六溴苯的合成研究

对直接溴化法合成六溴苯作了系统的研究,并对文献方法进行了一系列的改进。包括选择适当的摧化剂及其用量,使反应基本上在室温下进行;利用水汽蒸馏法驱除残余溴,可直接得到无色或近乎无色的纯净产物,而勿需进行还原脱溴,且得率较高。提出一种以溴化物形式回收副产物的方法。     

Spatial and temporal variation of water mass mixing characteristic in the East China Sea

On the basis of the observation data of Kuroshio since 1984 and relative historical data in the East China Sea, spatial and temporal variation of water mass mixing characteristic in the observation area is analysed. The main results are as follows.     

Sensitivity of the elastic anisotropy and seismic reflection amplitude of the Eagle Ford Shale to the presence of kerogen

The Eagle Ford Shale of Central and South Texas is currently of great interest for oil and gas exploration and production. Laboratory studies show that the Eagle Ford Shale is anisotropic, with a correlation between anisotropy and total organic carbon. Organic materials are usually more compliant than other minerals present in organic‐rich shales, and their shapes and distribution are usually anisotropic. This makes organic materials an important source of anisotropy in organic‐rich shales. Neglecting shale anisotropy may lead to incorrect estimates of rock and fluid properties derived from inversion of amplitude versus offset seismic data. Organic materials have a significant effect on the PP and PS reflection amplitudes from the Austin Chalk/Upper Eagle Ford interface, the Upper Eagle Ford/Lower Eagle Ford interface, and the Lower Eagle Ford/Buda Limestone interface. The higher kerogen content of the Lower Eagle Ford compared with that of the Upper Eagle Ford leads to a negative PP reflection amplitude that dims with offset, whereas the PS reflection coefficient increases in magnitude with increasing offset. The PP and PS reflection coefficients at the Austin Chalk/Upper Eagle Ford interface, the Upper Eagle Ford/Lower Eagle Ford interface, and the Lower Eagle Ford/Buda Limestone interface all increase in magnitude with increasing volume fraction of kerogen.     

V形切槽巴西圆盘法测定岩石断裂韧度KIC的实验研究

采用国际岩石力学学会岩石断裂韧度建议测试方法(ISRM)[1]提出的V形切槽巴西圆盘试样(CCNBD),测试了一种泥质砂岩的I型断裂韧度值,给出了一套试样切割制备方案,从试验现象角度分析了该泥质砂岩的断裂力学特性,讨论了该试样类型的有效尺寸和断裂机制,并指出了该方法的特点和优劣性,得出如下结论：（1）该类岩石试样测得的I型断裂韧度值对CCNBD试样直径尺寸变化具有较大的敏感性,并且直径大于ISRM建议方法中最小有效直径（75 mm）的试样测试结果更为稳定;（2）CCNBD试样断裂机制表现为以拉张应力（间接拉伸）作用为主,兼有一定的韧带面内剪切作用的应力状态下I型裂纹扩展模式;（3）V形切槽巴西圆盘方法具有试样加工工艺简单、能承受较大临界载荷、测试的I型断裂韧度值较稳定等优点,但其没有考虑断裂过程区(FPZ)的非线性问题,建议对该方法进行非线性修正图解方案研究,以达到更准确测定岩石断裂韧度的目的。     

Comparison of short-term toxicity of 14 common phycotoxins (alone and in combination) to the survival of brine shrimp Artemia salina

Toxic harmful algal blooms(HABs) can cause deleterious effects in marine organisms, threatening the stability of marine ecosystems. It is well known that different strains, natural populations and growth conditions of the same toxic algal species may lead to different amount of phycotoxin production and the ensuing toxicity. To fully assess the ecological risk of toxic HABs, it is of great importance to investigate the toxic effects of phycotoxins in marine organisms. In this study, the short-te...     

北黄海大鹿岛海域营养盐分布特征

根据１９９０年７月辽宁省海岛调查资料，本文讨论了北黄海大鹿岛海水营养盐（ＰＯ４－Ｐ，ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ，ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＨ４－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ）分布特征，并对海域环境质量作了初步评价。     

Analysis of Land Water Storage in Southwest China Based on GRACE Data

The inversion of the variation in the land water storage in Southwest China is carried out by taking advantage of the data obtained by the earth gravity satellite GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) for 64 months from January 2005 to April 2010. The result shows that by selecting an appropriate Gauss radius (R = 600 km) and taking the average gravitational field of the adopted data as the back-ground gravitational field, the land water storage in Southwest China inverted on the basis of the GRACE data reflects the drought in Southwest China at the beginning of 2010 very well.     

海上风电场高桩承台群桩基础平台的设计研究

针对国内海上风电基础设计没有统一的规范及标准,为提升海上风电基础设计建设的水平,通过对东南沿海某海域海上风电基础的设计进行了有限元计算分析论证,验证了群桩高承台结构设计方案的设计方法和设计参数。分析结果表明该设计的最大应力主要发生在塔筒底座与承台接触部位及钢管桩与承台连接段,应在连接部位加强措施处理;基础竖直位移较小,水平位移相对较大;分界部位应力较集中,刚度不能顺畅过渡,可考虑填充碎石土等方法加强。本研究对海上风电基础设计技术的研究与探索,可为将来制定中国海上风电行业标准提供可靠的依据,对中国未来大批量的海上风电能源的开发有着重要意义。     

上海基岩海岛浮山岛的侵蚀现状及保护修复

基于基岩海岛侵蚀研究,利用基岩海岸演变模型,界定浮山岛的海蚀岸类型,估算浮山岛基岩海岸侵蚀后退速率,并结合实地登岛调查分析,提出了浮山岛保护修复方案。建议采用生物屏障的手段达到消浪作用,减少海岸侵蚀,恢复当地生态系统;同时采用生态和工程结合的方式在浮山岛和浮山东岛两岛之间创造潮间带沼泽地,并栽种草本植物来稳定沼泽地,以缓减断裂谷继续发育。     

An Improved Time Domain Approach for Analysis of Floating Bridges Based on Dynamic Finite Element Method and State-Space Model

The floating bridge bears the dead weight and live load with buoyancy, and has wide application prospect in deep-water transportation infrastructure. The structural analysis of floating bridge is challenging due to the complicated fluid-solid coupling effects of wind and wave. In this research, a novel time domain approach combining dynamic finite element method and state-space model (SSM) is established for the refined analysis of floating bridges. The dynamic coupled effects induced by wave excitation load, radiation load and buffeting load are carefully simulated. High-precision fitted SSMs for pontoons are established to enhance the calculation efficiency of hydrodynamic radiation forces in time domain. The dispersion relation is also introduced in the analysis model to appropriately consider the phase differences of wave loads on pontoons. The proposed approach is then employed to simulate the dynamic responses of a scaled floating bridge model which has been tested under real wind and wave loads in laboratory. The numerical results are found to agree well with the test data regarding the structural responses of floating bridge under the considered environmental conditions. The proposed time domain approach is considered to be accurate and effective in simulating the structural behaviors of floating bridge under typical environmental conditions.