干旱荒漠区土地利用方式快速转变对土壤入渗性能的影响

研究不同土地利用类型下土壤入渗及其影响因素,有助于城市土地利用管理及径流调节。以快速城市化的兰州新区6种土地利用类型为例,利用圆盘入渗仪,对土壤水分入渗过程进行了实地测量,并利用主成分分析对影响因素进行研究。结果表明：城市化过程中土地利用变化使土壤砂粒和容重增加,总孔隙度和饱和含水量降低;待建地和人工林地的土壤入渗参数值均低于其他土地利用类型。土壤入渗率与有机质含量、总孔隙度、饱和含水量、粉粒含量正相关,与容重和砂粒、黏粒含量负相关。城市化过程中土地利用类型向待建地的转变改变了土壤理化性质及土壤水分入渗能力。     

海湾扇贝和太平洋牡蛎的食物选择性及滤除率的实验研究

于１９９６年８－１２月,分别从青岛海洋大学太平角实验基地和胶南市水产养殖研究所采集海湾扇贝和太平洋牡蛎,采用室内实验的方法,比较研究了不同规格的两种贝类对４种不同大小藻类的选择性及吕温对其滤除率的影响。结果表明,海湾扇贝和太平洋牡蛎的小贝的摄食率随藻类规格的增大而增加;而大贝则表现出明显的差异,海湾扇贝对中等规格（ф＝５．５５－５．７９ｕｍ）的藻类、太平洋牡蛎对小规格（ф＝４．３５ｕｍ）的藻类具有     

Environmental impact of fluidized solidified silt casting on surrounding water bodies

Abstract

With the growing demand for underwater refill engineering, the construction technology of implementing fluidized solidification in underwater pouring has recently received increased attention. However, the environmental impact of underwater casting on surrounding water bodies, especially when the silt is polluted, is still unclear. In this study, a simulated underwater pouring test and a static immersion release test were conducted separately to study the quality of the surrounding water during and after pouring. The results showed that fluidized-solidified silt casting could increase the pH of the surrounding water, even after the pouring had stopped, by approximately 1.0 and the turbidity could reach 200 NTU. No diffusion of Zn and Cu into the surrounding water was observed and while Ni and Cr exhibited slight diffusion, this was at a level well below international water quality standard. During construction, reducing the distance from the seafloor to the bottom of the pouring catheter could reduce the level of pollution. After construction, the use of neutral solidified materials can effectively reduce the pH of the surrounding water and the potential risk of heavy metal dissolution.     

仿真技术在深弹发射装置环境适应性分析中的应用

深弹发射装置安装在甲板部位,使用环境恶劣,过去均采用传统的试验方法进行环境适应性考核。最近几年,随着三维设计的广泛应用,仿真技术也开始发挥作用,以发射装置接线箱的冲击响应为例,介绍仿真技术在发射装置环境适应性分析中的应用。通过案例分析可知,仿真分析对于发现机械结构设计中的薄弱环节还是非常有效的,它突破了环境试验受限于试验样机和特定环境条件的限制,可以在较短的时间内得到仿真结果,对装备模型进行及时修正。     

关于地图具有严格法定性的若干浅见

地图是人们出行的可靠向导,学习地理知识的必需工具,是政府领导管理决策的重要依据.随着经济社会的发展,人们对地图的需求越来越旺盛.但地图不能任意编制出版的,它具有严格的法定性.     

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Application of Strontium Isotopic Stratigraphy to DatingMarine Sedimentary Units: A Case Study from the PermianStratotype Section in Southern China

The calibration of sedimentary rock absolute dates is one of the difficulties in sedimentological and stratigraphic research. Since strontium(Sr) resides in seawater much longer(≈106 a) than the seawater intermixing time(≈103 a), the Sr isotopic composition of global seawater is uniform at any time and results in a stable system throughout geological history,based on which a global Sr isotope composition dating database has been established for age-calibration of marine strata.The Permian stratigraphic sections in the northern part of the Upper Yangtze block, southern China, record continuous marine sediments with clear stratigraphic boundaries and is suitable for stratigraphic dating of Sr isotopes. Based on sampling and Sr isotopic compositions of Permian carbonate strata in the northern part of the Upper Yangtze, a Permian Sr isotope evolution curve was established. According to the basic principles of Sr isotope stratigraphy, the global Strontium isotope age database can be used to calibrate the Permian stratigraphic dates in the northern Upper Yangtze. The results show that the Sr isotope evolution curves for the marine carbonate rocks in the Permian stratigraphic section of the Upper Yangtze present a decreasing trend from the mid-Qixia stage(P2) to the mid-Wujiaping stage(P3), and then rise from the middle Wujiaping stage to the end of Changxing stage(P3). When the Permian Sr-isotope evolution curve is compared with the global Sr isotope evolution curve in the northern Upper Yangtze, the two are consistent in their long-term evolutionary trend, indicating that Permian global geological events are important controlling factors for the composition and evolution of Sr isotopes. The 87 Sr/86 Sr value decreased gradually in the background of large-scale regressions at the turn of middle to late Permian period, revealing that the Emeishan basalt eruption occurred near the Maokou/Wujiaping boundary(GLB). Srisotope stratigraphy dating was performed on the boundaries of the Qixia Formation/Maokou Formation, Maokou Formation/Wujiaping Formation(GLB), Wujiaping Formation/Changxing Formation(WCB) and the Permian/Triassic(PTB) using the Global Strontium Isotope Age Database. The results are 270.4 Ma, 261.2 Ma, 254.5 Ma and 249.7 Ma,respectively. Based on this, the eruption age of the Emeishan basalts is defined at about 261.2 Ma., which is more coincident with that acquired from other previous dating methods on the eruption age of the Emeishan basalts, and therefore proves that the application of Sr isotopic stratigraphy to dating marine sedimentary units is an effective method.     

山东省矿产资源开发利用现状与保护对策探讨

山东是矿业大省,矿产资源的开发程度较高,但也存在着不容忽视的问题。针对产生这些问题的原因,提出了实现矿产资源可持续开发利用的六项建议,强调应从增强矿产资源的忧患意识、保护生态环境、加强矿产勘查、强化政府管理职能及依靠科技进步等方面加大工作力度。     

基于迁移学习方法的山东冷云冰晶特征分布研究

为分析冷云中冰晶的分布特征,揭示冰晶增长演变机制,根据冰晶形状和尺度特征分为8类并进行标注,同时标注1类隔断栏进行数据质量控制,将9类标签图像整合并建立图像集,利用迁移学习VGGNet16方法进行识别训练,经训练模型分类准确率达98%。将模型应用到秋季冷云冰晶特征研究中,选取3次积层混合云和3次层状云降水过程,分析冰晶形状在不同温度区间的占比及冰晶谱变化特征,结果表明,温度通过影响冰晶基面与棱面的比值来决定冰晶初始形状分布,相同温度区间积层混合云内球状冰晶和线型冰晶占比高于层状云,低于-12℃后各类冰晶占比相对固定;积层混合云内线型冰晶直径集中在300~800 μm,冰晶谱呈多峰分布,聚合体直径大于600 μm,冰晶谱首尾两端浓度相当,球状冰晶直径集中在120～300 μm,冰晶谱呈单调下降趋势。