Effect of different registration methods on precision of orientation based on RTK registration/georeferencing mode

Abstract

Compared with traditional methods, the three-dimensional laser-scanning (3D-LS) technique can efficiently acquire many high-quality geometric properties of rock discontinuities. In practice, engineers usually prefer to simplify the processing by using single-station point data and roughly orienting owing to the complexity of registration/georeferencing multi-station point data. However, prior published studies have paid little attention to the accuracy and reliability when determining discontinuity orientations using 3D-LS. We propose a reliable and accurate method with robust on-site applicability. As part of an ongoing effort, we are evaluating the precision of the commonly used coarse registration method and the fine registration method, and promoted the optimized coarse- and fine-registration methods and evaluated their precision. It is found that: (1) the common and the optimized registration method can meet our project’s engineering requirements, and the optimized registration method improved accuracy in the dip direction by approximately 1°; (2) fine registration using an iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm can correct both dip direction and dip angle; and (3) the orientation is of high precision with commonly used coarse and fine registration, whereas the optimization effect to correct the orientation is slightly limited.     

基于RT-Thread的波浪滑翔器控制系统设计与实现

波浪滑翔器是一种新型海洋无人自主航行器,拥有无污染、能耗低、续航时间长、航程远、生存能力强等诸多特点,已逐步成为国内外研究的热点。控制系统作为波浪滑翔器的重要组成部分之一,它的稳定与准确性直接影响着波浪滑翔器的航行性能尤其是走航和定点的控位精度。介绍了一种基于 RT-Thread 实时操作系统的波浪滑翔器控制系统设计,通过多次海上长时间连续试验表明,基于 RT-Thread 的波浪滑翔器控制系统具有良好的准确性和可靠性。     

BDS卫星钟差半参数平差模型异常数据探测与处理

针对北斗卫星钟差数据中出现钟跳、粗差等异常数据频次较高的问题,将半参数平差模型引入BDS的钟差数据的处理过程中。首先,在考虑系统误差的同时,改进了常用的钟差模型;其次,综合考虑异常数据和系统误差,利用补偿最小二乘原理和极值求解方法,详细推导了分离异常数据前后参数和非参数估计值与相应观测值改正数的关系表达式,实现了异常数据的定值、参数求解和系统误差分离。在此基础上,引入Cook距离,给出了利用参数分量和非参数分量的Cook距离及混合Cook距离,去判断异常值的位置,并给出了一些参数的选取方法及相应的处理措施,实现了卫星钟差异常数据的定位和定值以及部分系统误差的分离。最后,采用武汉大学GNSS中心提供的采样间隔为5 min的北斗卫星精密钟差数据,将本文方法与常用方法进行了试验对比。试验结果表明,本文方法能够有效地识别并处理卫星钟差数据中的异常值,有效克服了基于经验阈值钟差异常数据探测方法的不足,且该方法对于量级较小的异常钟差数据也有很好的探测效果,一定程度丰富了现有的BDS钟差数据质量控制方法。     

黄海南部野生银鲳和鮸鱼的耳石元素微化学研究

利用电子显微探针元素分析技术(EPMA)对黄海南部野生银鲳和鮸鱼的耳石进行了锶和钙沉积特征的初步分析。定量线分析结果表明,两种鱼类耳石的Sr/Ca之间存在显著的种间差异。银鲳耳石Sr/Ca比,在耳石核心及相邻处为低值区(5.86±0.92);3段Sr/Ca高值区分别为近核心部(7.88±1.28)、第1龄处(9.44±1.82)及耳石边缘(7.91±1.38);揭示银鲳孵化和早期发育应需要盐度适中的生境,当龄鱼在后期的生长中需洄游经过两段高盐生境(其中之一在第1龄时)。鮸鱼耳石Sr/Ca比波动表现为耳石核心处(7.72±0.97)高于其余部分,反映了鮸鱼孵化及初期发育阶段可能生活在高盐度生境,而当龄鱼随后阶段的生长和发育过程则会洄游至盐度有所降低的生境中进行。     

Mechanism of carbonate cementation and its influence on reservoir in Pinghu Formation of Xihu Sag

Carbonate cements are the most abundant authigenic mineral and impact on physical properties greatly in sandstone reservoir. In this paper, Pinghu Formation of Xihu Sag was taken as a target. Characteristics,distribution and formation of carbonate cements were investigated via optical microscopy, cathodoluminescence(CL), electron probe and in-situ carbon-oxygen isotope. The results showed that carbonate cements varied in types and shapes. Calcite/dolomite mainly present as poikilotopic cements, ...     

