板桥学校液化带工程地质条件及液化土层特性

砂土液化是地震主要次生地质灾害之一。在512汶川地震中,德阳等地发生较大面积砂土液化现象。为详细了解液化带工程地质基本特征,选择板桥学校液化带进行详细液化震害调查、钻探和现场试验。结果表明:（1）液化震害典型,主要包括喷水冒砂、地表裂缝、侧移和基础下沉等;（2）砾石层是唯一的无粘性土层,砾石层分为性质不同的全新世沉积和更新世沉积两部分,未见砂层分布;（3）液化土层是全新统砾石层,该砾石的颗粒大小分布特征表现为级配不良,并有粒组缺失现象;（4）非液化盖层对喷出物有过滤作用,砂粒等细颗粒容易沿裂缝喷出地表,卵砾石等粗颗粒受阻留在土层中,导致喷出物为砂土。     

水热条件下黄铁矿片、板状晶体的微结构

利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)系统观测了黄铁矿片、板状晶体的微结构,发现在水热条件下生成的黄铁矿片、板状晶体具有正方形、矩形等多种形貌。其中,正方形较多,矩形次之,另可见到一些其他不规则形状。黄铁矿片、板状晶生长完好,未见缺陷。经测定多数四边形片状黄铁矿的两组边分别平行(010)和(100),其生长晶面为(001);个别四边形片状黄铁矿的两组边分别平行(010)和(101),其生长晶面为(101),矩形片状黄铁矿长轴生长方向为001。在水热条件下黄铁矿以多形貌出现,黄铁矿的片、板状晶体多数是沿(001)面生长的结果,(001)为黄铁矿片、板状晶体的主要二维生长面,并沿001方向扩展,构成了二维晶体。     

Stable Isotope Composition of Rainfall,Surface Water and Groundwater along the Yellow River

The intention of this work is to consider the stable isotopic compositions of oxygen and deuterium in rainfall, surface water and groundwater along the Yellow River in the North China Plain (NCP). This demonstrated that the δ18O values in groundwater varied from –10.17 to –6.85‰, with mean value of –8.76‰, and that the δD ranged from –68.7 to –58.0‰, with mean value of –63.4‰, respectively. The δ18O values in surface water varied from –8.36 to 1.32‰, with mean value of –6.8‰, and δD ranged from –64.4 to –35.1‰, with mean value of –57.6‰, respectively. Further, The range of Cl- values of groundwater varied from 5.9 to 340.5 mg/L and that values ranged from 30.1 to 81.9 mg/L in surface water samples and Na+ value changed from 27.4 to 321 mg/L in groundwater, while that in surface water varied from 24.8 to 50.5 mg/L. Most of the points fall below the GMWL?, but are close to the LMWL.? Therefore the results indicated that the groundwaters along the Yellow River were influenced by rainfall in heavy events and surface water.     

用时间序列模拟和预报天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川年径流总量

本文把1958—1984年天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川的融水径流总量的时间序列X(t),分解为趋势项L(t)、周期项P(t)、平稳项S(t)、随机项ε(t),使该时间序列表示为X(t)=L(t)+P(t)+S(t)+ε(t)。采用非线性回归提取L(t),用谱分析和Fourier级数提取P(t),余差用自回归方程建模,用上述项的叠加作出预报,按相关指数公式计算R=0.90,效果良好。     

Origin and tectonic significance of a Mesozoic multi-layer over-thrust system within the Yangtze Block (South China)

