太湖流域浮游植物功能类群分布特征及其与环境因子的关系

太湖流域地处长江下游,水系发达,是典型的平原水网地区,为明确空间和环境因子对太湖流域浮游植物功能类群分布的影响,本研究于2019年8—9月期间比较太湖流域包括河流、湖泊和水库的85个采样点的浮游植物、空间和环境特征. 首次利用“人工智能图像识别技术”,并结合传统人工镜检,共鉴定浮游植物250个分类单位,隶属于9门13纲28目57科110属,以绿藻门(45.6%)、硅藻门(19.2%)和蓝藻门(16.4%)为主. 共划分功能类群31个,包括M、D、J、S1、C、Y、F、P、MP、H1、SN、W1、G、K和TB共15个优势功能类群. 结果表明：1)太湖流域不同水体功能类群组成差异显著,差异主要来自M、J、S1、Y、P、H1类群;2)浮游植物功能类群分布具有一定的空间异质性,以太湖为中心向外形成3个聚类组,物种组成类型依次为蓝藻型、蓝藻-绿藻-硅藻型、绿藻-硅藻-蓝藻型,主要贡献类群依次为M、S1类群,M、S1、P、J类群,P、S1、J、D、C类群;3)在太湖流域,相对于环境因子而言,空间因子对浮游植物功能类群组成的影响更大. RDA分析表明,COD_Mn、NO₃^--N、TN、SD、pH值和DO与太湖流域浮游植物优势功能类群呈显著相关. 过去十年,以控源截污为主导的环境管理政策已在太湖流域取得显著成效,但是对于以M、S1类群水华为特征的夏季太湖流域而言,蓝藻水华防控仍是必须面对的难题,有机污染物和氮的控制仍是关注重点,不同水体类型和浮游植物功能类群因地制宜的管控模式仍是关键.     

Detecting clusters over intercity transportation networks using K-shortest paths and hierarchical clustering: a case study of mainland China

Intercity transportation infrastructures and services determine the depth and breadth of the spatial interactions among cities within an urban agglomeration, and have profound impacts on the spatial structure of the urban agglomeration. To evaluate whether the public intercity ground transportation infrastructures and services (i.e. passenger trains and long-distance buses) can support the integration and development of urban agglomerations, we propose a method for ‘transportation cluster’ detection (TCD), which has three unique features: (1) the K-shortest paths are used to quantify the proximity between cities, which is more in line with people’s travel behaviors; (2) a dendrogram is obtained through hierarchical clustering to reveal the structural hierarchies of transportation clusters; and (3) the integration of geo-modularity and hierarchical clustering assures high strength of division of transportation networks. The proposed TCD method was applied to the network of passenger trains, the network of long-distance buses, and the combined network of both in mainland China, respectively. By comparing the resultant transportation clusters with the urban agglomerations delineated by the Chinese government, cities that have weak transportation connections with other cities within an urban agglomeration were identified, and such findings could help devise transportation planning to better support the integrated development of urban agglomerations.     

资源型城市演化阶段识别及其发展特征

资源型城市作为一类特殊城市,发展过程具有明显的阶段性特征。本文以灯光影像等数据为基础,采用门槛面板模型、非参数估计等方法,从城市空间结构演化角度,对资源型城市发展阶段进行定量划分,并分析了不同发展阶段中心城区空间集聚对城市经济增长、城市转型的差异性特征,揭示了资源型产业对城市空间结构演变的作用以及资源型城市转型关键时间节点和政策着力点。结果表明：资源型城市空间相对分散,但不同资源类型城市之间存在较大差异;采掘业从业人员占比1.9%和31.0%可以作为资源型城市不同发展阶段的重要标志性指标;不同发展阶段中,社会经济要素在中心城区的集聚程度与城市经济增长的相关关系明显不同,成熟发展期成为资源型城市转型发展的重要转折期。     

自适应分块加权Wallis并行匀色

针对区域范围内多幅待镶嵌影像之间的色彩差异问题,提出一种基于GPU的分块加权Wallis并行匀色算法。首先,根据变异系数对影像自适应分块并利用双线性插值确定每一个像素的变换参数,利用加权Wallis变换消除影像间的色彩差异。然后,为了控制区域整体的匀色质量,利用Voronoi图和Dijkstra算法确定影像间的处理顺序。最后,利用GPU技术进行并行任务设计并从配置划分、存储器访问和指令吞吐量等方面进行优化,提高算法运算效率。实验结果表明,本文方法既能有效地消除影像间色彩差异,又能消除影像间的对比度差异。与CPU串行算法相比,GPU并行算法显著减少了计算时间,加速比最高达到60倍以上。     

Numerical analysis on random wave-induced porous seabed response

Research on the response of random wave on offshore structures has received great deal of attention of many researchers and engineers in the design of marine structures. Most previous investigations have been limited to the regular waves. In this paper, based on Longuet–Higgins random wave theory and finite element method, a numerical model for random wave-induced seabed response is established. The seabed is treated as poroelastic medium and characterized by Biot’s partly dynamic equations (u–p model). The JONSWAP spectrum is adopted in Longuet–Higgins model, which is based on the cumulative superposition of linear diffraction solution. Based on the numerical results, the effects of random wave on seabed response are investigated by comparing with the corresponding Stokes wave and cnoidal wave. Then, a parametric study is conducted to examine the effect of wave and soil characteristic on the seabed.     

