兰州新区建设用地生态适宜性评价

在地理信息技术的支持下,修正单纯的权重叠加法,采用潜力-限制性分析法分析了兰州新区建设用地的生态潜力和生态阻力,对其生态适宜性做出科学评价,得到兰州新区可用作建设用地的理想区域。结果表明：（1）兰州新区建设用地开发的生态潜力总体以一级为主,二级次之,三级和四级区所占比重较小;（2）一级生态阻力主要分布在新区南部山地,主要表现为地形复杂、工程地质条件差、地质灾害发生频繁等;（3）兰州新区建设用地生态适宜性达一级的面积所占比重最大,为39 425.91 hm²,占新区总面积的48.91%。三级适宜区面积最小,仅为6 513.2 hm²,占新区总面积的8.08%。对应于生态适宜性评价结果,兰州新区土地应用可划分为集中建设区、重点开发区、限制建设区和禁止建设区。其中,集中建设区和重点建设区应为兰州新区建设用地开发的理想区域。     

Chemical evolution in the high arsenic groundwater of the Huhhot basin (Inner Mongolia,PR China) and its difference from the western Bengal basin (India)

Elevated As concentrations in groundwater of the Huhhot basin (HB), Inner Mongolia, China, and the western Bengal basin (WBB), India, have been known for decades. However, few studies have been performed to comprehend the processes controlling overall groundwater chemistry in the HB. In this study, the controls on solute chemistry in the HB have been interpreted and compared with the well-studied WBB, which has a very different climate, physiography, lithology, and aquifer characteristics than the HB. In general, there are marked differences in solute chemistry between HB and WBB groundwaters. Stable isotopic signatures indicate meteoric recharge in the HB in a colder climate, distant from the source of moisture, in comparison to the warm, humid WBB. The major-ion composition of the moderately reducing HB groundwater is dominated by a mixed-ion (Ca–Na–HCO₃–Cl) hydrochemical facies with an evolutionary trend along the regional hydraulic gradient. Molar ratios and thermodynamic calculations show that HB groundwater has not been affected by cation exchange, but is dominated by weathering of feldspars (allitization) and equilibrium with gibbsite and anorthite. Mineral weathering and mobilization of As could occur as recharging water flows through fractured, argillaceous, metamorphic or volcanic rocks in the adjoining mountain-front areas, and deposits solutes near the center of the basin. In contrast, WBB groundwater is Ca–HCO₃-dominated, indicative of calcite weathering, with some cation exchange and silicate weathering (monosiallitization).     

渭河下游咸阳-草滩段河谷沉积对构造活动的响应

渭河下游咸阳-草滩段河道位于西安凹陷向临潼隆起的过渡区,发育河漫滩和T₁～T₃阶地,渭河断裂隐伏于河道北岸。文章对渭河北岸河谷地貌和地层剖面进行了观测和年代学样品的测试,并对跨渭河断裂的系列钻探中的2个深150m的钻孔岩芯进行了年代学样品测试和地层对比。河谷区地层年代测定表明,渭河北岸在距今约10万年前为风成黄土堆积环境,大致在2.5万年以来开始了最新一期的河道沉积。钻孔岩芯揭露的多个黄土-河流冲积的沉积旋回显示第四纪时期渭河河道经历了多次的南北向摆动。受临潼隆起的影响,咸阳-草滩段晚第四纪河谷沉积自西向东厚度明显减薄。通过对渭河断裂两侧钻孔柱状图的对比,认为渭河断裂0.04～0.05m/ka垂向差异运动速率低于河流0.15～0.24m/ka沉积速率,是渭河断裂隐伏于河谷中的原因。     

近2600年来黄河下游沉积量和上中游产沙量变化过程

主要基于华北平原上93个钻孔中沉积物详细观测和分析数据,结合182组¹⁴C测年和埋深数据、参考前人黄河下游河道历史变迁及其他相关研究成果,估算出2600年以来黄河下游在602BC～11A.D.,11～1034A.D.,1034～1128A.D.,1128～1855A.D.和1855～1997A.D.等5个历史时期的年平均沉积量分别是3.89×10^8t/a,2.24×10^8t/a,6.63×10^8t/a,6.78×10^8t/a和8.47×10^8t/a。通过建立黄河下游有无堤防和决溢频率与泥沙输移比的关系,计算出5个时期黄河上中游的平均年输沙量分别是6.2×10^8t/a,6.8×10^8t/a,8.3×10^8t/a,11.5×10^8t/a和15.3×10^8t/a。进而探讨了黄河输沙量变化的主要原因,以及历史上王景治河后出现的600年安流时期的原因。     

龙门山中央断裂北川－邓家一带古地震初步研究

龙门山断裂带是否存在类似汶川5.12大地震的地质记录,是地震科学工作者所关注的科学问题之一。处于中央断裂带中段和北段分界地区的北川－邓家一带,古地震研究对认识整个龙门山断裂带的大地震复发特征有重要意义。沿北川－邓家地震地表破裂带,可能有过早期活动,并兼顾是否有较多细粒第四纪沉积物,以便能较清晰地分析、判断古地震事件以及采集测年样品,所以我们在沙坝1组、和尚坪和邓家海光6组等3个地点开挖了4个探槽,并进行了断错地貌的实测,发现了该地区明显的古地震遗迹,以及该地区特殊的正断层地表破裂样式。通过探槽和实测地貌情况与前人在龙门山中央和前山断裂带的古地震研究结果的对比分析,结果显示该地区至少发生过两次地震事件(包括5.12地震事件在内),与龙门山中央和前山断裂大部分地点已揭露的古地震事件相吻合。而通过对该地区地貌侵蚀特征与地震陡坎的高度变化分析,可以得出该地区之前的地震事件与5.12地震的大小相近。     

