Mining spatiotemporal association patterns from complex geographic phenomena

ABSTRACT

Spatiotemporal association pattern mining can discover interesting interdependent relationships among various types of geospatial data. However, existing mining methods for spatiotemporal association patterns usually model geographic phenomena as simple spatiotemporal point events. Therefore, they cannot be applied to complex geographic phenomena, which continuously change their properties, shapes or locations, such as storms and air pollution. The most salient feature of such complex geographic phenomena is the geographic dynamic. To fully reveal dynamic characteristics of complex geographic phenomena and discover their associated factors, this research proposes a novel complex event-based spatiotemporal association pattern mining framework. First, a complex geographic event was hierarchically modeled and represented by a new data structure named directed spatiotemporal routes. Then, sequence mining technique was applied to discover the spatiotemporal spread pattern of the complex geographic events. An adaptive spatiotemporal episode pattern mining algorithm was proposed to discover the candidate driving factors for the occurrence of complex geographic events. Finally, the proposed approach was evaluated by analyzing the air pollution in the region of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. The experimental results showed that the proposed approach can well address the geographic dynamic of complex geographic phenomena, such as the spatial spreading pattern and spatiotemporal interaction with candidate driving factors.     

构造控制下的蚀变—矿化体的形成——以冀西北崇礼中山沟金矿为例

冀北崇礼县中山沟金矿是产出在水泉沟碱性杂岩体内的脉状矿床,受近N—S向断裂构造控制明显。矿化蚀变主要有钾化、硅化、泥质岩化和绿帘石化等。矿石主要呈脉状、细脉状和角砾状产出。根据不同蚀变的矿物组合和穿插关系,成矿阶段可分为钾化—贫硫化物、乳白色石英—硫化物阶段、强硅化—硫化物阶段和碳酸盐化阶段,金矿化主要与强硅化—硫化物阶段密切相关。通过详细的构造测量和矿床地球化学研究,钾化—贫硫化物阶段受左旋构造运动控制,可能为中温、中盐度（330~290℃;4. 65%~6. 88%NaCleq）的含碳热液与大气降水混溶（δ18OH2O, V SMOW: 5. 26‰~6. 76‰;δDV SMOW: -96. 3‰~89. 9‰）作用形成。硅化—硫化物阶段是由左旋运动向右旋伸展作用转变的结果,并发生了高角度大规模充填。由于发生大规模流体沸腾和热液混溶（δ18OH2O, V SMOW: 0. 41‰~6. 47‰;δDV SMOW: -80. 2‰~-92. 9‰）,在右旋张性脉形成乳白色石英—硫化物阶段,在右旋压扭性构造中形成脉型、细脉型硫化物和角砾岩性矿化,并与强硅化带伴生。成矿流体晚期阶段,碳酸盐化是最普遍的蚀变类型。稳定同位素（碳—氢—氧—硫）测试结果表明,含矿热液是高度演化的岩浆水和大气降水混溶的产物,部分碳可能源自地幔,并与岩浆作用有关;明显负δ34SV CDT（-11. 2‰~-24. 8‰）表明成矿热液呈现高氧逸度。放射同位素（氦—铅）组成表明,成矿物质中的铅和氦可能部分源自地幔流体。因此,中山沟金矿构造—矿化—蚀变的形成可能与岩浆作用有关,为与幔枝构造有关的中温中硫热液矿床。     

辽宁阜新北部地区早侏罗世花岗岩LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb年龄、地球化学特征及铷矿化

辽宁阜新北部地区的稀有金属铷资源较为丰富,与铷成矿相关的岩体岩性主要为中细粒二长花岗岩,LA- ICP- MS锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为175. 6±2. 8 Ma,时代为早侏罗世。岩体富碱、过铝质、分异程度高,富集HREE、Th、U、Hf,亏损Sr、P、Ti。较低的K/Rb值（70. 92~82. 93）、负铕异常（δEu=0. 20~0. 40）、稀土总量（ΣREE=56. 35~122. 23）和轻重稀土比值（LREE/ HREE =3. 10~4. 73）,Nb/Ta值（7. 90~10. 18）低于上地壳Nb/Ta值（13. 4）,Rb —（Y+Nb）图解与Rb/10—Hf—3Ta图解反映出岩体形成于板内拉张的构造环境。结合区域上对稀有金属铷的研究,认为该地区早侏罗世中细粒二长花岗岩为重要的稀有金属铷矿的找矿标志之一。     

Aftershocks triggering in a conjugate normal fault zone: a case study of the 2020 MW 5.7 Utah earthquake sequence

Natural Hazards - Rupturing of the primary fault may trigger secondary fault activity in a complex multi-fault system. The mainshock focal mechanism and well-constrained aftershock locations reveal...     

