Review of Remotely Sensed Imagery Classification Patterns Based on Object-oriented Image Analysis

1 Introduction With the rapid development of remotely sensed (RS) information collection, transfer and storage in the last two decades, the limitation of RS application is becom- ing weaker because of availability of multiple RS data sources of increasingly finer spatial, temporal, spectral and radiant dimensions. In the high spatial-resolution RS imagery, characteristics of land-cover are fairly clear such as spatial shape, structure, texture, etc., so the mixture of different land covers …     

基于GIS和专家知识的滇西南地区滑坡敏感性模糊逻辑推理方法

为了充分识别和有效减轻滑坡灾害风险,对滇西南南涧(约470 km²)和凤庆—昌宁(约2300 km²)两个研究区开展了基于GIS和专家知识的滑坡敏感性模糊逻辑评价研究。通过检查模型计算得到的历史滑坡点敏感性值与整个研究区域的滑坡敏感性平均值是否不同来评价本方法的性能,用Z值检查来测试差异的统计显著性。计算结果显示,南涧地区的Z值为4.1,相应的P值小于0.001,表明通过模型计算得到的滑坡敏感性值是该区域滑坡事件发生的良好指标;凤庆—昌宁地区的Z值为8.93,相应的P值小于0.001。在此基础上,采用自然断点法对滑坡敏感性值进行分类,根据分类结果将滑坡敏感性水平划分成5个等级:极低(0.0~0.001)、较低(0.001~0.051)、中等(0.051~0.394)、较高(0.394~0.557)和极高(0.557~1.0)。敏感性极低和较低的地区没有发现历史滑坡记录;敏感性极高地区的历史滑坡密度约是敏感性较高地区的4倍,约为敏感性中等地区的10倍。凤庆—昌宁地区的研究结果表明,从区域专家群中提取的滑坡敏感性与环境因子关系的知识可以外延到滇西南其它地区。     

贵州草海喀斯特高原湖泊湿地甲烷氧化菌群落特征及功能探析

草海是由喀斯特盆地积水发育而形成的一个完整的、典型的高原湖泊湿地生态系统,同时也是中国面积最大的岩溶构造湖.甲烷氧化菌作为一类能够将甲烷氧化为CO₂和水的独特微生物,其活动与生态系统中能量流动和元素循环的关键步骤密不可分.为了解贵州草海喀斯特高原湖泊湿地中甲烷氧化菌的群落结构特征及功能,利用宏基因组技术对浅水沼泽、莎草湿地、深水沉积物进行研究.结果表明,草海湿地中主要的好氧甲烷氧化菌为Methylobacter和Methylomonas,主要的厌氧甲烷氧化菌为Candidatus_Methylomirabilis_oxyfera,属于NC10门的反硝化型厌氧甲烷氧化菌.所研究的4种代谢功能基因种类多样性表现为碳代谢＞氮代谢＞硫代谢＞甲烷代谢;基于KEGG数据库共注释到6大类功能和18条与碳、甲烷、氮、硫相关的完整代谢路径.PCoA分析表明浅水沼泽和莎草湿地中甲烷氧化菌的种类和功能相似,且与深水沉积物存在差异.物种与功能相关性网络分析结果显示Methylacidiphilum_fumariolicum和Methylacidiphilum_kamchatkense与草海湖泊湿地中的各个代谢功能均具有较强的相关性.显著影响草海湿地中大多数甲烷氧化菌的群落结构的环境因素是硝酸盐、电导率、总磷和有机质.     

2022年青海门源MS6.9地震后冷龙岭断裂未来强震的水平位错量评估

2022年1月8日青海门源发生Ｍ_S6.9地震,该地震造成冷龙岭断裂西端错断了兰新铁路大梁隧道,导致铁路长期停运,经济损失巨大。制定隧道修复方案时,需对冷龙岭断裂未来强震的水平位错量进行评估。结合近年来冷龙岭断裂的最新研究进展,同时采用确定性方法和概率断层位错危险性分析方法评估冷龙岭断裂未来强震的水平位错量。考虑不确定因素影响,同时采用3名研究者提供的震级与最大位错量经验关系式进行估算。结果表明,不同经验关系式会对评估结果产生显著影响,其中根据确定性方法得到的冷龙岭断裂未来强震的水平位错量为2.32～4.36 m,均值为3.57 m。概率断层位错危险性分析结果随着超越概率的降低而增大,50年超越概率2%、100年超越概率2%和100年超越概率1%的结果均值分别为1.82 m、3.17 m、4.61 m。相较于确定性方法,概率断层位错危险性分析可提供不同超越概率水平下的位错参数,以供不同抗震设防要求的建筑采用。此外,对于地震活动性强的断裂,可采用低超越概率下的概率断层位错危险性分析结果,该结果可能会大于确定性方法评估结果。     

