新疆阿合奇地区志留系砂岩地球化学特征及大地构造背景*

塔里木板块西北缘沉积地层的研究,对于恢复南天山洋的演化过程有重要意义。文中利用岩石地球化学的手段,对新疆阿合奇地区志留系砂岩进行物源和构造背景分析。研究表明,阿合奇地区志留系砂岩样品的SiO₂含量范围变化较大,为61.97%~93.91%,平均含量为76.76%;稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分型式为右倾型,(La/Yb)_N值较高,δEu值较低,Ce异常不明显。中-顶志留统塔塔埃尔塔格组砂岩的成熟度高于下志留统柯坪塔格组。地球化学物源分析图解和大地构造背景判别表明: 研究区沉积物源区逐渐由活动型向稳定型转换,下志留统部分沉积物来自于火成岩物源区,具有主动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧性质;中-顶志留统沉积物全部来自于成熟大陆的石英岩沉积物源区。结合广泛分布的奥陶系-志留系平行不整合,认为晚奥陶世研究区为活动大陆边缘,南天山洋盆向南俯冲到塔里木板块之下;早志留世,向南俯冲结束,研究区大地构造背景开始由活动大陆边缘向稳定的被动大陆边缘转换,来自活动型物源区的沉积物逐渐减少,稳定型物源区的碎屑物质逐渐增多;中-末志留世,研究区构造背景完全转变为被动大陆边缘,碎屑物质全部来自于稳定型物源区。上述成果表明,南天山洋的演化过程中确实存在双向俯冲。     

试论江南造山带西南段构造演化--以黔东及邻区为例

江南造山带西南段，黔东及邻区，位于扬子陆块与华南陆块的过渡区，发育中、新元古代至新生代地层和多种类型的岩浆岩、变质岩，存在多期次构造运动，可划分出洋陆转换阶段的武陵构造旋回期、加里东构造旋回期和板内活动阶段的海西一燕山构造旋回期、喜马拉雅构造旋回期。具有从洋陆转换阶段的B型俯冲造山向板内活动阶段的A型俯冲造山演化、从活动型地壳向稳定型地壳的演化历程，是一个由不同时期、不同性质的造山作用构成的复合造山带，反映出扬子陆块向东南增生及江南造山带向东南迁移的演化历史。     

戈壁覆盖区景观演化与AU的分散迁移

我国西北部一些戈壁荒漠区经历长期的风化侵蚀作用而形成准平原,景观演化过程改变了元素的分散模式,对地球化学勘查是很大的难题.为了研究戈壁覆盖区元素在准平原化过程中的分散与迁移情况,选择新疆金窝子金矿,并运用空气动力反循环钻开展了采样研究工作.结果表明:金倾向于在矿体上方垂向剖面的顶层和底层土壤中富集;地表或近地表富粘土层...     

吉林省延吉纺织厂金矿组合异常特征及找矿意义

化探的数据处理和评价(尤其是多种方法数据处理及组合异常圈定等)目前尚无明确的技术规范,实际应用中多采用2种处理方法:①所选元素为成矿的指示元素,将分析的元素全部叠加来圈定全元素组合异常;②强调指示元素的相关性,按元素相关性圈定相关元素组合异常.文章以吉林延吉纺织厂金矿化探勘查为例,对比2种方法产生的不同异常特征,认为重视元素间的相关分析、运用相关元素组合异常更加符合地球化学找矿原理,所圈定的组合异常找矿意义更明显.     

西藏多龙矿集区花岗闪长斑岩地球化学特征及其意义

班公湖-怒江成矿带是近年来在西藏地区发现的继玉龙铜矿带和冈底斯铜矿带之后的又一成矿带,以多龙矿集区为典型代表,并具有巨大的找矿潜力。为了研究多龙矿集区内花岗闪长斑岩的地球化学特征、构造背景、物质来源等问题,对矿集区内北东向构造带上分布的拿顿、波龙、多不杂、拿若、铁格龙以及尕尔勤6个矿床的花岗闪长斑岩开展了系统的主微量元素以及Pb-Sr-Nd同位素研究。结果显示,花岗闪长斑岩K2O含量介于2.03%~6.07%之间,主要为高钾钙碱性和钾玄岩系列;富集大离子亲石元素(LILE:Rb、K等),而亏损高场强元素(HFSE:Nb、Ta、P、Ti);∑REE介于48.95×10-6~249.02×10-6之间,LREE/HREE为4.09~21.47,显示富集轻稀土元素,δEu为0.56~1.03,平均值为0.78;208Pb/204Pb在38.554~39.419之间,平均值为38.835,207Pb/204Pb在15.534~15.665之间,平均值为15.615,206Pb/204Pb在18.465~19.161之间,平均值为18.659,较为富集放射性成因铅,在铅同位素图解上位于造山铅演化线附近;(87Sr/86Sr)i在0.705 79~0.711 12之间,平均值为0.707 74;εNd(t)值介于-15.3~-1.7之间,平均值为-4.5。铅锶钕同位素显示壳幔混合特征。认为多龙矿集区形成于增生造山背景中,成矿背景为增生杂岩上发育的岛弧环境;含矿岩浆由俯冲板片释放的流体及熔体交代地幔并在上涌过程中得到地壳物质的加入而形成。多龙矿集区内矿床以及青草山和雄梅矿床等一系列成矿时代相近矿床的发现,表明在班公湖-怒江成矿带有望发现更多斑岩型铜矿床。     

