Latitudinal distribution of mesozooplankton in the off-equatorial northeastern Pacific before and after the 1998/99 La Niña event

Factors affecting mesozooplankton distributions in the northeastern tropical Pacific Ocean were investigated using data obtained along a meridian line (5 degrees -12 degrees N, 131.5 degrees W) in the summers of 1998, 1999, and 2003. The survey periods corresponded to a sharp transition between the 1997-1998 El Ni?o and 1998-1999 La Ni?a events, the 1999 La Ni?a event, and near-normal conditions after the moderate 2002-2003 El Ni?o in the equatorial Pacific. A strong upwelling in the divergence zone from 10.5 degrees to 11 degrees N caused a shoaling of the thermocline depth (approximately 30 m), resulting in increases in nitrate and phytoplankton chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentrations, and, in turn, mesozooplankton abundance during the La Ni?a in 1999. In contrast, in 1998, remnants of El Ni?o characteristics, deeper thermocline depth (60-150 m) and warm surface water (>28 degrees C), led to low concentrations of nitrate, chl-a and low mesozooplankton abundance, except in the convergence zone around 7 degrees N. The thermocline depth and nitrate concentration obtained during the near-normal period in 2003 corresponded to intermediate values as compared to those obtained during El Ni?o and La Ni?a conditions. Interannual changes in the position and strength of ecotones, such as divergence and convergence zones, affected mesozooplankton community structure and cyclopoid-to-calanoid ratios along the 131.5 degrees W meridian line. The clustering pattern of the mesozooplankton community was mostly characterized by calanoid (mainly Clausocalanus sp.) and cyclopoid (mainly Oncaea sp.) copepods, accounting for most of the observed differences among groups during the study period. Cyclopoids and calanoids were more abundant in 1999 than in 1998 or 2003, with a sharp increase to the north, while they were less abundant to the north in 1998 and 2003. The cyclopoid-to-calanoid ratio peaked in the convergence zone in 1998 and the divergence zones in 1999 and 2003, apparently due to the strength and location of the ecotones. Principal component analysis (PCA) with environmental factors and dominant mesozooplankton groups showed that dominant groups were affected by nitrate and chl-a concentrations in 1998, by sigma-t (water density), nitrate and chl-a concentrations in 1999, and by sigma-t, salinity and chl-a concentration (except siphonophores) in 2003. Latitudinal distribution of thermocline depth before and after the 1998/99 La Ni?a event showed a distinct interannual difference. The abundance of mesozooplankton in the divergence zone in 1999 was distinctively higher than abundances found in the convergence and divergence zones in 1998 and 2003, which resulted from the shallow thermocline depth due to an intensified upwelling during the strong 1998-1999 La Ni?a event.     

Application of integrated geophysical interpretation on accumulation body

Integrated geophysical interpretation is a method of combinating different geophysics prospecting methods based on different physical properties of accumulation. As different geophysical methods own different interpretations and varying detection accuracies, the key issue becomes how to integrate the results of several geophysical methods to corrently carry out a comprehensive explanation. Based on different geophysical results, the authors proposed an integrated geophysical explanation method and successfully applied it in practical engineering problems.     

对气氡脱气装置改造的几点认识

拆除了格尔木井原气氡脱气装置,针对该井冷水、大流量的实际情况,自行设计、制造了一套新的脱气装置,在其后的气氡观测中取得了良好效果,通过对改造前后氡值的分析,充分认识到了合理的脱气装置的重要性,形成了几点新的看法.     

深海底热液活动研究热点

深海底热液活动是现代海洋地质科学研究的前沿热点, 我国这方面的研究工作刚刚开展, 亟需对现有研究成果进行总结。本文对海底热液活动的调查研究过程和现状进行了回顾, 重点分析了热液喷溢动力过程的理论研究成果, 从实测事件数据的研究成果中找出了影响热液柱的形态和分布的各种因素, 并对热液烟囱和极端温度微生物等海洋学研究热点进行了分析, 为深海热液活动调查和理论研究提供基础。      

Vertical structure of the M<Subscript>2</Subscript> tidal current in the Yellow Sea

The vertical structure of the M₂ tidal current in the Yellow Sea is analyzed from data acquired using an acoustic Doppler current profiler. The observed vertical profiles of the M₂ tidal current are decomposed into two rotating components of counter-clockwise and clockwise, and restructured using a simple one-point model with a constant vertical eddy viscosity. The analyzed results show that the internal fictional effect dominates the vertical structure of the tidal current in the bottom boundary layer. In the Yellow Sea, the effect of the bottom friction reduces the current speed by about 20–40% and induces the bottom phase advance by about 15–50 minutes. In the shallower coastal regions, the effects of bottom topography are more prominent on the vertical structure of tidal currents. The vertical profile of the tidal current in summer, when the water column is strongly stratified, is disturbed near the pycnocline layer. The stratification significantly influences the vertical shear and distinct seasonal variation of the tidal current.     