俯冲带深海-岩石圈流体交换及其效应

俯冲带是地球上构造活动最复杂、最强烈的区域,也是地球物质循环系统的重要组成部分,对俯冲带的深入研究有助于加深我们对地球系统科学的认识。通过系统地梳理分析国内外相关文献,大洋岩石圈通过在汇聚板块边界的俯冲将大量水带入到地幔中,并对俯冲带地震的发生、地幔的熔融、岩浆的产生、陆壳的形成乃至矿产资源富集都起到了重要的控制作用。弧前隆起区的岩石圈地幔在顺断层渗透的深海水作用下发生强烈水化作用并形成水化地幔,是水富集在岩石圈的主要方式之一。随着俯冲板片深度的增加,在一定的温压条件下,水化地幔(蛇纹岩)发生脱水相变,引发俯冲带中源地震。脱出的水则由于运移的差异,既可以产生板内的水压致裂,也会影响俯冲界面的耦合,进而导致慢滑移地震区的形成。由此可见,俯冲带地区深海-岩石圈流体交换及其在深部的效应是一个包含化学反应-温度-流体流动-应力变形/破坏的多物理场耦合的复杂动力学系统。然而,目前的相关研究工作主要侧重于对其中某个因素、现象或者某个特定条件下具体过程的探索性观测分析研究。因此,我们需要从地球系统科学的角度出发,将流体运移、化学反应与传统的固体地球研究相结合,着眼于多学科交叉的多场耦合动力学综合研究,对俯冲带地区深海-岩石圈流体交换及其效应进行多时空尺度定量化表征和分析。     

Study on deformation of filling composite geological body in loess mountainous area

Natural Hazards - With the rapid expansion of urban area in mountainous areas of the Loess Plateau, the restriction of mountainous terrain on available construction land is becoming increasingly...     

黑龙江省四平山金矿床成矿作用及矿床成因：来自矿床地质、地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及H-O-S同位素的制约

四平山金矿床位于我国黑龙江省东部的完达山陆缘增生带内,矿体主要赋存于下白垩统四平山组,表现出明显的两阶段成矿作用特征。为进一步确定四平山金矿床的成矿作用及矿床成因,本次研究对其成矿地质特征、地球化学、成矿年代学及成矿物质来源进行了分析。地球化学分析结果表明：成矿花岗斑岩为具有高SiO₂（70.07%~72.93%）、（K₂O+Na₂O）（7.17%~8.42%）质量分数和右倾“海鸥型”稀土配分型式特征的A型花岗岩;含矿层状硅质岩中,Al/（Fe+Al+Mn）<0.32、Fe/Ti >20、(Fe+Mn)/Ti>20,并具有较高Fe₂O₃（0.18%～1.79%）、FeO（0.17%～0.96%）、MnO（0.03%~0.12%）、TiO₂（0.03%~0.04%）、Al₂O₃（0.30%~2.79%）和（K₂O+Na₂O）（0.07%~1.76%）质量分数,指示四平山金矿床形成于活动大陆边缘构造背景下与岩浆活动有关的热水沉积环境。四平山金矿床成矿花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄为（113.5±0.7）Ma。H、O、S同位素分析结果（δD=-182.3‰~-84.0‰、δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW=6.5‰~14.3‰、δ³⁴S=-12.4‰~29.7‰）显示,成矿流体主要为大气降水,成矿物质具有以地层为主的多来源特征。综上,四平山金矿床为形成于燕山晚期活动大陆边缘构造背景下的热水沉积型矿床,太平洋板块持续俯冲造成了区域上大规模的拆沉作用,导致区域构造背景由挤压向伸展发生转换,此时形成的花岗斑岩岩浆运移至地壳浅部岩浆房加热上覆地层,在地壳浅部形成了温度与压力梯度带,促使地表的大气降水沿裂隙进入地层后形成流体循环系统,并不断萃取地层中的Au元素形成含矿流体。在成矿早阶段,当压力驱动含矿流体喷出地表后与地表水相遇快速冷却,成矿物质快速沉淀,形成含矿层状硅质岩和硅质胶结砾岩,并通过交代下伏流纹斑岩形成层状、似层状矿体;在成矿晚阶段,随着岩浆房提供的热动力减弱,含矿流体滞留在裂隙通道中或穿切进入早期固结的含矿层裂隙中,沉淀形成脉状-网脉状矿体。     

