性的强弱与反应物的氨基与羰基比例有关.