利用接收函数研究延边地震台下方地壳结构

收集整理2007年以来延边地震台记录的113个远震数字波形资料,采用远震接收函数反演延边地震台下方地壳结构,运用H-Kappa叠加方法,计算得到台站下方地壳厚度和泊松比.采用全球平均地壳模型作为初始模型,反演台站下方0-100 km的S波速结构.反演结果表明,延边地震台下方地壳厚度为30.8 km,波速比为1.84,泊松比较高,为0.29.在台站下方15-20 km及25-30 km处存在低速层.     

瞬态面波在老路路况评价中的试验研究

通过改进传感器型式,综合利用基阶模态和高阶模态频散数据正反演老路随深度方向面波速率,对比养护资料及钻探试验,建立了面波波速与老路压实度、标准贯入击数统计关系。试验结果表明:上硬下软道路结构频散数据求解需同时提取基阶模态和高阶模态信息,基阶模态特征反映下部低速层物性参数,高阶模态反映上部高速层物性参数,加权分层面波波速与压实度、标准贯入击数有较好的相关性。该试验结果适用于沪宁高速公路老路路况的评价。     

The preference of nitrate uptake in Chinese prickly ash estimated by δ<Superscript>15</Superscript>N values and cation concentrations

The nitrogen isotopic compositions of plant tissue could reflect its uptake of and preference for ammonium or nitrate. However, various factors may influence the field-collected δ¹⁵N values under field condition, which causes the interpretation problematic. The spatial variation of nitrogen (N) concentrations and the isotopic compositions were investigated in the soils and tissues of Chinese prickly ash from the southwest China to the east China. The objectives were to investigate the variation in soil and tissue δ¹⁵N values and N forms taken up by the plant. The leaf and root δ¹⁵N values varied significantly in response to the pattern of soil δ¹⁵N values. The difference in δ¹⁵N values between the leaves and roots was 2.57‰ and may be caused by an increase in the transport of unassimilated \( {\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - } \) and \( {\text{NH}}_{4}^{ + } \) to the leaves. Leaf nitrogen was significantly and positively correlated with leaf potassium and negatively related to leaf calcium. Because potassium is the favoured counter-cation for nitrate transport in the xylem, the enrichment of ¹⁵N in leaf relative to root induced by preferenced uptake of nitrate should be accompanied by significant and positive relationship of leaf nitrogen with leaf potassium concentrations. These results suggest that Chinese prickly ash prefers \( {\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - } \) over \( {\text{NH}}_{4}^{ + } \).     

Cambrian Sequence Stratigraphy and Sea Level Cycles of North China Platform

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浙北地区一次大暴雨过程的等熵位涡分析

利用NCAR/NCEP逐日再分析资料,对浙北地区2008年6月9—11日大暴雨过程进行等熵位涡分析。结果表明:等熵面上的位涡(IζP)演变反映了暴雨区的移动及西南急流的发展。暴雨区主要位于位涡高值中心的东南侧,对应西南气流发展最强处,而位涡中心降水却不明显。当高位涡中心区南压影响后,强降水结束。通过垂直剖面图可看到,等熵面上的西北急流将高层的高等熵位涡向东向下输送,当浙北地区处于正IζP平流控制下时,强降水发生,当其处于负IζP平流控制时,强降水结束。同时,逆向的Ferrel环流圈的形成,为30°N附近强降水的产生与维持提供了有利的条件。     

应用NOAA/AVHRR资料监测水稻长势的研究

该文利用1992～1996年NOAA/AVHRR资料,结合实测的地面农作物生长发育农学参数,系统地分析了沈阳市水稻移栽至收获整个本田期间遥感归一化植被指数（NDVI）的变化规律,进而达到对沈阳市水稻长势遥感动态监测的目的。     

