内蒙古喀喇沁早中生代闪长岩的岩石学,地球化学及其成因

本文研究了内蒙古喀喇漏沁地区含镁铁质－超镁铁质堆晶岩和基性麻粒岩捕虏体的闪长岩的同位素年代学、岩石学及地球化学,得到以下几点认识：（１）闪长岩全岩和单矿物Ｋ－Ａｒ年龄为２１９～２２３Ｍａ。（２）闪长岩与其中的堆晶岩和基性麻粒岩捕虏无成因联系;（３）各类闪长岩可能是太古宙斜长角闪岩高度部分熔融的产物;（４）闪长岩的形成与研究区早中生代的底侵作用有关,反映了伸展构造背景。     

Phosphatized Punctatus with mouthparts and its embryo fossils from the Lower Cambrian of Ningqiang, south Shaanxi, China

The appearance of coelenterates marks the real beginning of metazoan evolution. It therefore has a prominent position in the origin and evolutionary history of organisms, and is also a pivotal question of evolutionary biology. Punctatus is an extinct, ancient marine animal from the early stage of the Cambrian explosion, occurring at the lowermost Cambrian of both Kuanchuanpu (Ningqiang, Shaanxi) and Maidiping (Emei, Sichuan) areas. Punctatus has been studied for many years since the discovery of its fragments. Systematic and phylogenetic analysis has long been limited because of the rarity of complete specimens. In order to improve research into Punctatus, more than ten thousand globular fossils were recovered by means of “Chemistry Retting”. On the basis of the study of these globular fossils, a series of Punctatus fossils with cone parts and finely preserved soft-tissue mouthparts and fossilized metazoan embryo were recovered. Through research on characteristics such as shape, modality and structure of these fossils symbiotic with Punctatus emeiensis, the author found many possible embryo fossils including the evidence of gastrula-stage animal fossils. The sequence of fetation might have appeared on the corolliform oral region of Punctatus emeiensis. A study of the soft tissues, functional morphology and the sequence of embryo fossils shows evidence that Punctatus resembles coelenterate polyps in systematic classification. Perhaps it also represents an ancestor of the coelenterate with an original tentacle. A comparison with the real “tentacle animal” found in the Chengjiang Fauna, shows that the original tentacle is very tiny and its function range is limited. This reveals the primitive nature of the animal. Although the original tentacle is so small, it does exist, representing the first big step towards the real flexible tentacle with a strong function from the early evolving tentacle. Translated from Journal of Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 2006, 45(2): 182–194 [译自: 古生物学报]     

2006年4月11—12日寒潮天气成因

利用天气图和数值预报产品，对2006年4月11—12日河南省寒潮天气过程的环流形势、单站气象要素变化及成因等进行了分析，结果表明：500hPa横槽转竖是寒潮天气产生的重要影响系统；850hPa冷平流是强降温的主要原因。     

Variations in Holocene fire activity and its controls in the Ningshao Plain,eastern China

Extensive fires pose catastrophic threats to both human and natural ecosystems. Understanding the history of fire, particularly Holocene palaeofire activity in densely populated areas, is essential for predicting future fire risks and developing effective fire management policies. The complexity of fire activity is influenced by various factors, including climate and anthropogenic activities. In this study, we analysed microcharcoal from the top 35.36 m of a well-dated sediment core HMD1401 in Ningshao Plain, eastern China. We combined our findings with phytolith and diatom evidence to obtain a comprehensive understanding of variations in Holocene fire activity and its controls. The results showed that there was higher fire activity during the early and late Holocene and less fire activity during the mid-Holocene. More frequent fire occurred from c. 10 000–7000 cal. a BP and was primarily caused by abundant biomass and high seasonal flammability due to increased annual temperature and precipitation and warm but dry winter climate. Fire occurrences between c. 7000–2000 cal. a BP remained at a low level, except for the periods c. 5900–5600 cal. a BP and c. 5300 cal. a BP, which may have been caused by extreme climate events. The impact of fire caused by human activity was significantly enhanced during the last two millennia.     

