基于卷积神经网络的ICESat-2光子点云去噪分类

ICESat-2（Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2）是美国NASA（National Aeronautics and Space Administration）在2018年发射的激光测高卫星,其上搭载的激光测高系统ATLAS（Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System）采用微脉冲多波束光子计数激光雷达系统,因其低能耗、高探测灵敏度、高重复频率的特性极大改善了沿轨采样密度,但也使获取的数据中包含大量的噪声,如何有效实现光子点云去噪分类成为后续应用的关键,也是当前研究的热点和难点,为此本文提出一种基于卷积神经网络的光子点云去噪和分类算法。首先将光子点云按照沿轨和高程方向划分格网,去除明显的噪声光子,并将每个粗信号光子点栅格化为影像;然后基于少量样本构建的卷积神经网络分类模型实现光子点云精去噪和分类;最后利用机载激光雷达数据进行验证,并与ATL08产品的去噪分类结果进行对比。结果表明,对于裸地和森林区域,卷积神经网络算法均能有效去除噪声光子,特别对于森林区域,可同时实现去噪和分类;其中,裸地区域地表计算的R²和RMSE分别为1.0和0.72 m,森林区域地表和树冠计算的R²分别为1.0和0.70, RMSE分别为1.11 m和4.99 m。本文利用深度学习算法实现光子点云去噪分类,在裸地和森林区域均取得了较好的结果,为后续光子点云数据处理提供了参考。     

宁阳县黑山头饰面用变粒角闪岩矿床地质特征及矿床成因

宁阳县黑山头饰面用变粒角闪岩矿床赋存在阜平期蒙山超单元龟蒙顶单元片麻状中粒含黑云花岗闪长岩和西官庄单元片麻状中粒含黑云角闪英云闪长岩中。矿体为新太古代五台期麻塔单元粗粒变角闪石岩,墨绿色,夹杂白色较大不规则条带,中粗粒变晶结构,块状构造。区内主要有1个矿体,呈岩脉状产出,倾角西陡东缓,矿体中间薄两端厚,连续性较好,属于岩浆型花岗岩矿床。     

港池泊稳的能量平衡方程数值模拟

对基于能量平衡方程的多向随机波浪传播数学模型进行改进,通过模拟不同防波堤绕射引起的港池泊稳,验证模型的合理性和有效性。利用非线性弥散关系提高模型计算浅水变形的精度;采用二次逆风差分格式离散控制方程,避免了加入绕射项引起的数值耗散;并将文氏谱加入模型中,使其更加适合中国海域的工程应用。应用改进后模型绘制的双突堤和岛式防波堤绕射系数图与我国《海港水文规范》图进行了对比。对比结果十分接近,可以较好地描述港池的泊稳状况,为综合计算波浪在近岸的浅水变形、折射、绕射、反射和能量耗散等作用奠定了基础。     

Dynamics of large-truncated mooring systems coupled with a catenary moored semi-submersible

With the floating structures pushing their activities to the ultra-deep water,model tests have presented a challenge due to the limitation of the existing wave basins.Therefore,the concept of truncated mooring system is implemented to replace the full depth mooring system in the model tests,which aims to have the same dynamic responses as the full depth system.The truncated mooring system plays such a significant role that extra attention should be paid to the mooring systems with large truncation factor.Three different types of large truncation factor mooring system are being employed in the simulations,including the homogenously truncated mooring system,non-homogenously truncated mooring system and simplified truncated mooring system.A catenary moored semi-submersible operating at 1000 m water depth is presented.In addition,truncated mooring systems are proposed at the truncated water depth of 200 m.In order to explore the applicability of these truncated mooring systems,numerical simulations of the platform’s surge free decay interacting with three different styles of truncated mooring systems are studied in calm water.Furthermore,the mooring-induced damping of the truncated mooring systems is simulated in the regular wave.Finally,the platform motion responses and mooring line dynamics are simulated in irregular wave.All these simulations are implemented by employing full time domain coupled dynamic analysis,and the results are compared with those of the full depth simulations in the same cases.The results show that the mooring-induced damping plays a significant role in platform motion responses,and all truncated mooring systems are suitable for model tests with appropriate truncated mooring line diameters.However,a large diameter is needed for simplified truncated mooring lines.The suggestions are given to the selection of truncated mooring system for different situations as well as to the truncated mooring design criteria.     

