仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus) mtDNA三个基因片段的序列分析

采用PCR技术对中国烟台、威海和莱州三个地点仿刺参的16S rRNA、COI、IrRNA-COI三个mtDNA基因片段进行了扩增和测序,分别得到了长度约为570bp、640bp和900bp的三段序列,分析了三个采样点样品的遗传多样性。结果表明,每段基因序列扩增均获得两种单倍型,已在Genbank中注册(注册号码:AY852278—AY852283)。通过比较,三个地点样品的序列差异不显著,无缺失、插入、颠换的现象,只有个别位点出现转换,其中16S rRNA序列最为保守,16S rRNA、COI、IrRNA-COI三段序列A T的平均含量为56·2%、59·2%、61·8%,均大于G C含量。三个采样点样品同源性为99·84%—99·96%。将获得的仿刺参DNA序列和Genbank中的来自东太平洋8个外群进行基因序列比较,结果发现,不同目、科的海参的序列差异显著。采用DNAsp统计了各类位点数;MEGA2·1分析了碱基组成和遗传距离,构建了系统树。系统树体现的分类关系与这些物种的形态学分类关系完全一致。     

对虾、青蛤和江蓠混养系统氮磷收支的实验研究

为减少养殖污水中营养盐的排放量,降低对近海水质的污染,采用海水陆基围隔实验法,对凡纳滨对虾(Litope-naeus vannamei)、青蛤(Cyclina sinesis)和菊花心江蓠(Gracilaria lichevoides)不同混养系统的氮(N)、磷(P)收支状况进行了实验研究。结果表明:实验中的单养组投放的饵料占N总输入的75.5%,占P总输入的93.6%,混养组投放的饵料占N总输入的54.7%~64.8%,占P总输入的81.6%~88.7%;在支出项目中,单养组和混养组收获的养殖生物分别占N总输入的25.0%和44.4%~51.5%,占P总收入的11.2%和25.1%~31.8%;底泥沉积N,P为其主要支出项目,单养组和混养组分别占总输入的45.1%和30.0~32.5%,68.3%和50.3%~57.1%,其中混养组N,P的底泥沉积量低于单养组。     

温度和盐度对几种大型海藻生长率和NH4-N吸收的影响

温度和盐度对细基江蓠繁枝变型(Gracilaria tenuistipitata var.liui)、孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)和蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia filicina)生长率及细基江蓠繁枝变型NH₄-N吸收的影响进行了实验研究.结果表明,温度和盐度对上述3种海藻生长率及NH₄-N吸收均有显著影响.3种海藻的生长适宜温度和盐度范围分别为细基江蓠繁枝变型20～30℃,15～30,孔石莼15～25℃,15～40,蜈蚣藻20～25℃,25～35;最大日特定生长率(SGR)分别为8.66%,12.28%,2.24%;N饥饿细基江蓠繁枝变型对NH₄-N的吸收存在短期的快吸收.细基江蓠繁枝变型NH₄-N吸收的最适温度和盐度范围分别为15～25℃,10～25.生长率及NH₄-N吸收速率与温度和盐度之间分别存在以下关系:SGR_G.t.=0.873(S-5.487)(T-9.007)e(-0.0708S-0.0745T);SGR_U.p.=0.222(S-2.665)e-0.047S(T-9.98)e-0.00057(T-9.98)2.7;SGR_G.f.=2.6×10-4(S-10.856)(T-11.704)e0.156T-3.36×10-6STe0.219T;V_upt=11.812(S-4.081)(T-9.221)e-0.1S-0.148T.     

近岸波浪浅水变形的非线性分析

本文就近岸波浪具有非线性特征提出了应用椭圆余弦波理论来研究波浪浅水变形的非线性问题。本文在椭圆余弦波数值计算的基础上，进一步分析了浅水波浪在ＨＬ~２／Ｄ~３＞２６情形下波高的变化规律，其中考虑了床面底摩擦、底坡和传质水流等因素对波高变化的影响及相应的程度分析。计算结果分析表明，浅水波浪的非线性性质和底部摩擦对波高变化的影响不能忽略，这对确定海岸工程标高有较大的实际意义和经济价值。     

长江口区鱼类的复殖吸虫

中国科学院海洋研究所于1985-1986年进行长江ロ渔业资源生物本底调查,作者对渔业试捕中所获鱼类作复殖吸虫检查,先后共四次,解剖鲜鱼497尾，发现吸虫14种(含褶膜吸虫未定种和芽腺吸虫幼虫),其中有2个新种,均属半尾科 Lemuridae (Looss，1899)Luhe,190l。新种模式标本保存在中国科学院海洋研究所。本文虫体各部分测量一律为mm,卵子为μm。     

Motions of a spherical submarine in waves

The free motions in waves of submerged vehicles with a spherical hull from but different metacentric heights are sought. The problem is analysed by considering the submerged vehicle as a neutrally buoyant sphere. The solutions to two independent problems, namely the radiation problem and the diffraction problem, are required. Nondimensional parameters known as the added mass, damping and diffraction coefficients for neutrally buoyant spheres are derived and computed values of these coefficients are presented in tabulated form. The responses of surge, heave and pitch are explicitly expressed by these coefficients and the metacentric height of the submarine. A spherical submarine is practically motionless relative to the particle movement of waves except at the vicinity of reasonant frequency, which is governed by the value of metacentric height.     

影响计算海湾内台风波浪的诸因素

本文阐明了影响计算海湾内台风波浪的重要因素，使用我们目前已改进了的模式，可克服以往的计算缺陷，而使计算效果达到最佳。同时，阐述了不同海湾、不同的地理环境对台风浪波能的消衰不同。并强调了台风增水对台风浪计算的影响，其也直接影响着工程设计波浪参数的合理选取。     

西沙群岛鱼类复殖吸虫 Ⅱ

作者继续整理1977年在西沙群岛采集的鱼类复殖吸虫标本,共得4科19种,其中有7新种。分别描述于后(新种的鉴定见表1)。其它为地区或宿主新纪录(种名见表2)。测量一律用毫米,卵子为微米。模式标本保存在中国科学院海洋研究所。     

Nonlinear Analysis of Nearshore Wave Height Variation Due to Shoaling

Wave formulae derived from the dispersion relation for cnoidal waves are used to find an analytical solution to the problem of nearshore wave height variation on a simple topography, i. e., with an incrementally constant slope. The solution accounts for shoaling, frictional dissipation and will be sufficiently accurate for practical purposes considering the simplified assumptions which are necessary for the treatment of this problem by any method.     

Laboratory Studies on Property Changes in Surrounding Clays Due to Installation of Deep Mixing Columns

This paper has identified six major factors causing property changes in surrounding soils during and after installation of deep mixing columns: soil thixotropy, soil fracturing, cement penetration and diffusion, cementation, consolidation, and heating. Laboratory tests were performed to investigate the effects of soil thixotropy, soil fracturing, and cementation in a soft marine clay, Ariake clay. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate property changes in surrounding clays due to installation of deep mixing columns. Test results showed that an influential zone of property changes existed in surrounding clay ranging from the edge of the columns to the distance of about twice the radius of the columns. Within this influential zone, water content decreased as samples neared the columns, while pH values and electric conductivity increased. Test results also showed that undrained shear strengths of the surrounding clays decreased during mixing but regained after a 7-day curing period and continued increasing during 28 days in this study.