桌子山煤田构造控水机理研究

查明地质构造对桌子山煤田岩溶地下水的控制规律和矿井突水的影响,基于大量地质原始资料和矿井突水资料,进行理论分析和现场实测。研究表明：桌子山煤田以近南北向的压扭性主构造和东西向的张性次级构造构成立体网格导水体系,地质构造不仅控制着岩溶地下水系统的边界,而且直接影响水动力条件。地质构造越复杂,岩溶裂隙越发育,富水性也越强,西北地区第一例岩溶陷落柱即在此体系内形成。断裂构造与突水点位置联系紧密,中小型突水点多位于东西向小断层附近,中型以上突水点多位于东西向和南北向断层交汇处的地下水强径流带。     

Some Key Problems on the Petrogenesis of Seafloor Basalts,Abyssal Peridotites and Geodynamics—A Non-traditional Isotope Approach

This paper discusses some major research to be carried out in the next five years in the newly established Laboratory of Ocean Lithosphere and Mantle Geodynamics. By using our existing sample collections of global mid-ocean ridge basalts, gabbros and abyssal peridotites from the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans, the research includes: ①Using Ti-Zr-Hf stable isotope methods to test the hypothesis that the observed huge Nb-Ta and Zr-Hf fractionations result from mass-dependent fractionation under mantle magmatic conditions; ②Using a MORB sample suite of uniform ratios of incompatible elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes with large major element compositional variation to test the common hypothesis of iron isotope fractionation, i.e, the affinity of heavy Fe with ferric Fe (Fe³⁺), and both heavy Fe and ferric Fe (Fe³⁺) being more incompatible than light Fe and ferrous Fe (Fe²⁺) during magma evolution; while using an incompatible trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope highly variable MORB suite to test the same hypothesis during low-degree mantle melting (i.e, the effect of mantle metasomatism); ③Proposing and testing the hypothesis that the high oxygen fugacity of the Earth’s mantle is a consequence of plate tectonics by subducting partially serpentinized oceanic mantle lithosphere with abundant ferric Fe (e.g. Fe³⁺/SFe>2); ④The recent work by Andersen et al. (Nature, 2015) is a milestone contribution by using U isotope variation in oceanic basalts to hypothesize that the O₂-rich atmosphere since the late Archean (abont 2.4 Ga) mobilized the water soluble U (6+ vs. 4+) from continents, transported to the ocean and subducted with sediments to the upper mantle, which explains the low Th/U in MORB (<2.5) and the high Th/U (>3.5) ocean island basalts (OIB) do not see such U addition effect probably because OIB source materials are all ancient (> abont 2.4 Ga) if there were subducted component. The Cenozoic alkali basalts from eastern China are ideal materials for evaluating the significance of the subducted seafloor materials for the petrogenesis of OIB and enriched MORB by using the U isotope approach, which is expected to revise and improve the Andersen et al hypothesis.     

神户大开地铁车站的地震反应分析

本文对阪神地震中大开地铁车站的地震破坏机理进行了分析，复反应分析方法的计算结果表明大开车站的中柱在水平和竖向地震动作用下产生的较大内力，导致了整个地下结构的破坏；计算结果还表明在阪神地震中，竖向地震动作用下地下结构所产生的内力比水平地震动作用下产生的内力要大。     

Onset of Xiashu loess deposition in southern China by 0.9 Ma and its implications for regional aridification

The Xiashu loess is a typical Quaternary eolian deposit in southern China and represents an important terrestrial paleoclimate archive in this low-latitude monsoon region. However, the chronological framework of Xiashu loess deposition has yet to be established. Determining the timing of the onset of Xiashu loess deposition will allow researchers to better understand late Quaternary aridification across the Asian continent, the evolution of the East Asian monsoon and regional environmental changes in subtropical regions. Therefore, in this study, a systematic chronological study of the Xiashu loess is conducted to answer this question. For the first time, magnetostratigraphic classification reveals that the Matuyama/Brunhes (M/B) reversal is present in the Xiashu loess at two sites in Jiangsu Province, the Qingshan profile at Yizheng and the Dagang core in Zhenjiang. Based on the results of magnetostratigraphy and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, the age of the lower boundary of the Xiashu loess is estimated to be approximately 0.9 Ma. Consequently, this Xiashu loess deposit is the oldest reported to date and is comparable in age to the red soil deposit in Xuancheng, Anhui Province. The onset of Xiashu loess deposition by 0.9 Ma represents the further expansion of arid range in Asia in the late Quaternary in response to significant aridification and winter monsoon strengthening in this subtropical region. We suggest that these climate changes were primarily driven by global cooling and an increase in high-latitude ice volume in the Northern Hemisphere and that the initiation of Xiashu loess accumulation was a regional response of southern China to the 0.9 Ma global cooling event.