In the Yangtze Block (South China), a well-developed Mesozoic thrust system extends through the Xuefeng and Wuling mountains in the southeast to the Sichuan basin in the northwest. The system comprises both thin- and thick-skinned thrust units separated by a boundary detachment fault, the Dayin fault. To the northwest, the thin-skinned belt is characterized by either chevron anticlines and box synclines to the northwest or chevron synclines to the southeast. The former structural style displays narrow exposures for the cores of anticlines and wider exposures for the cores of synclines. Thrust detachments occur along Silurian (Fs) and Lower Cambrian (Fc) strata and are dominantly associated with the anticlines. To the southeast, this style of deformation passes gradually into one characterized by chevron synclines with associated principal detachment faults along Silurian (Fs), Cambrian (Fc) and Lower Sinian (Fz) strata. There are, however, numerous secondary back thrusts. Therefore, the thin-skinned belt is like the Valley and Ridge Province of the North American Applachian Mountains. The thick-skinned belt structurally overlies the thin-skinned belt and is characterized by a number of klippen including the Xuefeng and Wuling nappes. It is thus comparable to the Blue Ridge Province of Appalachia.The structural pattern of this thrust system in South China can be explained by a model involving detachment faulting along various stratigraphic layers at different stages of its evolution. The system was developed through a northwest stepwise progression of deformation with the earliest delamination along Lower Sinian strata (Fz). Analyses of balanced geological cross-sections yield about 18.1–21% (total 88 km) shortening for the thin-skinned unit and at least this amount of shortening for the thick-skinned unit. The compressional deformation from southeast to northwest during Late Jurassic to Cretaceous time occurred after the westward progressive collision of the Yangtze Block with the North China Block and suggests that the orogenic event was intracontinental in nature.     

激电法直接探测油气藏的有效性及提高其应用效果的途径

本文介绍了激电法直接探测油气藏的基本原理,对激电法直接探测油气藏的有效性进行了分析和评价,探讨和提出了提高其应用效果的途径。激电法直接探测油气藏是有效的,但也存在着某些局限性。为了提高其应用效果,笔者提出了如下建议:(1)要重视剩余电磁效应的测量;(2)要采用较大的装置;(3)应紧密结合地质资料对激电异常进行解释;(4)激电测量和资料解释应与找构造的物探方法和其它直接找油气的物化探方法相结合来进行。     

姑婆山主体花岗岩中富钇钍石的发现

本文论述一种据X射线粉晶分析属钍石类矿物结构,但成分上富含高量重稀土(HRE_2O_3达11.51%),且以钇(Y_2O_3达8.69%)为主的钍石矿物。文中在阐述其产状、共生组合及物性的基础上,对其生成条件进行了初步探讨,认为该矿物的生成是两次替代作用的结果。铀在其中起了媒介作用;重稀土(特别是钇)在姑婆山主体花岗岩边部相岩石中的明显富集是其生成的物质条件。     

新的金矿物—珲春矿（Au2Pb）

珲春矿产于吉林东部珲春河第四系冲积砂金矿中,矿物粒度十分细小,常与自然金或阿纽依矿(AuPb_2)呈文象交生。在光学显微镜下新鲜面为灰白色,金属光泽,氧化后颜色变暗。等轴晶系,Fd3m空间群,显微硬度128～149kg/mm~2。化学成分:Au 63.38％～66.26％,Pb 31.60％～24.64％,Ag 1.76％～2.96％。矿物化学式为Au_2Pb。     

华北地台南缘霍邱安阳山地区八公山群地层时代归属（青白口纪）：来自碎屑锆石年代学的制约

分布于华北地台南缘,霍邱-固始交界安阳山地区的八公山群,由一套碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩组成。最近,人们在碳酸盐岩中发现、珊瑚等化石,确定灰岩时代为晚石炭世。但是,碎屑岩的地质时代仍然没有定论。碎屑岩由粉砂质泥岩、石英砂岩、粉砂岩等组成,厚度大于780 m。石英砂岩为中-厚层状,中细粒结构,成分成熟度和结构成熟度高,石英含量高达95%以上,属于滨海-陆棚沉积。应用LA-ICP-MS对石英砂岩中碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,样品HQ2106和HQ2204最年轻的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分别为860±22.2 Ma（YSG）,877±22.6 Ma（YSG）,前者代表了地层的最大沉积年龄,它们也得到锆石年龄加权平均值（YC1σ和YC2σ）的支持。因此,研究区八公山群碎屑岩地层时代属于青白口纪（拉伸纪）。该研究结果将为华北地台南缘前寒武纪地层划分对比以及构造演化历史重塑提供重要依据。