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系马家沟组马五6亚段硬石膏产状类型与成因*

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系马家沟组马五₆亚段硬石膏产状类型多样,基于系统的宏观与微观岩石学分析,识别并区分出星散状(A1型)、纹层状(A2型)、致密块状(A3型)、结核状或团块状(A4型)、鸡雏状或角砾状(A5型)等硬石膏产状类型。单井高频旋回和微相分析表明,马五₆亚段发育与潮坪、潟湖、鲕粒滩、砂屑滩、微生物丘等有关的5种高频向上变浅序列,硬石膏的产状类型、产出位置和分布形式等与向上变浅序列有很好的耦合关系。A1型和A2型硬石膏发育于高频向上变浅序列的下部和中部,主要与膏云质或云膏质潟湖相关,属于潟湖相原生化学沉积成因。A3型硬石膏分布于高频向上变浅序列的上部,受膏质潟湖控制,也属于原生化学沉积成因。经典的结核状硬石膏(A4-1)呈随机分布形式产于潮坪沉积序列,为成岩期交代作用或者膏化作用成因,与传统萨布哈交代成因的膏质结核相似。A4-2型硬石膏主要出现在颗粒岩和微生物岩中,主要由富含CaSO₄的下渗卤水在溶蚀孔洞中沉淀形成;A5型硬石膏发育于向上变浅序列的上部和顶部,与高频暴露有关,为准同生期以溶蚀—充填为主的岩溶改造成因。发育完整的单个高频旋回,大致经历了高频快速海侵早期、高频快速海侵晚期至缓慢海退早期、高频缓慢海退晚期和高频海退末期暴露4个演化阶段,形成了与之耦合的海相碳酸盐岩与硬石膏共生序列。这些认识将对马家沟组沉积古环境的再认识具有重要的参考意义。     

Monitoring tilting angle of the slope surface to predict loess fall landslide: an on-site evidence from Heifangtai loess fall landslide in Gansu Province,China

Landslides - Due to the huge losses caused by landslides, landslide deformation monitoring has become essential. The change of the tilting angle of the slope surface can reflect the instability...     

Evaluation of the benefits of facility for disaster mitigation based on the risk of debris flow

Landslides - Numerous collapses and landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake provide abundant loose materials for a large number of debris flows that occurred after the earthquake. Most of the...     

渤海湾盆地古近纪古地理特征与油气*

渤海湾盆地是一个典型的内陆裂谷盆地,内部发育6个坳陷、4个隆起、54个凹陷和44个凸起。沉积盆地的含油气性与其古地理分布有密切的关系。利用渤海湾盆地各坳陷大量的录井、岩心、古生物、测井、地震资料及前人的大量文献和数据,对渤海湾盆地各坳陷古近系孔店组、沙河街组沙四段、沙三段、沙二段、沙一段、东营组进行了全区对比和统层。在此基础上,对冀中坳陷、济阳坳陷、临清坳陷内东濮凹陷各组段的沉积相进行了分析,编制了这些区域的古地理图;充分利用前人文献和科研报告中所编制的辽河坳陷、黄骅坳陷、渤海海域古近系各组段的古地理图,编制了渤海湾盆地孔店组、沙河街组沙四段、沙三段、沙二段、沙一段、东营组的古地理图。渤海湾盆地发育数十个含油气凹陷,每个凹陷中心的深湖亚相泥岩构成烃源岩,而在凹陷的边缘发育近岸水下扇、扇三角洲、三角洲、滩坝等砂体,构成重要的储集层,在有利的成藏条件下,凹陷中央的烃源岩向周围与之互层的储集层供烃形成油藏,在凹陷中央的烃源岩中,还发育了页岩油、页岩气、致密油气等非常规油气。因此,每个凹陷就是油气生成、运聚的基本单元,是一个独立的油气运移—聚集系统。生油凹陷的分布及其古地理特征控制了油气在渤海湾盆地古近系中的平面分布。