Measurements of optical turbulence in the free atmosphere above Mount Maidanak in 2005–2007

We present the results of our 2005–2007 campaign to measure the vertical distribution of optical turbulence above Mount Maidanak. The measurements were performed with the MASS instrument, a multi-aperture scintillation sensor that has been widely used for such studies in recent years at many observatories worldwide. Analysis of the data shows that the median seeing in the free atmosphere (at an altitude of 0.5 km and higher) is 0 ″46, while the isoplanatic angle is 2″.47. Given the large time constant (about 7 ms at good seeing), such conditions are favorable for using adaptive optics and interferometric measurements in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges.     

Frequency of occurrence and dynamics of droughts in Eastern Georgia in the 20th century

Frequency of occurrence and dynamics of droughts in 20th century were studied based on the observational materials of 20 meteorological stations of Eastern Georgia. The periods with precipitation deficit were studied against the background of high temperatures. The drought intensity was assessed with the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient.     

热带测雨卫星测雨雷达探测的亚洲夏季积雨云云砧

热带测雨卫星(TRMM)测雨雷达探测产品资料中"其他"类型降水一直被忽略,它具有什么物理含义也无从知晓。文中利用个例分析和统计分析方法,对10年夏季亚洲"其他"类型降水进行了研究。个例分析结果表明"其他"类型降水的平均廓线表现了积雨云云砧特征,其廓线峰值(约0.6—1.0 mm/h)高度位于8—10 km,且云砧顶部具有0.8以上的可见光平均反射率和低于215 K远红外平均亮温;根据个例中积雨云云砧廓线特点,文中定义5 km以上各层累计降水率大于1 mm/h为云砧廓线,对亚洲夏季积雨云云砧样本进行了统计,结果表明该地区夏季云砧样本占"其他"类型降水样本总数的近70%;统计结果还表明夏季亚洲积雨云云砧出现频次为0.1%—0.4%,它至少超过对流降水频次的十分之一,亚洲云砧出现频次的特点是陆面高于洋面;云砧的结构特点表明云砧平均厚度3—4 km,其底部高度约6 km,顶部高度在10—12 km;云砧的平均可见光反射率在0.8—0.9,远红外平均亮温低于220 K。     

Pattern recognition applied to earthquake epicenters in California

A pattern recognition procedure is explained which uses geological data and the earthquake history of a region, in this case California, and learns how to separate earthquake epicenters from other places. Sites of future earthquake epicenters are predicted as well as places where epicenters will not occur. The problem is formulated in several ways and control experiments are devised and applied in order to test the stability of the procedures and engender confidence in the results. Some of the combinations of geological features which the computer recognized as significant discriminants are discussed.     

Trapezium type multiple stars — instable systems

Trapezium type multiple stars are centers of star formation in stellar associations. Theoretical and observational studies show that they are dynamically instable. Due to the special space configurations of the components, Trapezium type multiple stars disintegrate completely or partly after several rotations around their centers. These stars have a main role in the origin and evolution of stars on OB- and T-associations. According to observations of 15 Trapezium type multiple stars having the brightest star of OB-class 14 are in expansion. The age of the Trapezium type multiple stars is of the order of 21(P years. There are weighty arguments to assume that the majority of them are in a state of expansion with positive total energy. Translated from Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory, Academy of Sciences, Georgia. Published in Astrofizika, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 91–100, January-March, 1998.     

2020年龙泉山断裂带MS5.1地震成因综合分析

2020年2月3日四川省成都市青白江区发生M_S5.1地震,震中烈度为Ⅵ度。该地震事件震中位于龙泉山断裂带上,距离成都市中心38 km,是龙泉山断裂带历史上非常罕见的5.0级以上地震事件。针对该事件成因进行了综合分析与研究,具体内容包括:(1)通过收集历史地震资料讨论龙泉山断裂带的地震活动性;(2)利用高质量的波形数据对主震位置进行重定位;(3)根据地震层析成像获得的三维vP、vS以及泊松比(σ)模型分析了孕震构造和流体影响,以及(4)利用固体潮理论模型分析了固体潮与地震触发的相关性。结果表明,本次M_S5.1地震发生在龙泉山断裂带北段,震中坐标为(30.732°N,104.529°E),震源深度为15.12 km;震源位于高-低泊松比过渡带附近,并伴随着大范围的低速异常,初步推断与深部流体有关;同时,固体潮在断层面上产生的剪切应力变化,也可能与本次地震的触发密切相关,暗示着在地震发生前龙泉山北段的地震危险性已经达到了较高水平。因此深部流体侵入作用、强震同震效应以及特定孕震构造环境的综合影响可能是导致本次地震触发的主要因素。     

New mass formula for spherically symmetric stellar configurations

A new formula is derived for the mass of spherically symmetric stellar configurations. An expression will be given where the mass square is connected to an integral over the pressure of gravitating matter. This formula turns out to hold for Newtonian gravity, for Einstein's GRT, for projective and bimetric scalar-tensor and further theories of gravitation.     

Radial velocities of the components of the Trapezium-type multiple systems

From 1988 to 1989 radial velocities of 76 components of 46 Trapzium-type multiple systems have been measured with the 125-cm reflector of the Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory. In Table 1 a list of observations is given, containing the mean values of radial velocities, velocities of axial rotation, the halfwidth of contours and equivalent width.     

虾壳红色素的抗氧化和抗肿瘤作用

为综合利用虾、蟹等水产品壳废料,采用有机溶剂萃取方法提取虾壳中的红色素,它是一类以虾青素及其酯为主的类胡萝卜素。比较虾壳红色素与维生素Ｃ在抑制小鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化,以及抑制人大肠癌ＳＷ１１１６细胞株增殖的作用。结果表明虾壳红色素对小鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化具有明显的抑制作用,其效果比维生素Ｃ强１０倍以上;浓度为１×１０－９及１×１０－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ虾壳红色素对人大肠癌ＳＷ１１１６细胞株增殖抑制率分别为２３．４％和３９．０％,在浓度为１×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ中培养的细胞基本死亡。提示了虾、蟹壳废料潜在的应用价值。