Metasedimentary rocks of the paleoarchean Dniester-Bug Group,Ukrainian Shield: Composition,age, and sources

Paleoarchean granulite-facies metasedimentary rocks (quartzites, garnet quartzites, garnet-pyroxene gneisses, pyroxene-magnetite and magnetite quartzites) attributed to the Dniester-Bug Group of the Ukrainian Shield were studied. On the basis of geochemical data, including REE, the primary composition of these rocks was reconstructed as association of Fe-rich sandstones and sublitharenites, Fe-shales, and BIFs. This sedimentary association is similar to the rocks of other ancient greenstone belts and ascribed to the Algama-type iron formation. The sum of Al₂O₃, CaO, Na₂O, and TiO₂, high Zr contents (>100 ppm in quartzites), and the presence of detrital zircon grains of different ages are consistent with the terrigenous nature of sedimentary rocks. The Sm/Nd, Ti/Zr, Sc/Zr, and Ni/Zr ratios indicate the predominance of granitoid rocks in the source areas. The elevated Cr contents suggest that, in addition to granitoids, the source area contained ultramafic rocks. Geochemical characteristics, such as Fe/Mn ratio, low REE contents, and variations of REE versus the sum of Ni, Co, and Cu testify that sedimentation occurred under shallow-water conditions on the continent or its slope, similarly as the formation of ancient (3.5–3.2 Ga) basalt-komatiitic series intercalated with sedimentary rocks in the Pilbara Craton. The age of supracrustal rocks of the Dniester-Bug Group was constrained within the time interval of 3.4–3.2 Ga on the basis of U-Pb zircon dating and determination of Nd isotope composition. The DM model age of quartzites varies from 3.37 to 3.5 Ga. Sedimentary rocks together with volcanic rocks represent the oldest supracrustal association of the East European Platform.     

Possible Flare of the Red Dwarf HU Del

The results of spectroscopic observations of the red dwarf flare star HU Del are given. The observations were made in August 2000 with the 2.6-m telescope of the Byurakan Observatory equipped with a Byu FOSC integral-field spectrograph. A rapid flare evidently occurred on HU Del.     

Peculiarities of evaporation regime of Lake Ladoga

The evaporation regime of Lake Ladoga is specified using the renewed meteorological data. The traditional approach is supplemented with a new method of estimating the impact of shallow-water zones on the evaporation intensification worked out by G.N. Panin. The obtained results corroborate that the level of precipitation minus evaporation varies in different zones of the lake that can influence the water mass redistribution in the lake in certain seasons.     

大直径潜孔锤气力反循环流体速度与压力模型

为解决大直径潜孔锤反循环钻进技术中气体携带岩屑不彻底和地面供气压力难以控制问题,必须开展循环气体流动参数即速度压力分布研究。根据反循环钻进中流体通道特点对流场分区,采用"倒算法"按循环系统流动的反方向推导各分区流场的气体速度和压力公式,建立流体参数数学模型,并对所得模型进行实例验算。以直径1.2 m、孔深40 m硬岩钻孔为例,钻孔出口流速为40 m/s时,钻头喷嘴气体流速为456 m/s,喷嘴截面积为0.002 4 m2,孔口气体注入压力为1.2 MPa,循环系统压力降约为0.9 MPa。计算结果表明,该模型可为地面气源参数调节和优化喷嘴结构提供依据。