海上事故有害气体的扩散研究 ——以"桑吉"轮撞船事故为例

发生海上事故后,为对周边海域船只和人员进行疏散及为应急处置提供科学依据,并实现对不同检测位置检测浓度的校正,需要对事故有毒有害气体的扩散进行计算。本文先通过经验公式计算,模拟事故船舶自然燃烧,而后采用高斯烟羽模型,通过结合事故现场的风浪等水文气象参数,构建海上事故有毒有害气体扩散模型。该模型在改进的高斯烟羽模型的基础上,通过与 ArcGIS 结合,实现事故海域区域范围内有害气体扩散定量可视化,实验结果表明,“桑吉”轮撞事故中,有害气体沿向下风向西北处扩散,以事故点为起点向西北方向划线为轴线,宽幅选取 4 km 范围,最高浓度区域是以事故点下风向 3 km处为圆心,500 m 为半径的圆形区域,浓度可以达到 4* 10-5 mg/m3,边缘处气体浓度已低至 0.5 * 10-5 mg/m3。其模型简单且可以直观体现有毒有害气体扩散范围。     

基于北斗通信的海洋多要素观测系统设计

以低功耗、多参数、安全可靠为设计目标,提出一种基于北斗卫星通信的海洋多要素观测系统设计。设计以嵌入式微控制器STM32F103RET6为核心,实现以漂流浮标为载体的海洋环境噪声测量,同时实现对海洋气温、气压、风速、风向及表层海温的多要素观测;以可充电锂电池组和太阳能电池板组合方式供电,同时进行必要的电源管理,有效提高漂流浮标的工作寿命;采用我国自主知识产权的北斗系统进行定位及双向通信,安全性高。实验表明,基于北斗通信的海洋多要素观测系统设计具有可行性,满足低功耗、多参数、安全可靠的设计要求,为以表面漂流浮标为载体的海洋多要素数据采集控制提供新的硬件设计方法。     

九江-瑞昌地震震源机制和应力场特征

利用九江-瑞昌5.7级地震后震区地震波形资料,采用Snoke发展的基于P波、SV波、SH波初动和振幅比联合计算震源机制解的方法(FOCMEC),分两个时段反演得到176个ML≥1.0地震的震源机制解。结果显示,MS5.7主震发震断层是在近EW向的区域应力场挤压作用下产生的带有逆断性质的左旋走滑断层,余震也以走滑型运动为主,NW向洋鸡山-武山-通江岭隐伏断裂为主震的发震构造。地震节面走向主要集中在NEE和NWW两个方向,与余震分布优势方向、震区构造大体一致。两个时段的震源机制解P轴优势方向均为近EW向,与主震P轴方向接近,也与江西北部地区的构造应力场分布特征相一致。应力场反演结果与震源机制参数统计结果整体一致,表现为近EW向挤压和近NS向拉张作用。     

东海对台风云娜的海洋响应

Many typhoons pass through the East China Sea(ECS) and the oceanic responses to typhoons on the ECS shelf are very energetic. However, these responses are not well studied because of the complicated background oceanic environment. The sea surface temperature(SST) response to a severe Typhoon Rananim in August 2004 on the ECS shelf was observed by the merged cloud-penetrating microwave and infrared SST data. The observed SST response shows an extensive SST cooling with a maximum cooling of 3°C on the ECS shelf and the SST cooling lags the typhoon by about one day. A numerical model is designed to simulate the oceanic responses to Rananim.The numerical model reasonably simulates the observed SST response and thereby provides a more comprehensive investigation on the oceanic temperature and current responses. The simulation shows that Rananim deepens the ocean mix layer by more than 10 m on the ECS shelf and causes a cooling in the whole mixed layer. Both upwelling and entrainment are responsible for the cooling. Rananim significantly deforms the background Taiwan Warm Current on the ECS shelf and generates strong Ekman current at the surface. After the typhoon disappears, the surface current rotates clockwise and vertically, the current is featured by near inertial oscillation with upward propagating phase.     

中国海域及邻区地震时间分布特征研究

地震时间分布特征研究是进行地震预测和地震危险性分析的重要基础.以中国海域统一地震目录为基础资料,以指数分布模型、伽马分布模型、威布尔分布模型、对数正态分布模型以及布朗过程时间分布(BPT)模型为目标模型,采用极大似然法估算模型参数.根据赤池信息准则(AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(BIC)以及K-S检验结果确定能够描述海域地...