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941.
Jennifer DUAN 《国际泥沙研究》2011,(4):471-486,523
Three-dimensional turbulent flow field was measured around an experimental spur dike by using a micro-acoustic Doppler velocimeter.Time fractions of turbulent burst events including outward interaction,ejection,inward interaction,and sweep were analyzed in each quadrant at the neighbor of the dike before and after the formation of scour hole.Over 80%of burst events near the bed have lower-order of magnitudes for both flat and scoured bed surfaces.Ejections and sweeps are prevalent before the local scour was initiated,and then outward interactions are dominant after the scour hole was formed.Conditional Reynolds stresses and high-order moments of turbulent velocities were analyzed along the thalweg.The magnitudes of u’-w’ pair were much larger than those of v’-vv’ pair in the scour zone.Among four burst events,ejections and sweeps are the higher order events contributing to the Reynolds stresses.Since sediment entrainment and transport are closely associated with turbulent bursts near bed,the development of scour hole greatly depends on the higher order event near the bed. 相似文献
942.
Tide-induced vertical suspended sediment concentration profiles: phase lag and amplitude attenuation
In tidal environments, the response of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) to the current velocity is not instantaneous,
the SSC lagging behind the velocity (phase lag), and the amplitude of SSC variation decreasing with height above the bed (amplitude
attenuation). In order to quantitatively describe this phenomenon, a one-dimensional vertical advection–diffusion equation
of SSC is derived analytically for uniform unsteady tidal flow by defining a concentration boundary condition using a constant
vertical eddy diffusivity and sediment settling velocity. The solution, in simple and straightforward terms, shows that the
vertical phase lag increases linearly with the height above the bed, while the amplitude of the SSC variation decreases exponentially
with the height. The relationship between the SSC and the normalized current velocity can be represented by an ellipse or
a line, depending on the phase lag. The lag of sediment movement or “diffusion/settling lag” is the mechanism generating the
phase lag effect. Field observations used for validation show that the theoretically predicted and the observed curves of
the vertical SSC phase lag and amplitude attenuation show reasonable agreement. The procedure proposed in this paper substantially
simplifies the modeling of suspended matter transport in tidal flows. 相似文献
943.
通过分析CTL-713C型天气雷达发射机各组成部分工作原理,得出发射机工作信号流程示意图,提出了发射机故障诊断方法和原则,对发射机几种常见的故障现象及检修方法进行了分类,并通过实例分析对发射机故障诊断方法和原则进行了检验. 相似文献
944.
在复杂地质条件下进行钻探或处理事故时,常有需要增加钻压的情况。而所选钻机其所能产生的轴向压力是一定的。因此,在钻机选定后如何增加钻压的问题是个非常重要的问题,有时是一个非常急迫的问题。乌克兰国立矿业大学的专家们利用水力动力学原理研制出了一种新型钻压水动力增效装置,可以解决上述问题,值得借鉴。介绍了这种钻压水动力增效装置(ГУОН)的工作原理及其技术性能指标,并通过试验结果与理论计算结果进行了对比。 相似文献
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Parameter estimation for a karst aquifer with unknown thickness using the genetic algorithm method 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
The combination of ecological fragility and agricultural activity in the loess hilly–gully regions of western China has received
broad environmental concerns. In this region, rainfall and soil moisture can fatally influence crop production under dry land
farming. In this study, field experiments were conducted, from March 2001 to September 2005, to demonstrate the variation
of soil moisture and fertilizer contents at different depths in slope and terraced lands, and to evaluate the ecological impacts
and economic benefits in the terraced land of Loess Plateau. The results of both field test and Grey model (GM) calculation
show that the terraced land, as compared to the sloping land, in the agricultural area of the Loess Plateau tends to store
and retain much water, promoting more favorable interactions between water and fertilizer. During the months from March to
June of the year with less rainfall, the water supply for crop growth is mainly derived from the deep storage of soil moisture
accumulated from July to September of the previous year. The field experiments indicate that the crop yield of the 3-year-old
terraced lands was 27% higher than that of the sloping lands with slopes greater than 10°, and that the crop yield can increase
by 27.07 to 52.78% in the following cultivation years. In particular, potato was found to be more drought-resistant than winter
wheat, thus it is more suitable for the arid and semi-arid Loess Plateau regions. 相似文献