梅花参中多糖提取工艺及含量测定的研究

采用正交设计L9（34）,研究梅花参（Thelenota ananas）中多糖的提取工艺,探讨并建立了测定海参多糖含量的方法.结果表明：最佳提取条件为1g样品加40mL 3%KOH溶液,40～45℃超声2h;且提取温度为首要的影响因素;产物经二次乙醇纯化的结果较好,粗多糖得率20.25%.多糖经单糖组成分析,岩藻糖含量达到70%以上.测得梅花参中总糖含量8.79%;糖醛酸含量0.95%.该实验操作简单,稳定可靠,重现性好,准确度高,为测定其它海参中多糖的含量提供了可靠的依据.     

两个凡纳滨对虾家系体重与体长的关系

凡纳滨对虾Litopeneaus vannamei家系的培育是遗传选育种的基础,其生长特性包括生长速度、体重与体长的关系等,是家系的表型特征。报道了凡纳滨对虾2个家系的体长与体重的关系。通过回归分析,凡纳滨对虾家系1体重(W)与体长(L)的关系为:W=0.0059L3.2809(R2=0.9931);家系2体重与体长的关系为:W=0.0059L3.2974(R2=0.9940),2个家系体重与体长的关系没有明显的变化,得出凡纳滨对虾体重与体长的关系为:W=0.0059L3.2895(R2=0.9934)。     

胶州湾桡足类幼虫和浮游生纤毛虫的丰度与生物量

1997年9月，12月，1998年2月，4月，8月，11月以及1999年2月和5大以胶州湾采集桡足类幼虫和浮游生纤毛虫的样品，样品用Lugol‘s试剂固定（最后浓度1％），用显微镜计数桡足类幼虫和浮游生纤毛虫的丰度，并计算总生物量（表层生物量和水体生物量）。桡足类幼虫，无壳纤毛虫和砂壳纤毛虫的最大丰度分别为850ind/L(1998年8月），21300ind/L(1998年8月）和172ind／L(1999年5），表层的总丰度为10－22630ind/L，平均分布湾内比湾外多，表层纤毛虫和桡足类幼虫的总生物量为0．10－380.27ugC/L，水体的生物量为0．20－1426.02mgC/m^2.     

南海神狐海域含水合物层底栖有孔虫群落结构与同位素组成

为评价水合物甲烷对底栖有孔虫群落结构和同位素的影响,对南海北部神狐海域获取天然气水合物的钻孔BY3岩心,进行底栖有孔虫群落结构和稳定同位素分析,发现含水合物层底栖有孔虫丰度、分异度下降,群落中以内生种占绝对优势,有孔虫破碎率增加;与不含水合物层中的底栖有孔虫相比,含水合物层的底栖有孔虫碳同位素值出现较明显的负偏移。含水合物层中的Uvigerinaspp.、Cibicidesspp.和Oridorsalisspp.的δ13C平均值分别为-1.61‰、-0.79‰和-1.80‰,而在不含水合物层它们的δ13C平均值分别为-0.88‰、-0.27‰和-1.04‰;其中Uvigerinaspp.和Oridorsalisspp.的δ13C最轻值均出现在含水合物层,分别为-1.83‰和-2.29‰。这些说明底栖有孔虫在生长和埋藏过程中可能受到沉积物中甲烷水合物形成和演化的影响。     

大到暴雪天气模型及数值产品释用预报方法

用欧洲数值预报产品格点资料,对1986年11月-2002年3月河南省出现的87个大到暴雪个例进行对比分析,将大到暴雪划分为3个类型,即高原低槽型、阻高-横槽型和L型,对每个型进行合成平均,建立了大到暴雪的天气学概念模型.为提高样本中大到暴雪的概率,先将样本进行消空处理,然后选取物理意义清晰、天气学意义明确的预报因子,分别建立了全省分片大到暴雪1-7 d预报方法,在业务试应用中取得了较好的预报效果.