长江河口最大浑浊带研究

本文在以前一系列研究的基础上,把长江河口最大浑浊带视作一个系统,对它形成的环境背景、时空变化规律、泥沙来源、絮凝作用对悬沙落淤的影响、浮泥的特性与分布、悬沙的富集机制等进行了较系统的综合分析,并指出了需要深入研究的问题。     

南京北郊低空污染气象条件若干特征

本文根据南京北郊大厂镇地区实测低空温风资料的统计分析,揭露了该区低空逆温、混合层顶高度、风向、风速、大气稳定度等的铅直分布规律和局地环流的某些特征。     

我国杭州地区秋和稻田的甲烷排放

1987年秋季在杭州郊区采用一套全自动的观测系统,对稻田的甲烷排放进行了观测。在整个晚稻灌溉期内,稻田是大气甲烷的一个源地,其甲烷释放率最高可达240mg/m~2·h。甲烷释放率具有很强的季节性变化,在水稻成熟期之前,甲烷释放率一般在40-60mg·CH_4/m~2·h的水平上波动,在成熟期间则降为10mg·CH_4/m~2·h的水平。除移栽期外的整个水稻生长期间的甲烷平均释放率为39mg/m~2·h。甲烷释放率具有明显的日变化,一般在午夜至凌晨3—4点达最大值,白天较低,变化也较小。这可能与水稻植物体由于其生理上的日变化引起的甲烷气体传输能力的日变化有关。实验没有观测到不同施肥(K_2SO_4和菜饼)对甲烷释放率的明显影响。阴雨天的降温一般在2—3天后引起甲烷释放率的迅速下降,这可能是因土壤中发酵细菌如产甲烷菌数量的减少造成的。尽管甲烷释放率和土壤温度在整个生长期间基本上是逐步下降的,但两者之间并没有简单的正相关性。土壤中产生的甲烷气体只有一小部分释放到大气中,从土壤中冒出来的气泡往往可引起释放率的急剧上升。1985年全球稻田的甲烷释放量估计为134±3lTg(1Tg=10~(12)g),其中12±26Tg和30±6Tg分别来自亚太地区和中国稻田。     

Effect of coal mine waters of variable pH on springwater quality: A case study

Disruption of coal strata during mining accelerates pyrite oxidation by exposing greater surface areas of the reactive mineral to weathering. Acidic water in a coal mine in the Niangziguan spring watershed is related to this process and is characterized by low pH (min. 2.52) and high sulfate (max. 4100 mg/I), iron (max. 257 mg/I), and hardness (max. 2274.45 mg/I). However, it is possible that the kind of acidic coal mine water is subsequently neutralized because of the dissolution of calcite present in the coal strata. The hydrochemical characters of the alkaline coal mine water produced are high pH (max. 8.18), sulfate (max. 542 mg/I), and hardness (max. 1183.56 mg/I) and lower iron (min. 0.12 mg/I). Experiments were conducted to further understand the mechanism of the formation of both acidic and alkaline waters in the spring watershed coal mines by modeling natural conditions with simplification, and the results of the experiments have shown that they are basically successful. The high sulfate (max. 223.82 mg/I) and hardness (max. 435.53 mg/I) of the Niangziguan springs are related to the influence of the neutralized acid coal mine water as demonstrated by analysis of water temperature, total dissolved solid, Q-mode cluster analysis, and sulfur isotopes. The influence of the neutralized acid coal mine water on the pH and iron in the springs is not obvious because of the neutralization effect of calcite in aquifer, the buffer effect of groundwater, and the precipitation of iron. Some measures to prevent the formation of acid and alkaline coal mine water are presented.     

贵州及邻区中奥陶世十字铺期岩相及古环境重塑

一、区域地质背景研究区位於上扬子地台康滇古陆的西面。从震旦纪到早奥陶世,研究区逐渐从陆棚发展成一个碳酸盐台地,其西面为滨、浅海,东面为盆地。中奥陶世十字铺期由于受太康运动的影响,其沉积特征和古地理格架明显不同于以前。十字铺期系指Clypt.austrodentatus/Clypt.sinodentatus带的结束到头足类Sinoceras chinense(Foord)的大量出现或Sinoceras chinense(Foord)和牙形刺Hamarodus europaeus同时出现的一段时间。这一时期由于古陆已历经剥蚀,地势平缓,起伏不大,陆源物质供应量逐渐减少,陆表海以内源沉积物为主,广泛发育了碳酸盐岩沉积。黔中地区虽有上升,但仍为平缓的水下隆起,其对台地上南北方向上的岩相变化起到了一定影响。     

胶东两大成因系列金矿石英包裹体氢氧同位素及成矿流体组分地球化学研究

胶东金的成矿作用是在以前寒武纪绿岩带为初始矿源层背景上演化的。与各时代地质热事件相匹配的成矿作用形成了区域两大内生成因系列热液金矿——元古宙变生热液金矿及中生代大气降水热液金矿。成矿流体与围岩相互作用过程中的δD、δ~(18)O演化规律及成矿流体化学组分一方面揭示了这两种矿床成因的差异,另一方面又反映了它们存在着某些内在的成因联系。