广域电磁法在郑州地区深部地热资源勘查中的应用

应用广域电磁法对郑州地区深部寒武-奥陶系岩溶型热储进行探测研究,共布设了4条NNE向广域电磁测深剖面,获得了415个测深点。通过对广域电磁测深数据的处理、分析和反演,获得了研究区内4000 m以浅的二维电性结构模型。综合区域地质资料,地层由新到老依次划分为第四系-新近系、三叠系、二叠系-石炭系、奥陶系-寒武系、元古界。推断了新郑-太康断裂、大隗镇断裂、张庄断裂、推断断裂F4和李粮店断裂的位置、产状等信息。其中,新郑-太康断裂为新郑凸起与薛店-尉氏南次凹带的分界断裂,控制了三叠系沉积。基于地层和断裂分布特征,推断了7个深部寒武-奥陶系岩溶型热储的有利部位,认为位于新郑-太康断裂的DR1热储部位成热条件最好。     

平面应变下原状黄土的剪切带研究

针对黄土地区工程建设中的平面应变问题,使用改进的西安理工大学真三轴仪进行了不同侧向固结压力、不同含水率下原状黄土的平面应变剪切试验,得出了剪切破坏时剪切带倾角试验值,根据应力-应变关系曲线求出了剪切带倾角的Mohr-Coulomb、Roscoe理论解,分析了相应控制因素下原状黄土强度、剪切带破坏模式与倾角的变化。结果表明：应力-应变曲线随含水率、侧向固结压力的增大从原生软化型向次生硬化型转变;剪切带破坏模式随侧向固结压力的增大依次呈现单一剪切带、锥型剪切带和X型剪切带;随着含水率的增大,黏聚力、内摩擦角减小导致Mohr-Coulomb剪切带倾角减小,剪胀作用增强导致Roscoe剪切带倾角增大;随侧向固结压力增大,动内摩擦角增大及剪胀作用增强,导致Mohr-Coulomb、Roscoe剪切带倾角增大。     

Electron Probe Microanalysis of Variable Oxidation State Oxides: Protocol and Pitfalls

Electron probe microanalysis of geological oxide materials relies on stoichiometric considerations to estimate the content of undetermined oxygen and thus calculate ZAF (atomic number, absorption, fluorescence) matrix correction factors, requiring the valences of cations in the corresponding software to be unambiguously defined. However, stoichiometric ZAF corrections may be problematic in the presence of other undetermined elements or variable valence state cations. Herein, we analyse several oxides containing such cations, that is magnetite (Fe₃O₄), haematite (Fe₂O₃), hausmannite (Mn₃O₄) and cuprite (Cu₂O). We compare data re‐calculated for incorrect valence states ( Method 1 ) with reference values, revealing incorrect results, due to an incorrect amount of oxygen used in the matrix correction. Some solid‐solution series of haematite and magnetite were also modelled in CalcZAF program to prove the relative errors when the incorrect oxygen is used. To resolve these issues, we describe two accurate methods. Method 2 uses the true valence states of analysed elements. In Method 3, all cations are analysed as metals, with the content of undetermined oxygen determined by difference. As EPMA software does not allow the use of non‐integer valences, Method 3 is applicable to cations with non‐integer or dubious valences in cases where these non‐integer valences cannot be defined.     

川井坳陷砂岩型铀矿含矿地层孢粉组合及古气候意义

为了厘清二连盆地川井坳陷准噶顺地区钻井所揭示的砂岩型铀矿含矿地层的时代,本次对钻孔内煤层及深灰色泥岩样品开展孢粉学研究工作。含矿层孢粉具有Cicatricosisporites-Cyathidites-Abietineaepollenites-Pinuspollenites-Classopollis组合特征,指示地层时代为早白垩世阿普第期—阿尔比期。结合碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱分析,认为沉积时期主要物质来源于东南部巴音杭盖凸起的古元古界宝音图岩群,小部分来源于北侧索伦山隆起的蛇绿构造混杂岩组分。对孢粉植被类型、气候带类型、干湿度类型进行统计分析,认为古植被以针叶为主,其次为常绿阔叶林,灌木和草本也有一定数量。松科、紫萁科、卷柏科等孢子和花粉与掌鳞杉科、桫椤科、里百科等热带—亚热带植物孢子和花粉混合,显示古气候为湿润的亚热带气候。虽然,白彦花组向上湿生植物有所增加,但是Classopollis和Jugella等旱生植物数量显著增加、针叶及常绿阔叶林有所减少,表明气候有向半干旱方向发展的趋势。下白垩统白彦花组沉积的泥-砂-泥地层结构稳定,砂体透水性好,含有较高还原组分,为含铀流体的还原沉淀提...