中尺度暖涡对热带气旋强度变化的影响及作用机制

基于两组理想化数值试验,对比研究了分布于热带气旋不同位置处的海洋中尺度暖涡所引发的热带气旋强度变化的时空特征。研究发现,热带气旋中心附近的暖涡对热带气旋强度有增强作用,而位于热带气旋外围的暖涡则会抑制热带气旋的发展。本研究将暖涡增强（减弱）热带气旋强度的区域称为内（外）区。随着时间的推移,内（外）区暖涡对热带气旋强度的增强（减弱）幅度逐渐减小（增大）,区域范围同步减小（增大）。内区暖涡增强了热带气旋的次级环流和结构对称性、增加了海气界面热通量,同时减弱了外围螺旋雨带,进而导致热带气旋强度增强;若暖涡在外区,其对热带气旋的作用相反,导致热带气旋强度减弱。由于理想化试验中热带气旋静止不动,因此研究结果可能只适用于传播速度较慢的热带气旋。本研究结果有助于更好地理解热带气旋和海洋中尺度暖涡之间的相互作用,并通过引入热带气旋外区暖涡的影响助力提高热带气旋强度预报工作。     

地磁场模型及在海洋环境中的应用需求研究

地磁场是地球固有的基本物理场,地磁场模型是海洋环境保障的重要信息。分析了对地磁场建模理论、现今具有代表性的主磁场模型、地壳异常模型及其他磁场模型最新研究成果,对照地磁场模型在海洋环境中的应用现状,认为现今地磁场模型的分辨率和精度等技术指标尚未能满足地磁匹配导航和水下目标探测等保障需求。提出要深化海域磁场模型应用需求论证,加强现有海域磁力测量资料的整编,积极开展海域地磁场观测的理论创新、技术创新和方法研究,研发出我国海域高精度高分辨率的地磁场模型。     

A terrain openness index for the extraction of karst Fenglin and Fengcong landform units from DEMs

The Fenglin and Fengcong landform units are considered to be an important representation for defining the degree of development of Karst landforms. However, these terrain features have been proven difficult to delineate and extract automatically because of their complex morphology. In this paper, a new method for identifying the Fenglin and Fengcong landform units is proposed. This method consists of two steps: (1) terrain openness calculation and (2) toe line extraction. The proposed method is applied and validated in the Karst case area of Guilin by using ASTER GDEM with one arc-second resolution. The openness of both the positive and negative terrain and a threshold were used to extract toe lines for segmenting depressions and pinnacles in Fenglin and Fengcong landforms. A comparison between the extracted Fenglin and Fengcong landform units and their real units from high resolution images was carried out to evaluate the capability of the proposed method. Results show the proposed method can effectively extract the Fenglin and Fengcong landform units, and has an overall accuracy of 93.28%. The proposed method is simple and easy to implement and is expected to play an important role in the automatic extraction of similar landform units in the Karst area.     

Investigations into the thermal non-equilibrium of W UMa-type contact binaries

Traditionally, some physical details(e.g., magnetic braking, energy transfer, angular momentum loss, etc.) have to be taken into consideration during investigations into the evolution of contact binaries. However, the real evolutionary processes which usually contain several of these physical mechanisms are very complicated as a result of strong interaction between components. To avoid dealing with these factors, a linear relationship is applied to the temperatures of components. It is found that the higher the mass ratio(M_2/M_1) of a contact system, the weaker the deviation from thermal equilibrium.On this basis, a variation trend of fill-out factor(f) changing with mass ratio can be inferred, which is consistent with observations. Moreover, if we stick to this point of view, it should be natural that the number of semi-detached binaries in the predicted broken-contact phase of relaxation oscillations is less than the number in the contact phase.     

面向作战任务的战场环境仿真过程对象模型

针对目前战场环境仿真系统与指控系统之间互操作性还不完善,需要构建一种面向作战任务的战场环境仿真过程模型来有效解析指控系统的关键信息需求。分析了仿真过程结构化特征,采用面向对象的方法构建仿真过程概念模型;分析GeoBML的数据模型和形式化语法,使用形式化语言建立仿真过程的逻辑语义模型;定义仿真过程对象数据结构,构建任务驱动下的仿真过程数据映射模型。最后,基于该模型设计战场环境仿真平台组件并应用,验证其合理性与可扩展性。