基于自动站资料的灰霾观测判据研讨

针对当前有较大争议的灰霾观测中两个判据(能见度和相对湿度)的阈值选取问题,对嘉兴市2007—2009年人工观测灰霾记录,观测站能见度自动仪及相对湿度等资料以及2007—2009年环保部门空气污染指数、周边地市霾日进行了对比分析,对人工观测灰霾日数的合理性进行探讨;并进一步根据同年份能见度自动仪资料及相对湿度自动站资料,调试不同的阈值,将得出的灰霾天数与人工观测值再次进行对比,最终提出一个适用于本地实际的灰霾日观测判据,并指出经过订正后的自动站资料可替代人工观测值用于霾雾的辨析。     

Terrestrial vegetation carbon sinks in China, 1981―2000

Using China's ground observations, e.g., forest inventory, grassland resource, agricultural statistics, climate, and satellite data, we estimate terrestrial vegetation carbon sinks for China's major biomes between 1981 and 2000. The main results are in the following: (1) Forest area and forest biomass car- bon (C) stock increased from 116.5×106 ha and 4.3 Pg C (1 Pg C = 1015 g C) in the early 1980s to 142.8×106 ha and 5.9 Pg C in the early 2000s, respectively. Forest biomass carbon density increased form 36.9 Mg C/ha (1 Mg C = 106 g C) to 41.0 Mg C/ha, with an annual carbon sequestration rate of 0.075 Pg C/a. Grassland, shrub, and crop biomass sequestrate carbon at annual rates of 0.007 Pg C/a, 0.014― 0.024 Pg C/a, and 0.0125―0.0143 Pg C/a, respectively. (2) The total terrestrial vegetation C sink in China is in a range of 0.096―0.106 Pg C/a between 1981 and 2000, accounting for 14.6%―16.1% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by China's industry in the same period. In addition, soil carbon sink is estimated at 0.04―0.07 Pg C/a. Accordingly, carbon sequestration by China's terrestrial ecosystems (vegetation and soil) offsets 20.8%―26.8% of its industrial CO2 emission for the study period. (3) Considerable uncertainties exist in the present study, especially in the estimation of soil carbon sinks, and need further intensive investigation in the future.     

水管倾斜仪观测干扰分析及维护

阐述延边地震台形变观测站水管倾斜仪观测常见干扰及仪器维护经验.通过对非映震干扰因素的进一步认识,提高前兆数字化观测数据分析预报水平,并为今后的仪器维护提供经验.     

喀斯特生态系统生物地球化学过程与物质循环研究:重要性、现状与趋势

喀斯特地质与生态系统是地球表层系统中的重要组成部分,其变化将对其他地区以及整个地球系统产生影响.生物地球化学循环是全球和区域变化研究的核心内容,而生态系统的演化与系统内水分和养分的生物地球化学循环密切相关。因此,我们有必要将喀斯特生态系统纳入到更大区域或全球生态系统中进行分析研究,在充分研究认识整个喀斯特生态系统物质生物地球化学循环规律的基础上,进一步研究喀斯特生态系统的全球变化响应或影响机制,为喀斯特生态系统优化调控对策和措施提供科学基础。研究生态系统演化过程中物质的生物地球化学循环规律,是研究植物适生性、物种优化配置和适应性生态系统调控机理的关键基础。在介绍前人工作基础的同时,本文全面而概括地总结了我们近年利用元素、同位素(如δ13C、δ15N、δ34S、87Sr/86Sr)示踪和化学计量学理论和方法对喀斯特生态系统中不同界面和流域中物质的生物地球化学循环及其生态环境效应的研究成果。认识到:喀斯特流域生物地球化学循环活跃,相互耦合,并与流域生态环境变化相互制约;人类活动正干预流域物质的自然生物地球化学循环过程,并导致相应的生态和环境效应;全球变化科学深化有赖于区域生态环境变化及物质生物地球化学循环的研究。这些认识是我们将来系统深入开展喀斯特以及其他流域生态系统物质生物地球化学循环研究的重要方向。