Genetic parameter estimation for juvenile growth and upper thermal tolerance in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus)

Twenty-six half-sib groups(53 full-sib families) of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus, were obtained by artificial insemination. We measured growth in the offspring(40–50 individuals/family) and subjected them to a thermal tolerance challenge over a period of 34 d. There was no significant difference in daily mortality(range: 0.580%–1.391%) between Days 1–13 during the thermal tolerance challenge. However, daily cumulative mortality increased rapidly between Days 14 and 29, especially on Days 15 and 16(20.232% and 34.377%, respectively). Mortality was highest on Day 16(14.145%). We estimated the genetic parameters using the average information restricted maximum likelihood method. We used a likelihood ratio test to evaluate the significance of effects in models with and without identity as an effect, and compared the final log-likelihoods(maximum log L). Lastly, we estimated phenotypic and genetic correlation between the upper thermal tolerance limit(UTT) and body weight(BW). In this study, the positive phenotypic correlation was low between UTT and BW(0.093±0.029). The genetic correlation between UTT and BW was negative(-0.044±0.239). The heritability for upper thermal tolerance was low(0.087±0.032), which is of approximately moderate heritability. The heritability for body weight was high(0.303±0.074). Our results suggest there is significant potential for improvement in the culture of turbot by selective breeding.     

3维数字地球快速缓冲区分析算法

提出一种应用在3维数字地球中的通过图形处理器(GPU)快速实现矢量数据缓冲区分析的算法。使用一张4通道的纹理图作为容器将地理实体的矢量数据传入GPU,利用GPU的高效并行特性,将目标缓冲区纹理中的每个像素所对应的矢量坐标与原实体进行距离量算,在一次渲染中得到缓冲区纹理,最后提取出缓冲区纹理的边界。选择中国的流域和湖泊矢量数据,将本文算法与两种传统的CPU算法进行了缓冲区分析计算、测试和对比。结果显示,本文算法相对于传统矢量算法效率提高了9—16倍,相对于传统栅格算法效率提高11—20倍。实验证明,该算法计算简单,效果明显,特别是随着数据量增大,缓冲区计算速度显著优于传统算法,并能有效解决传统矢量法缓冲区分析中的数据自相交问题。     

基于SBAS-InSAR技术的中巴公路(公格尔墓士塔格段)地质体缓慢变形识别研究

中巴公路沿线地质灾害多发,通过微小变形对于其沿线地质灾害进行早期识别是一种重要的防灾措施。本文以中巴公路公格尔山至墓士塔格山段为研究区,选用2007年7月12日至2011年1月20日获取的16景PALSAR合成孔径雷达数据,采用小基线集干涉测量技术(SBAS-InSAR,Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar)进行了变形干涉计算,识别并分析了沿线地质体的变形情况:(1)冰川运动与冰川泥石流作为沿线最主要的地质灾害,变形相对较大,较易识别,有效PS点主要分布在前缘冰碛物部分,反映为正负大变形相间的高异常值点团,其中公格尔山与墓士塔格山山麓的冰碛物运动最为显著; (2)沿线较软弱顺坡结构岩体发育,且风化严重,稳定性较差,易形成溜石坡灾害,表现为顺坡负异常变形; (3)宽谷区PS点变形以正值和较小的负值为主,该区域主要为底部冰水堆积物,上部洪积物,冰川融水补给充足,土体水分含量较高,可能产生冻胀变形,同时也可能存在斜坡重力梯度方向的变形,二者变形合成在测量结果上表现为视线向的正异常; (4)中巴公路主要在湖盆和洪积扇上展布,推测由于不均匀分布软土的变形,使较为刚性的公路部分路段产生了下沉; (5)SBAS-InSAR的高精度变形观测覆盖范围广,对于线性工程周围地质体稳定性的识别具有很好的应用前景。     