Deep Structure and Dynamics of Passive Continental Margin from Shelf to Ocean of the Northern South China Sea

To study the deep dynamic mechanism leading to the difference in rifting pattern and basin structure from shelf to oceanic basin in passive continental margin,we constructed long geological sections across the shelf,slope and oceanic basin using new seismic data.Integrated gravity-magnetic inversion and interpretation of these sections were made with the advanced dissection method.Results show that the basement composition changes from intermediate-acid intrusive rocks in the sheff to intermediate-basic rocks in the slope.The Moho surface shoals gradually from 31 km in the sheff to 22.5 km in the uplift and then 19 km in the slope and finally to 13 km in the oceanic basin.The crust thickness also decreases gradually from 30 km in the northern fault belt to 9 km in the oceanic basin.The crustal stretching factor increases from the shelf toward the oceanic basin,with the strongest extension under the sags and the oceanic basin.The intensity of mantle upwelling controlled the style of basin structures from sheff to oceanic basin.In the Zhu 1 depression on the shelf,the crust is nearly normal,the brittle and cold upper crust mainly controlled the fault development;so the combinative grabens with single symmetric graben are characteristic.In the slope,the crust thinned with a large stretching factor,affected by the mantle upwelling.The ductile deformation controlled the faults,so there developed an asymmetric complex graben in the Baiyun (白云) sag.     

GPS网平差观测量选取的理论分析

由多台GPS接收机在不同时段进行静态观测而组成的观测网形,当采用高精度的科研软件与常用商用软件解算基线时,其基线向量的方差阵不同,前者的方差阵结构是完全的、严密的。同时,在进行GPS网平差时,选取GPS基线的方式及数量的不同,构造的网形也就不同,采用不同的数学模型其得到的平差结果和精度指标也不相同。文章先从理论上进行分析,后用示例进行比较论证。     

A Disconnection Event of Comet Lulin†

The cometary disconnection event (DE) is the separation of the entire cometary tail or a part of it from the cometary head. It is one of the most spectacular phenomena of comets. The driving mechanism remains unclear, and at present there are many competitive theories to explain the onset of DE. However, the variable solar wind is suspected to play a major role. Comet Lulin exhibited a DE on 4th Feb. 2009. The data around this date are analyzed, and it is found that the comet Lulin had already endured a DE on 3rd Feb. 2009. By comparing the morphologies of the plasma tails in these two DEs, it is concluded that the DE which occurred on 3rd Feb. 2009 is another DE, which is distinct from that of 4th Feb. 2009. In this paper, we describe the results of analysis on the DE dated 3rd Feb. 2009. The measured velocity of disconnection motion is about 68 km/s, and the calculated onset time of this DE is 3.635 ± 0.215 Feb. 2009 in UT decimal date. Combining the orbital characteristics of Comet Lulin before and after the DE occurrence and the solar-wind data measured by the STEREO-A spacecraft, it is concluded that the DE which occurred on 3rd Feb. 2009 was probably caused by the magnetic reconnection due to the interaction between the comet and a coronal mass ejection (CME).     

The Global Distribution of Diapycnal Mixing and Mixing Coefficient Tensor in the Upper 2000m Ocean from Argo Observations

Diapycnal Mixing (DM) within the upper 2000m of the global ocean is calculated by a fine-scale parameterization using the multiyear-mean density gridded product that created by employing all the Argo float observations to date through the recently published equation of seawater TEOS-10. The geographic distribution of Argo-derived DM derived in this study is spatial-dependent and varies with latitude and depth. The magnitude and pattern of DM is favorably validated by comparisons with previous studies. Furthermore, the mixing coefficient tensor K is calculated and analyzed. Components of the tensor fitting for the geopotential coordinate models are also presented. It is found that the tensor components in horizontal direction, K_xx and K_yy, have similar magnitude and distribution pattern. In the vertical, K_zz is enhanced over regions with rough topography and strong wind (e.g., Westerly region), suggesting agreement with previous estimates. This work presents a scheme to estimate the DM and mixing coefficient tensor using Argo observations, and offers a useful Argo-based mixing product for the purpose of promoting the study and modeling of ocean circulation and other processes.     

海州湾连云港邻近水域蟹类的分布特征

本文根据2009年5月、9月和12月海州湾水域生物资源的调查资料,分析了海州湾水域蟹类资源密度的分布,多样性及蟹类优势种对蟹类数量分布的影响。结果表明,5月、9月和12月蟹类质量密度分别为36.15、53.85和44.91kg/km2,尾数密度为6.33×103、3.13×103和35.88×103ind./km2。5月、9月和12月蟹类以质量计算的物种多样性分别是0.95、0.64和0.65,以尾数计算的物种多样性分别是0.96、1.01和0.61。海州湾水域以广温广盐性蟹类为主,5月、9月和12月的最重要的优势种分别为双斑蟳(Charybdis bimaculata)、日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)和豆形短眼蟹(Xenophthalmus pin-notheroides)。春季蟹类的密度分布规律不明显;秋季蟹类的密度分布除湾外个别站位很高之外,其余站位分布均匀;冬季蟹类的密度分布沿岸稍高于湾外。季节变化很大程度上影响了优势种的改变。不同季节,蟹类优势种类的绝对优势,使得蟹类多样性平面分布与蟹类密度分布存在差异。