Differential cobalt-induced effects on plant growth,ultrastructural modifications,and antioxidative response among four <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis> (L.) cultivars

Despite the increasing environmental threat of cobalt in the modern era, less is known as its phytotoxicity behavior. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the toxicity effects of cobalt and to understand the associated physio-biochemical response in Brassica napus, an economically important plant crop species. Five-day-old seedlings of four cultivars (Zheda 619, Zheda 622, ZS 758, and ZY 50) were exposed to five different levels of cobalt under hydroponic conditions. Results showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of plant growth, accompanied by notable chlorophyll loss, protein degradation, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde. Further, Co contents in different plants parts were found to be higher in Zheda 622 than all other cultivars. In all cultivars, the contents of enzymatic activities (SOD, POD, GR, and GSH) were markedly increased following cobalt exposure; by contrast, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities declined with increased cobalt concentration in medium, which was also, echoed by the pattern of enzymes-related mRNA levels. Morphological observations, supported by ultrastructural analysis revealed clear differences in cobalt sensitivity among cultivars, with ZS 758 identified as less sensitive cultivar, and Zheda 622 the most sensitive one. In addition to revealing genotypic differences in cobalt sensitivity in B. napus, findings suggest the mechanisms of cobalt tolerance in this specie could, at least partially, in relation with the ability of plant to sustain the activity of superoxide dismutase and guaicol peroxidase and to maintain glutathione reduced pool through the action of glutathione reductase.     

Time evolution and spatial accumulation of progressive failure for Xinhua slope in the Dagangshan reservoir,Southwest China

This paper presents a preliminary study of time evolution and spatial accumulation of progressive failure for ancient landslide deposits in Xinhua slope. According to the geological response after impoundment, the Xinhua slope has shown the spatial accumulation of deformation, such as ground cracks in the rear edge, toe collapse, local shallow slides in intense rainfall, and progressive creep displacement. Approximately 2 years of monitoring was performed for the Xinhua slope with the assistance of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and field investigations. The deformation process of a reservoir landslide is considered to be a comprehensive and complicated combination of geological influence from various adverse factors. Field investigations and monitoring indicate that the major serious influence after completion of dam construction comes from the initial large-scale impoundment, the fluctuation of water level, and the existence of a flood season. The creep/slip deformation of slope deposits is a result of integration with adverse hydraulic conditions, e.g., strong rainfall, intense currents and transient seepage flow inside the slope deposits, and activation by water level fluctuation, which can be verified from the twofold evident deformation in the flood season. For the reservoir with daily regulation ability, the occurrence of evident deformations in July highlights that the regulation plan for water level in the flood season is important for controlling the deformation of slope deposits, where the fluctuation of the water level is no more than 10 m in the operation period.     

高分辨率时序InSAR技术在青藏输电杆塔精细形变监测中的应用

随着全球气候变化和人类活动剧增,青藏高原的多年冻土环境逐渐变得越来越脆弱。作为青藏高原最重要的基础设施之一,青藏输电线路已于2011年建成并投入使用。由于恶劣的气候和冻土的冻融作用,青藏输电线路部分区域的稳定性遭到破坏,为了保障输电线路的安全运营,需要对输电杆塔稳定性进行监测。传统监测方法（GPS和水准测量）对输电杆塔形变监测存在局限性。本文使用TerraSAR-X ST模式高分辨率SAR数据,采用考虑温度热膨胀形变模型的时序InSAR方法对青藏高原北麓河地区的输电线路杆塔进行形变监测,获得了输电杆塔和通信铁塔的形变速度、高度和热膨胀。结果证实了高分辨率时序InSAR技术在输变电工程形变监测应用中具有广阔的应用前景。