河北省石家庄市南部污灌区厚层包气带污染物自然衰减的微生物作用潜力评价

本次研究的目的是利用传统的培养技术和现代的磷脂脂肪酸PLFA(Phosphor Lipid Fatty Acid)技术、Biolog技术、16 S rRNA基因变性梯度凝胶电泳DGGE(Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis)及测序技术,调查石家庄市南部污灌区厚近30 m包气带微生物含量、分布、活性和多样性,评价污灌区厚层包气带污染物自然衰减的微生物作用潜力。包气带沉积物样品通过岩芯钻探获得,用于物理、化学和微生物分析。结果显示,土壤层(5~20 cm)微生物含量高,活性高,代谢类型多,可培养的异养菌与自养菌、好氧异养菌、兼性厌氧异氧菌和专性厌氧异养菌共存;土壤层下伏包气带微生物含量较低,活性降低,代谢类型减少,可培养的细菌主要是好氧性异养菌、兼性厌氧异养菌和好氧自养菌,而且随岩性而变化,在砂层和重粘土层含量低,活性低,而在亚粘土层含量和活性大。研究结果指示土壤层具有很高的污染物生物自然衰减潜力,而且下伏包气带仍有这种潜力,特别是下部溶解有机碳DOC(Dissolved Organic Carbon)含量高的层位潜力更大。     

Geochemistry,and zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os geochronology of Jilongshan Cu–Au deposit,southeastern Hubei Province,China

The Jilongshan skarn Cu–Au deposit is located at the Jiurui ore cluster region in the southwestern part of the Middle–Lower Yangtze River valley metallogenic belt. The region is characterized by NW‐, NNW‐ and EW‐trending faults and the mineralization occurs at the contact of lower Triassic carbonate rocks and Jurassic granodiorite porphyry intrusions. The intrusives are characterized by SiO₂, K₂O, and Na₂O concentrations ranging from 61.66 to 67.8 wt.%, 3.29 to 5.65 wt.%, and 2.83 to 3.9 wt.%, respectively. Their A/CNK (A/CNK = n(Al₂O₃)/[n(CaO) + n(Na₂O) + n(K₂O)]) ratio, δEu, and δCe vary from 0.77 to 1.17, 0.86 to 1, and 0.88 to 0.96, respectively. The rocks show enrichment in light rare earth elements ((La/Yb)_N = 7.61–12.94) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE), and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE), such as Zr, Ti. They also display a peraluminous, high‐K calc‐alkaline signature typical of intrusives associated with skarn and porphyry Cu–Au–Mo polymetallic deposits. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) zircon U–Pb age indicates that the granodiorite porphyry formed at 151.75 ± 0.70 Ma. A few inherited zircons with older ages (677 ± 10 Ma, 848 ± 11 Ma, 2645 ± 38 Ma, and 3411 ± 36 Ma) suggest the existence of an Archaean basement beneath the Middle–Lower Yangtze River region. The temperature of crystallization of the porphyry estimated from zircon thermometer ranges from 744.3 °C to 751.5 °C, and 634.04 °C to 823.8 °C. Molybdenite Re–Os dating shows that the Jilongshan deposit formed at 150.79 ± 0.82 Ma. The metallogeny and magmatism are correlated to mantle–crust interaction, associated with the subduction of the Pacific Plate from the east. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

五河杂岩的变质岩石学及P-T条件分析钻孔的研究

五河杂岩是华北克拉通东部陆块东南缘最重要的岩石单元。然而,直至今日,人们对于该组杂岩一直缺乏足够的研究,特别是对于其形成的变质条件分歧较大。本文通过对蒙城南ZK02钻孔中五河杂岩的构成和地质特征详细研究表明五河杂岩分为上、下两段。上段主要为一套由云母片岩、大理岩和花岗片麻岩组成的变质表壳岩系,下段为一套基性变质岩,主要岩性为斜长角闪岩、角闪岩、石榴斜长角闪岩和少量的混合岩。同时,针对下段特征岩石（石榴斜长角闪岩）,进行了较为详细的岩相学和矿物化学分析,并应用不同的温压计进行P-T条件评价和比较,结合岩相学限定和前人的研究成果,认为五河杂岩的主体普遍经历了高压角闪岩相变质作用,其温压范围为：T=671 ℃～700 ℃和P=0.82～0.95 GPa,地温梯度约为25～28 ℃/km,与典型陆壳地温梯度类似。与同邻区主要岩石单元的变质级别相比,五河杂岩应当形成于板内变质环境,并不具备造山带变质特征。