Some New Fossil Localities in the Eastern Tsinling

Ⅰ.INTRODUCTION The Tsinling range is situated in the central part of China and trendsin an east-west direction.Up to the present time,its extensions andboundaries have not yet been definitely defined and the term"EasternTsinling"used in the present paper is adopted from the previous work on     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UPPER YANGTZE VALLEY

GENERAL FEATURES. The Upper Yangtze valley includes the valleys of the main river and its chief tributaries. Chinshactiang (金沙江) and Yalungchiang (雅龍江) flow in north-south courses through Hsikang, Eastern Tibet, and turn to NEE     

Three-Dimensional Computations of Multiple Tandem Jets in Crossflow

1 .IntroductionAn effective method of wastewater disposal in estuarine and coastal watersisto discharge partiallytreated effluentthrougha submerged multiport diffuserlocated atthe end of a sea outfall .Atypical dif-fuser designinvolves multiple jets all discharginginthe same direction awayfromthe shoreline ,per-pendicular to an alongshore ambient current to minimize the environmental impact .This is one type ofa multiple jet groupin crossflow(MJGC) . Whenthe jets are arrangedintandem,withthe…     

Physical Hydrography and Algal Bloom Transport in Hong Kong Waters

In sub-tropical coastal waters around Hong Kong, algal blooms and red tides are usually first sighted in the Mirs Bay, in the eastern waters of Hong Kong. A calibrated three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the Pearl River Estuary （Delft3D） has been applied to the study of the physical hydrography of Hong Kong waters and its relationship with algal bloom transport patterns in the dry and wet seasons. The general 3D hydrodynamic circulation and salinity structure in the partially-mixed estuary are presented. Extensive numerical surface drogue tracking experiments are performed for algal blooms that are initiated in the Mirs Bay under different seasonal, wind and tidal conditions. The probability of bloom impact on the Victoria Harbour and nearby urban coastal waters is estimated. The computations show that： i） In the wet season （May - August）, algal blooms initiated in the Mirs Bay will move in a clockwise direction out of the bay, and be transported away from Hong Kong due to SW monsoon winds which drive the SW to NE coastal current; ii） In the dry season （November- April）, algal blooms initiated in the northeast Mirs Bay will move in an anti-clockwise direction and be carried away into southern waters due to the NE to SW coastal current driven by the NE monsoon winds; the bloom typically flows past the east edge of the Victoria Harbeur and nearby waters. Finally, the role of hydrodynamic transport in an important episodic event -- the spring 1998 massive red tide -- is quantitatively examined. It is shown that the strong NE to E wind during late March to early April, coupled with the diurnal tide at the beginning of April, significantly increased the probability of bloom transport into the Port Shelter and East Lamma Channel, resulting in the massive fish kill. The results provide a basis for risk assessment of harmful algal bloom （HAB） impact on urban coastal waters around the Victoria Habour.     

谁先发现美洲新大陆——中国地理学西传考证

1593年刻印的《乾坤万国全图天下人物事迹》地图载有亚伯尔耕、加拿大的名字,没有亚墨利加,显示明代知道新大陆的地名比利玛窦制作的《坤舆万国全图》早9年。1570年的奥特里斯的世界地图说明欧洲还没有到过美洲西部。普兰修斯1590年和1594年的地图完善了欧洲人还没有到过美洲的西部和亚洲地理,比对中文的《坤舆万国全图》的准确性,唯一可能是西方采纳了来自中国的信息。其中最大可能是荷兰航海者林斯豪滕和他相熟的中国通在印度果阿的交流,果阿是郑和当年必经之地。1590年后,西方地图有了飞跃的发展,其后西方海洋霸权中心从葡萄牙转移到荷兰和英国。奥特里斯1570年的世界地图,普兰修斯1590年与1594年的世界地图,3种地图逐步改善了西方对新大陆和中国的认识,但是没有欧洲人测量的文献根据,应该是中国的世界地理知识传入西方。《乾坤万国全图天下人物事迹》《郑和航海图》与《坤舆万国全图》代表3种不同用途的地图,均为中国创绘。《坤舆万国全图》的原图是明代内府藏的世界地图,约1430年成图,远早于利玛窦和李之藻时代。明代中国人是世界地理大发现者,是现代地图学的先驱,地图学起码是中国独立创建的,不是来自西方。     

韩国林业局森林灾害管理系统设计与实现

韩国林业局(Korean Forest Service,KFS)为了更好地贯彻韩国森林规划,通过使用各种森林数据库,包括森林类型地图和国家森林资源调查,建立了基于GIS的森林灾害管理系统.同时基于森林灾害数据库,建立了森林信息共享平台、森林信息共享门户,用于林业信息与林业专题图的共享.其针对韩国林业局的业务,还构建了森林灾害管理系统,包括森林灾害数据库管理系统、森林火灾管理系统、森林病虫害管理系统、山体滑坡管理系统.韩国森林灾害管理系统使用实地监测工具,预测与森林空间信息有关的森林灾害信息;通过监测防止森林灾害发生,在发生灾害时减少识别时间.通过森林灾害管理系统,可以链接各种政府机构和信息,以实现对火灾、山体滑坡、病虫害和森林生态系统的综合管理系统.通过提供空间information–based位置信息服务,韩国森林灾害管理系统还能给现场提供快速的响应.     

长江口水动力及污水稀释扩散模拟

利用Delft3D数学模型对长江口水动力条件、上海市现有及拟建排放口污水排放的稀释扩散场进行了模拟。模型利用潮汐数据和排放口附近的现场实测数据进行了率定和验证，分别对丰水期、枯水期的大、小潮情况下的流速场、潮位场及污水扩散场进行了研究。结果表明：长江口的水动力条件有利于污水的稀释扩散；现状排放量对长江口水环境影响不大；但如果污水在排放前不进行一定的处理，规划排放量排人长江口将会严重恶化其水质，特别是枯水期小潮时最为严重。建议根据长江口和杭州湾的环境容量，结合排放口的稀释扩散能力，合理确定污水排放方案。     

四川运动及其在中国之分布

中国中生代末期之造山运动发生于白垩纪之末或白垩纪与第三纪之间,并非如翁文灏氏所说燕山乙墓发生于上下白垩纪之间,此期运动我们称之为四川运动,其时期与北美之拉惹米运动相当。四川运动之强烈程度难各地互有差异,但分布则最广泛,遍及各省。四川运动在四川省表现最为强烈,在云南、西康、贵州、陕西南部,甘肃中部,宁夏、察哈尔、热河等省都县最重要的造山运勤,台湾省之始新统前造山运动尚不能定其确期,可能亦是这一幕,在其他各省,虽有时不是最重要的造山运动,但其影响则都曾见到。     

Distribution of Chancelloriids in a Middle Cambrian Carbonate Platform Deposit, Taebaek Group, Korea

The onset of the Cambrian witnessed the diversification of “small shelly fossils (SSF)”, which affected carbonate depositional system. One of the problematic SSF, chancelloriids, are common components of the early to middle Cambrian carbonate and shale, and their contributions toward Cambrian carbonates are not yet fully understood. This study assesses distribution patterns of chancelloriid sclerites in the Cambrian Series 3 Daegi Formation based on microfacies analysis and discusses their sedimentologic implications. In the lower part of the formation, partially articulated chancelloriid sclerites occur mainly in bioclastic packstone and grainstone facies, with isolated sclerite rays in nodular packstone to grainstone facies. In the middle part of the formation, chancelloriid fragments occur only sporadically in bioclastic wackestone to packstone, bioclastic grainstone and oolitic packstone to grainstone facies, whereas boundstone facies are nearly devoid of their fragments. There are no chancelloriid fragments in the upper part of the formation, which consists of oolitic packstone to grainstone facies. Chancelloriids are interpreted to have primarily occupied platform margin shoal environments, shedding their sclerites to surrounding areas, and thus contributed as sediment producers. The distribution of Daegi chancelloriid sclerites is similar to other Cambrian examples, with the exception of common chancelloriids in Cambrian Series 2 reefs and their apparent near absence in the Daegi and other Cambrian Series 3 reefs. This disparity resulted from changes in the ecologic niche of chancelloriids after the end-Cambrian Series 2 reef crisis, coupled with an overall decline of chancelloriids in the middle Cambrian.     

Cambrian Reefs in the Western North China Platform, Wuhai, Inner Mongolia

Mid to late Cambrian thrombolites and maze-like maceriate reefs from the western North China Platform, Wuhai, Inner Mongolia, northwestern China, occur in the middle of a succession dominated by thin-bedded lime mudstone-shale/marlstone alternations, and are laterally surrounded by limestone conglomerate and/or grainstone. Thrombolite, characterized by meter-scale lenticular mounds composed of millimeter- to centimeter-scale mesoclots and wackestone matrix, occurs in the lower middle part of the sequence. Thrombolite mesoclots are composed of microstromatolites with alternating dark gray and light gray micritic laminae. The maze-like maceriate reefs occur in the middle to the upper part of the sequence, commonly forming lenticular mounds up to 1 m thick. They are characterized by centimeter- to decimeter-scale branched maze-like structures, whose biogenic portions (maceria) are selectively dolomitized. The maceriae are composed of poorly preserved microstromatolites and siliceous sponges. Inter-macerial sediments consist of lime mud and scattered bioclasts. These Wuhai reefs are generally similar to but older than various other Cambrian reefs previously reported from the Shandong region, northeastern China.